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Work and Energy

The document contains 16 questions about work, energy, and power. It defines work as force applied over a displacement, provides formulas for calculating work, kinetic energy, and power, and gives examples of calculating work, energy, and power in various physical situations. It also discusses when work is and isn't done, the differences between work and kinetic energy, and the relationships between work, energy, and power.

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Geetanjali Mishra
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41 views5 pages

Work and Energy

The document contains 16 questions about work, energy, and power. It defines work as force applied over a displacement, provides formulas for calculating work, kinetic energy, and power, and gives examples of calculating work, energy, and power in various physical situations. It also discusses when work is and isn't done, the differences between work and kinetic energy, and the relationships between work, energy, and power.

Uploaded by

Geetanjali Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Work and Energy

Q.1. A man weighing 70 kg carries a weight of 10 kg on the top of a tower


100 m high. Calculate the work done by the man (g = 10m/s2).

Q.2. A porter lifts a luggage of 15 kg from the ground and puts it on his
head 1.5 m above the ground. Calculate the work done by him on the
luggage.

Q.3. A ball of mass 1 kg thrown upwards, reaches a maximum height of 4


m. Calculate the work done by the force of gravity during the vertical
displacement. (g = 10m/s2)

Q.4. An engine pulls a train 1 km over a level track. Calculate the work
done by the train given that the frictional resistance is 5 x 105 N.

Q.5. A boy of mass 55 kg runs up a flight of 40 stairs, each measuring


0.15m. Calculate the work done by the boy.

Q.6. A force of 10 N acts on an object. The object is displaced through 12


m, in the direction of the force. If the force acts all through the
displacement, find the work done by the force.

Q.7. A porter lifts a luggage of 15 kg from the ground and puts it on his
head 1.5 m above the ground. Calculate the work done by him on the
luggage.

Q.8. A crane pulls up a car of mass 500 kg to a vertical height of 4 m.


Calculate the work done by the crane.

Q.9. Find the amount of work done by a labourers who carrier ‘n’ bricks of
‘m’ kg each to the roof of a house ‘h’ metre high by climbing a ladder.

Q.10. A force of 5 N acts on an object. The object id displaced through 8


m, in the direction of the force. If the force acts all through the
displacement, find the work done by the force.
Q.11. A collie carries a load of 50 kg on his head and walks on a level road
upto 100 m. What is the work done by him?

Q.12. A boy pushes a book by applying a force of 40 N. Find the work


done by this force on the book is displaced through 25 cm along the path.

Q.13. Calculate the work done in lifting 200 kg of water through a vertical
height of 6 metres (g= 10m/s2).

Q.14. A car weighing 1000 kg and traveling at 30m/s stops at a distance of


50m decelerating uniformly. What is the force exerted on it by the brakes?
What is the work done by the brakes?

Q.15. Calculate the work done by a student in lifting 0.5 kg book from the
ground and keeping it on a shelf 1.5m high.

A force of 7 N acts on an object. The displacement is, say 8 m, in the direction of the force as
shown in figure. Let us take it that the force acts on the object through the displacement. What is
the work done in this case?

SOLUTION:
Force, F = 7 N
Displacement, s = 8 m
Then, Work done = 7 N × 8 m
= 56 N m = 56 J

Q 2.
When do we say that work is done?

SOLUTION:
Work is done by a force on an object if a force acts on the object and the object is displaced from
its original position.

Q 3.
Write an expression for the work done when a force is acting on an object in the direction of its
displacement.

SOLUTION:
If F is the constant force acting in the direction of displacement s, then work done by the
force, i.e., W = F × s = Fs.
Q 4.
Define 1 J of work.

SOLUTION:
The amount of work done when a force of 1 N moves a body through a distance of 1 m in the
direction of the force is called 1 joule.

Q 5.
A pair of bullocks exerts a force of 140 N on a plough. The field being ploughed is 15 m long.
How much work is done in ploughing the length of the field?

SOLUTION:
Here, F = 140 N, s = 15 m.
Work done in ploughing the field,
W = F × s = (140 N) × (15 cm) = 2100 J

Q 6.
What is the kinetic energy of an object?

SOLUTION:
Kinetic energy of an object is the energy possessed by it due to its motion. In fact, kinetic energy
of an object moving with a certain velocity is equal to the work done to make it acquire that
velocity.

Q 7.
Write an expression for the kinetic energy of an object.

SOLUTION:
Kinetic energy of an object,

where m = mass of the object and


v = uniform velocity of the object

Q 8.
The kinetic energy of an object of mass, m moving with a velocity of 5 m s–1 is 25 J. What will be
its kinetic energy when its velocity is doubled? What will be its kinetic energy when its velocity
increased three times?

SOLUTION:
K.E. of an object = 25 J
K.E. of the object with velocity double

Q 9.
What is power?
SOLUTION:
The rate of doing work is called power.
Thus,

Power may also be defined as the amount of work done in one unit of time.

Q 10.
Define 1 watt of power.

SOLUTION:
Power of an object is said to be 1 W if it does 1 joule of work in 1 s, i.e.,

In other words, we say that power is 1 W when the rate of consumption of energy is 1 J s –1.

Q 11.
A lamp consumes 1000 J of electrical energy in 10 s. What is its power?

SOLUTION:
Energy consumed = 1000 J
So, Time = 10 s

Q 12.
Define average power.

SOLUTION:

The concept of average power is useful when the power of an agent varies with time and it does
work at different rates during different intervals of time.

Q 13.
Look at the activities listed below. Reason out whether or not work is done in the light of your
understanding of the term ‘work’.
• Suma is swimming in a pond.
• A donkey is carrying a load on its back.
• A wind-mill is lifting water from a well.
• A green plant is carrying out photosynthesis.
• An engine is pulling a train.
• Food grains are getting dried in the sun.
• A sailboat is moving due to wind energy.

SOLUTION:
(A) Suma is doing work. She is applying force to move horizontally.
(B) Donkey is not doing any work. Here, the displacement and the force are at 90°.
(C) Work is done by the windmill. The water is lifted against force of gravity.
(D) No work is done by a green plant during photosynthesis.
(e) The engine applies a pulling force on the train, and the train moves in the direction of this
force. Therefore, engine is doing work.
(f) During drying of food grains in the sun no work is done.
(g) Work is done by the air. The sailboat moves in the direction of the force exerted by wind.

Q 14.
An object thrown at a certain angle to the ground moves in a curved path and falls back to the
ground. The initial and the final points of the path of the object lie on the same horizontal line.
What is the work done by the force of gravity on the object?

SOLUTION:
Since initial and the final positions of the path of the object thrown at a certain angle to the
ground lie on the some horizontal plane, the displacement of the object is in the horizontal
direction. The force of gravity on the object acts vertically downwards, so no work is said to be
done.

Q 15.
A battery lights a bulb. Describe the energy changes involved in the process.

SOLUTION:
A battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy is converted into
light energy as the bulb is lighted up, i.e., the sequence of energy changes is as follows :
Chemical energy → Electrical energy → Light energy.

Q 16.
Certain force acting on a 20 kg mass changes its velocity from 5 m s–1 to 2 m s–1. Calculate the
work done by the force.

SOLUTION:
Mass of the object, m = 20 kg
Total work done by the force = Change in the kinetic energy of the object

The force will do work equivalent to 210 J. Here the direction of force is opposite to the direction
of motion.

Common questions

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The work done by a predetermined force over a certain displacement is calculated by multiplying the magnitude of the force by the magnitude of the displacement in the direction of the force. If a force of 5 N acts on an object displaced 8 m, the work done is 5 N × 8 m = 40 J .

Work is done in a physical scenario if a force acts on an object and the object is displaced from its original position in the direction of the force. If either the force is zero, the displacement is zero, or the force is perpendicular to the displacement, no work is done .

Gravity exerts a force on the object equal to its weight (mass × gravitational acceleration). The work done against gravity when lifting an object vertically is calculated as Work = Weight × Height = (mass × g) × height. This equation takes into account the force exerted by gravity and the vertical displacement of the object .

Doubling the velocity of an object quadruples its kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is given by the formula K.E. = (1/2)mv², where v is the velocity. If velocity v is doubled, the kinetic energy becomes (1/2)m(2v)² = 4 × (1/2)mv², showing that kinetic energy increases by a factor of four .

Zero work is done by gravity when an object moves along a curved path if the initial and final positions of its trajectory lie on the same horizontal level. This is because the force of gravity acts vertically while the displacement is horizontal during the net movement, resulting in no work done by gravity in that direction .

No work is done by a person carrying a load while walking on a level road because the force exerted by the person is vertical (to support the load against gravity), while the displacement of the load is horizontal. Since work is only done by force along the direction of displacement, and here the force does not cause horizontal displacement, no work is performed .

To calculate the work done by a man carrying a weight to the top of a tower, you use the formula for work done: Work = Force × Displacement. The force here is the gravitational force acting on the total mass (man's weight + object's weight), and displacement is the height of the tower. Given the man's weight is 70 kg, the weight he carries is 10 kg, and the height is 100 m, the total force due to gravity is (70 kg + 10 kg) × g = 80 kg × 10 m/s² = 800 N. The work done is 800 N × 100 m = 80,000 J .

To solve for the work done in lifting water, you multiply the force required to lift the water (equal to the weight of the water) by the height it is lifted. The weight is calculated using the mass of the water times gravitational acceleration (Weight = mass × g). Then, work done = Weight × Height. For instance, lifting 200 kg of water through 6 meters, with g = 10 m/s², equates to Work = 200 kg × 10 m/s² × 6 m = 12,000 J .

The force exerted by the brakes can be calculated by first determining the work done by the brakes using the work-energy principle. The car's initial kinetic energy is given by (1/2)mv², where m is the mass and v is the velocity. Since the car stops, its final kinetic energy is zero. The work done by the brakes is equal to the initial kinetic energy. Using the formula Work = Force × Distance, the force can be calculated as Force = Work/Distance .

When a battery powers a bulb, chemical energy stored in the battery is first converted into electrical energy. As the bulb lights up, the electrical energy is then converted into light energy. These transformations illustrate the principle of energy conservation and the ability of energy to change forms while performing work, which, in this case, is to produce light .

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