_ Pai and_ chemical. Banfi.
po a _ ty
— eT + substanusf
= Basics _
ania la ue _branch qstlene.
G the Tntencanvection of
= 4; jamics _is_con cerned
Cats tag f
1 ta ap The e
me , Sire
- | = another
— internal ari
af tne wolveane "a ad
— Leguanon Au= = wy _____
“aif say (eg = ap a Aaah armaunt 4 a ape oud
ea
—o tampons A fa compl uni ‘ |
tee wales he a
- ol ge 4 apm hay tem Paving dipna to oystin—
| + eat cipal ae wot
ii) OU & water EEE
—| itt tose —
om tl item which consistiof 2 more distinc
tag phere
! ay jes se pt + Fipog Apt, - 3) Intensive poopy = ppt ah nape ng ono
i peony. A_aystern sich exchanges beDr cog, ‘od rent . mtn tt chu a “ly on | i a int,
| TN gunoundsn A called an epen apton. —ai 9 — baling fo Te me , thamal con ducht y, dy pte,
eg) hot_ede oacop ——=) death Mlan_volhe, melas entropy
/f
ef , ait the mate ge”
2d, Cased spit: & system that. fachangyenangty or act alee wat * Het copacihy co): ag’ c. aT
=i | _
the peels @ collsd_a_dased “aystem -
ep -A-tip_ each afolg—bat—cgpa comer wlth saute. ——_-_9 | 4 Apece hank Heat capaty of anit mass gf a substance, Th
ee pot 7 at > ett capa dapents Se “Suey in “ain fk ued
—9}| aloe spsten ten That dee. nehallescachorg_tf ithe, ‘)- thea. heat (i sippitd ta the Gubstanaat conta
energy ox Senate a the sur 4 js called tetated “system | Galea nala
pH aap entantng bot eae coves ltr saucs & infata | Age ty dt
urmund — a * The amount of heot supplied th given by cd) ot const. volume.
ne | Se teed
4) Adfabatic systems A spite in which ther & no ange + beat __ Heat capa ot const volume
between 4 and sutzounding. This uaulb fo inercase Ge dectoe “tue (v= const&nt volume). _ ut)
2 inteanal_onugy —
\ = — du = ag = au Gina canst yelume, du -0)
01 Jnteznal thergy (u): Total enurgy tno substance du= dg > cat
mM 4 puto. tate and and thei translabty ic Co (GRY . Gi)
‘ind —vibratfonal rashion, as well a» the elLeact v
i) Tent & supplied at constant
at | i wath TT at the vontat!
belwexn tach atomic. fa ee
ont
A dapic fount. stoned th bsti — heat” supplted “to the syitem is utibiced
—— Mefee amounted eee Bind eo Ane = capanton mar heat! seabird te
+ Th ie propane stem = = than that Teuleed in_conctant. volume proces: for he
ay — Ses res
). Eatensi i pe vais daperde on De amount moallee— i ag = peat Leona pre sine)
prsct tn A Syston _ = a -
is — the (24) Cpe anstant pessure) ©)
ate
Mas, volume, ‘internal heat capacity, number af mole~
* lass, volume, — inLern oH Ne ony Aum! ge = -
| suyof, thermodynarnt constant pressuse process,
by inp ume fee pe
dus 4g- pv
ag > dvs pay
+ Ags dh» Cpa .
Bona,
Le above equation (¥)
ips (4) = Oi).
r
@ Atna, i juen temp change , the heat vegubed mon mil,
r
Bhan tht of a cata vane pram, —
fecsume proce
f Cpreu
© The at}
Sl
‘the change in
wr ‘te thal 14 ess
salts & Aigutds di ‘ng heating B not ube si
t
* Therenodynamia. Process =
] Leethermal (constant: temp ovat).
4) Adtabatte C constant heat)
4G), sochor'e | Tsometsie Cconstant volume)
4 Leobaste Coonstant. fresure).
7 wo
oy a law, dU dg - dw.
' dus dg. i.
| Also, aU= Cv. dT. =
[a], For conetant Volume C Lsochorie) Isometric)
7 bh
| ge Aue [Gat = CCT) = er
J pe
2 bdwen Cp au i solide Uigulte om vay small.
(wont, if
(foreman Srscure (Labaaie) : —_
a= Ag- dvs
Cbg 1 bans), —
Alo, us d& ~ fav - V-dg"? -
Ags avr t de
Buk. ents . aq = an
“tt 4 dhs due Pav
Buk, pate dg
fe, or constr presuna, age ait= cp
t
Lge a= aT © CplI=%) = Gpat _
geo | gat liens ga
[3]. for constant Temperatue (Isothermal) : : _
-av=aH= 0
fo, by IF law, av? g= a,
"t we frau
”
= RT In
fa] for _adfabaltc (constant _h
aq a. _—_—
uz gay td
je ca _
Gatos = du -
bs by * Law, +; + TF» constant. «
wwe know, BM: = ava, ng Tow fas
[nacsinaems mers een ne
|e a poved canon f= oy
Bn iterating on bet std
we RAT): fe
a
fe Chava)? (fh) = conchant =~ PU" _constacit. i
a
& from 14 tam of Thermos ayia
aus ge
aus qe na Fave. ais)
ie 4 na, pe reduce te constant
yy 1, Caen Pv’ + constant.
oY, Then PV"= constant i.e Cadfabalt.)
i nzY, pes veduutes to _addabatic/ aanik pres
[Mase then 197% = anitant
his 0. C volume constant).
Gore. proton reduc tian isa chore itsmebaic press
yg
astae
motte vdlogsam +
Lid | | Lf acheter alee
}
* “genie posi of Freese on. le il
| te mas or
| | 1
i) Leomebste) |p | | ++
icochorte |. | as
prec
3) Tsobaute
proces 1 fp citi Tn Te gna i) for ainbak prmece, 420
ang i qf pete tp Bonphont BU) gg +) = ben
Step 4 eae oe pos then Tk veadve, Ser werk & digg” New, for a eyshic precex, neck chang im internal °
oe 28T ca . . a = e Cavan © Tatee . Cava ° ~y
Spas A achatant volume prc han WE eal 75 a i 25415 + (adeas 0
Stiga. An adiabatic proces : z (aqr ~ lot
pati tha dndnge fe inteanal en ducing cach step & by ee
wok done duuing De adiabati fn =) Bo, work done in adiabalic press & 1003.
7s = < < +
\ +) sa Tn a steam turbine, sing steam at 1368 ka & 65K & diag
pf—_—__+ ft : XY = saturated steam ot 1370"Pa & used te yom power fe a
. aie 3) eadain chemival past. Tre turbine acts oo & te —
+ —_ ~—~=} heat & dicho veledtie may be censtdessd equal” Detartins
v - aa terial tot aelped by tskine g ik ufea_l6s0kJ steam)
gt Sep Ate 3 = ha. From the steam
Lally + Lye = Leda
= TB
} hs: -
— = AF laws for Slow process, —
— 4 ae gar pauts Gos = Cn sha at
’ A 3
a Gece proces _# Press a adlbatte 9 g <0
pe fsg ee ene 7 _ at Now, fs & disharge velocities om equal = avs.
i) Te precese is Ieebantc / cons Tart _pressuts paces —— a
_ ! (Ligg * (Q)ay = iw z G Assuming that te inlst & dishargs of the tuaine anc
_ _ (bu) yg = = 25=(-50) 2 257. — some (tel Are 0 a
a as at Be, ejuation bevomes, — ed
ii) The process is jsochodic, 4 =qiven, Wo, ae We 3200-26904 510 klk.
Sina, tha steam coasuensliter tat 7) 1650 KF Ihe.
Work dona b = 510% 5 x 1650 va
De tubing ¢ ail) Is
3 235150 =
Work done = _2331 = 313.464 HP.
145.4 —=—
)) obtrety fre. fooet
beighh sine bale
Chin Db he 6 of dro
be tuk before itches
to wo ales?
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shod chee hos Le
if Stet 4 -
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ire saeredry—~
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—_ ut ache) +a (P= 0,
bi toe ery at iy
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A
=, “nmge cn SOR PE
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JOE Geo 5 Se Busing The proan
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\ = 4 gx on 1° — Pebeabiad ena Oe
it oF | au see) 20,
hy a _ °F AU* Key ke
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a
_______| v aectgtife : | pecun b he Loner sion of PE ;
i | AGL N] co or ‘gid the walker Snte olernal _
: a Er cy Peay hauh ef Mvake
Hip neato
Ads frimssetsin of Pfoe| | hemp Pre wale sina
» RE Eat” Eber, — eadagy in the arrest APY
oe “Taveol, a prequiced fre a a hemp. Meg
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| ‘Aue + a(PE) =O "Toa deog soca = + see
v) (hE, - Ber) 4 (PE 1—PEN) = 0 —
(iu) + (— 431) =o
we | Reve ASNT, la mtyta & Paulo te
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