Plant Health Monitoring System
Project Exhibition -1
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRONIC AND COMMUNICATION
(SPECILIZATION IN AI & CYBERNETICS)
Submitted to
VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY (M.P.)
Submitted by
PRIYA VERMA , TANU TOMAR
(REGISTRATION NO. – 22BAC10024,
22BAC10023)
Under the Supervision of
DR. AMIT KUMAR SINGH
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG.
VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY
BHOPAL (M.P.)-466114
October – 2023
1
VIT BHOPAL UNIVERSITY BHOPAL (M.P.) 466114
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG.
CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Dissertation entitled “Plant Health Monitoring System" is my own
work conducted under the supervision of Dr. Amit Kumar Singh, Asst. Professor Junior,
School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering at VIT University, Bhopal.
I further declare that to the best of my knowledge this report does not contain any part of work
that has been submitted for the award of any degree either in this university or in other
university / Deemed University without proper citation.
Priya Verma (22BAC10024)
Tanu Tomar (22BAC10023)
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my
knowledge.
28/10/2023
Date:_____________
Dr. Amit Kumar Singh
Assistant Professor
--------------------------------------------------------
Digital Signature of Guide
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VIT UNIVERSITY BHOPAL (M.P.) – 466114
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodied in this Project Exhibition -1 report entitled
“Plant Health Monitoring System” has been satisfactorily completed by Ms. Priya Verma,
Tanu Tomar. Registration No. 22BAC10024, 22BAC10023 respectively in the School of
Electrical & Electronics Engineering of Electronic and Communication Specialization in AI &
Cybernetics at VIT University, Bhopal. This work is a bonafide piece of work, carried out
under my/our guidance in the School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for the partial
fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Technology.
-------------------------------------
Dr. Amit Kumar Singh
Assistant Professor SEEE
Forwarded by Approved by
DR SOUMITRA KESARI NAYAK DR DEBASHIS ADHIKARI
Program Chair Professor & Dean
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Acknowledgement
In the first place, we would like to thank Dr. Amit Kumar Singh (assistant professor SEEE),
for their cooperation and guidance in completing our project PLANT HEALTH
MONITORING SYSTEM. Above all and the most needed, he provided us with unflinching
encouragement and support in various ways. His words have always inspired us to work in an
efficient and comprehensive way. We would like to thank him for his constant encouragement
that enabled us to grow as a person. His presence has definitely improved us as a human being.
We express our gratitude towards “Dr. Debashis Adhikari”, Professor and Dean of SEEE,
VIT Bhopal University, for providing us all the help and permitted us to work in the laboratory
with no time limits.
We would also like to thank Dr. Soumitra Kesari Nayak, Programme chair of BAC, VIT
Bhopal University, for giving us his valuable time and guidance.
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Executive Summary
Our Plant Health Monitoring System integrates advanced sensor technology,
machine learning algorithms, and user-friendly interfaces to revolutionize
agriculture. By continuously monitoring environmental and soil conditions,
alongside employing imaging sensors, it ensures real-time data analysis for early
issue detection and disease prediction. The intuitive dashboard facilitates easy
interpretation of historical data trends, empowering farmers with actionable
insights. With wireless connectivity, the system allows for remote monitoring and
automated responses, seamlessly integrating with existing agricultural systems.
Its scalability and adaptability cater to various crop types and plantation sizes,
ensuring flexibility. Security measures prioritize data integrity and
confidentiality. This cost-effective solution not only enhances decision-making
but also contributes to sustainable farming practices, promising a compelling
return on investment. Embrace the future of precision agriculture and cultivate
prosperity with our innovative Plant Health Monitoring System.
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List of Figures
Figure No. Caption / Title Page No.
2.1 PROBLEM FORMULATION AND PROPOSED
METHODOLOGY
2.1.1 Block Diagram 14
2.1.2 Circuit Diagram 15
2.1.3 Simulation 24
2.1.4 Result Figure 26
3.2 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
3.2.1 Hardware
[Link] Arduino 16
[Link] Soil Moisture sensor 17
[Link] DHT11 Digital Temperature Humidity 18
Sensor 19
[Link] Lithium-ion battery 5V 20
[Link] Relay module 5V 20
[Link] Motor pump 21
[Link] 16*2 LCD 21
[Link] I2C module for LCD 22-23
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List of Tables
Table No. Caption / Title Page
No.
2.1 Database for product 1
• Observation table 25
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Table of Contents
Front Page 1
Candidate’s Declarati on 2
Certificate 3
Acknowledgement 4
Executive Summary 5
List of Figures 6
List of Tables 7
Contents Page No.
INTRODUCTION 09
LITERATURE REVIEW 10-11
PROBLEM FORMULATION AND PROPOSED METHDOLOGY 12-13
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION 16-23
SIMULATION 24
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 25-27
REFFERENCE 28
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INTRODUCTION
In contemporary agriculture, the integration of advanced technologies has ushered in a new era
of precision and efficiency. One of the groundbreaking innovations in this domain is the Plant
Health Monitoring System, a comprehensive solution poised to transform how we perceive and
manage the vitality of plants. With an intricate network of sensors and cutting-edge
technologies, this system offers real-time insights into the environmental conditions, soil
health, and overall well-being of plants in various settings, ranging from vast agricultural fields
to urban green spaces.
As the global demand for sustainable and high-yield agriculture intensifies, the significance of
proactive plant management becomes increasingly apparent. The Plant Health Monitoring
System not only provides continuous data collection but also employs sophisticated algorithms
to analyse and interpret this data, enabling the early detection of potential issues and predictive
insights into plant diseases. In this introduction, we embark on a journey to explore the
components, functionalities, and transformative potential of the Plant Health Monitoring
System—a technological marvel poised to redefine the future of agriculture
In India 83% of water is consumed by agriculture. If there are no plan for the usage of water in
farms, then it causes wastage of water. So, we need a system which will efficiently supply
water. Arduino Uno is a microcontroller along with the moisture, temperature and humidity
sensor can monitor soil content and accordingly it irrigates the field as when needed. The
proposed system uses microcontroller Arduino Uno and IOT which enable farmers to remotely
monitor the status of motor installed on the farm by getting approximate information from
sensor thereby, making the farmers' work much easier as they can do other farm activities. And
mostly this technique is driven by electrical power and on/off scheduling controlled.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Athawale, S.V., Solanki, M., Sapkal, A., Gawande, A. and Chaudhari, S., 2019. An
IoT-Based Smart Plant Monitoring System. In Smart Computing Paradigms: New
Progresses and Challenges: Proceedings of ICACNI 2018, Volume 2 (pp. 303-310).
Singapore: Springer Singapore.
Abstract:
In this modern era of fast – moving technology, we can do things which we could never do
before and to do these tasks there is a necessity to build a platform thses tasks. The proposed
system puts forth the home automation technique for smart plant watering system. A
smartphone empowers the user to be updated with their current garden status usint IoT from
any part of the world.
2. Kamaruddin, F., Abd Malik, N.N.N., Murad, N.A., Latiff, N.M.A.A., Yusof, S.K.S.
and Hamzah, S.A., 2019. IoT-based intelligent irrigation management and monitoring
system using Arduino. TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics
and Control), 17(5), pp.2378-2388
Abstract:
Plants, flowers and crops are living things around us that makes our earth more productive and
beautiful. In order to growth healthy, they need water, light and nutrition from the soil in order
to effect cleaning air naturally and produce oxygen to the world. Therefore, a technology that
manage to brilliantly control plants watering rate according to its soil moisture and user
requirement is proposed in this paper. The developed system included an Internet of Things
(IoT) in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) environment where it manages and monitors the
irrigation system either manually or automatically, depending on the user requirement. This
proposed system applied Arduino technology and NRF24L01 as the microprocessor and
transceiver for the communication channel, respectively. Smart agriculture and smart lifestyle
can be developed by implementing this technology for the future work. It will save the budget
for hiring employees and prevent from water wastage in daily necessities.
3. Yu, L., Gao, W., R Shamshiri, R., Tao, S., Ren, Y., Zhang, Y. and Su, G., 2021. Review
of research progress on soil moisture sensor technology.
Link- [Link]
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Abstract:
Soil moisture is directly related to the amount of irrigation in agriculture and influences the
yield of crops. Accordingly, a soil moisture sensor is an important tool for measuring soil
moisture content. In this study, the previous research conducted in recent 2-3 decades on soil
moisture sensors was reviewed and the principles of commonly used soil moisture sensor and
their various applications were summarized. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages, and
influencing factors of various measurement methods employed were compared and analyzed.
The improvements were presented by several scholars have established the major applications
and performance levels of soil moisture sensors, thereby setting the course for future
development. These studies indicated that soil moisture sensors in the future should be
developed to achieve high-precision, low-cost, non-destructive, automated, and highly
integrated systems. Also, it was indicated that future studies should involve the development
of specialized sensors for different applications and scenarios. This review research aimed to
provide a certain reference for application departments and scientific researchers in the process
of selecting soil moisture sensor products and measuring soil moisture.
4. Taneja, K. and Bhatia, S., 2017, June. Automatic irrigation system using Arduino UNO.
In 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems
(ICICCS) (pp. 132-135). IEEE
Abstract:
An automated irrigation system have been developed using sensors technology with Arduino
to efficiently utilize water for irrigation purpose. The system has soil moisture sensor inserted
into the soil of the plants and a water level sensor placed in a water container from where water
will be pumped to plants for irrigation. An algorithm has been build out with threshold values
of soil moisture sensor to control the water quantity in soil and also a water level sensor has
been implemented to measure the water level in tank.
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PROBLEM FORMULATION
Problem formulation in research is the foundational process of clearly defining the issue or
question that the study seeks to address. This involves identifying a specific problem,
contextualizing it within the existing body of knowledge, and stating clear research questions
or objectives. The researcher reviews relevant literature to understand the broader context,
ensuring that the chosen problem is both relevant and significant in the field. Articulating the
significance of the problem is crucial, as it justifies the need for investigation and outlines
potential contributions to knowledge or applications. Additionally, the scope and limitations of
the research are defined to set realistic expectations. In cases where applicable, hypotheses may
be formulated to predict relationships between variables. A well-crafted problem formulation
not only guides the entire research process but also ensures that the study addresses a
meaningful issue with clarity, purpose, and a clear understanding of its potential impact on the
academic or practical landscape.
To provide support system using wireless sensor network which handle different activities of
farm and gives useful information related to farm. Information related to Soil moisture,
Temperature and Humidity content. Due to the weather condition, water level increasing
Farmers get lot of distractions which is not good for Agriculture. Many stray animals dissipate
the harvest and it cause of less yield.
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METHDOLOGY
The methodology section of a research project serves as the blueprint for the entire study,
delineating the systematic approach and procedures employed in data collection and analysis.
It encompasses a detailed research design, articulating whether the study adopts a qualitative,
quantitative, or mixed methods approach, and justifying this choice based on the research
objectives. This section delves into the specifics of data collection methods, outlining whether
surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, or archival research are employed. The
sampling strategy is elucidated, explaining how the research sample is selected from the
broader population, and the rationale behind this selection. Methodology also includes a
discussion of data analysis techniques, shedding light on the statistical or qualitative methods
used to derive meaningful insights from the collected data. Instruments utilized, such as
questionnaires, sensors, or software tools, are detailed in this section. Ethical considerations
form a crucial aspect, elucidating the ethical principles and safeguards in place to protect
participants and ensure the integrity of the research. Furthermore, discussions on the validity,
reliability, and any inherent limitations provide transparency and enable a critical evaluation
of the study's methodology by peers and stakeholders. In essence, the methodology section is
a methodical guide that underpins the research process, promoting transparency, replicability,
and the credibility of the study's findings
Block diagram of Automatic Plant Watering System with I0T. Farmer monitors and control
system in order to improve the efficiency with help of sensor parameters like temperature,
humidity, soil moisture. When power supply is ON, the input module of three sensors (DHT22,
Moisture, PIR) start to activate. When sensors get ON it will read the data from soil and from
surrounding. According to the values that are detected by sensors motor will turn ON/OFF.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
RELAY DRIVER
MOISTURE SENSOR
MICROCONTROLLER
WATER PUMP
16*2 LCD Display
with 12C Module
DHT11 SENSOR
POWER SUPPLY
Fig. 2.1.1 Block Diagram
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Fig. 2.1.2 Circuit Diagram
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COMPONETS DESCRIPTION
Arduino UNO-
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based
on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing. The Arduino Uno is a
microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 20 digital input/output pins (of which
6 can be used as PWM outputs and 6 can be used as analog inputs), a 16 MHz resonator, a
USB connection, a power jack, an in-circuit system programming (ICSP) header, and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
Fig.[Link] Arduino UNO
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USB-
The USB connection with the PC is necessary to program the board and not just to power it up.
The ESP8266 automatically draw power from either the USB or an external power supply.
Connect the board to your computer using the USB cable.
Soil moisture sensor -
The soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to gauge the volumetric content
of water within the soil. As the straight gravimetric dimension of soil moisture needs
eliminating, drying, as well as sample weighting. These sensors measure the
volumetric water content not directly with the help of some other rules of soil like
dielectric constant, electrical resistance, otherwise interaction with neutrons, and
replacement of the moisture content. This sensor mainly utilizes capacitance to gauge
the water content of the soil (dielectric permittivity). The working of this sensor can
be done by inserting this sensor into the earth and the status of the water content in
the soil can be reported in the form of a percent.
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Fig. [Link] Soil moisture sensor
SPECIFICATIONS:
• VCC pin is used for power.
• A0 pin is an analog output.
• D0 pin is a digital output.
• GND pin is a Ground.
DHT11 Digital Temperature Humidity Sensor-
Product Description:
DHT11 digital temperature and humidity sensor is a composite Sensor that contains
a calibrated digital signal output of the temperature and humidity. Application of
dedicated digital modules collection technology and temperature and humidity
sensing technology, to ensure that the product has high reliability and excellent long-
term stability. The sensor includes a resistive sense of wet components and an NTC
temperature measurement devices and is connected to a high-performance 8-bit
microcontroller.
Fig. [Link] DHT11 Sensor
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Pin Description:
• 1, the VCC power supply 3.5～5.5V DC
• 2 DATA serial data, a single bus
• 3, NC, empty pin
• 4, GND, used to connect the module to system ground
5V Lithium-ion Battery-
A 5V lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery that uses lithium-ion technology
to store and provide electrical power at a voltage of 5 volts. Lithium-ion batteries are
a type of rechargeable battery that has become increasingly popular due to their high
energy density, low selfdischarge rate, and long cycle life.
Fig3.2.1.4 5v Lithium-ion Battery
5V Relay module-
The 5V relay module can be used to control a load such as a lighting system, motor,
or solenoid. It can also be used to switch AC or DC voltages. The maximum voltage
and current that the 5V relay module can control is dependent on the specifications
of the relay.
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Fig3.2.1.5 5v relay module
Water pump-
The water pump works using water suction method which drain the water through its
inlet and released it through the outlet. You can use the water pump as exhaust system
for your aqurium and controlled water flow fountain. How to Use: Firstly, simply
connect the red wire (+) and black wire (-) to a 3V or 5V DC supply.
Fig3.2.1.6 5v dc water pump
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16X2 LCD Panel-
Product Description:
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically
modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals.
Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight or reflector to
produce images in color or monochrome. [1] LCDs are available to display arbitrary
images (as in a general-purpose computer display) or fixed images with low
information content, which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits,
and seven-segment displays.
Fig. [Link] LCD
Features of LCD16x2 :
• The operating voltage of this LCD is 4.7V-5.3V
• It includes two rows where each row can produce 16-characters.
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• The utilization of current is 1mA with no backlight
• Every character can be built with a 5×8 pixel box
• The alphanumeric LCDs alphabets & numbers
• Is display can work on two modes like 4-bit & 8-bit
• These are obtainable in Blue & Green Backlight
• It displays a few custom generated characters
I2C module for lcd
This is a RoHS compliant I2C Serial LCD Daughter board that can be connected to
a standard 16×2 or 20×4 Character Display Module that supports 4-bit mode. All
Character Modules sold on our site support 4-bit mode, and nearly all commercially
available 16×2 and 20×4 line character modules support it too.
This board has a PCF8574 I2C chip that converts I2C serial data to parallel data for
the LCD display. There are many examples on the internet for using this board with
Arduino. Do a search for “Arduino LCD PCF8574“. The I2C address is 0x3F by
default, but this can be changed via 3 solder jumpers provided on the board. This
allows up to 3 LCD displays to be controlled via a single I2C bus (giving each one
it’s own address)
Fig,[Link] I2c module
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This section mentions some of the features and specifications of the I2C Serial
Interface Adapter Module.
1. Operating Voltage: 5V DC
2. I2C control using PCF8574
3. Can have 8 modules on a single I2C bus
4. I2C Address: 0X20~0X27 (the original address is 0X20, you can change it
yourself via the onboard jumper pins)
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SIMULATION
Fig. 2.1.3 Simulation
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
RESULTS
Reading
The calculation formula is soil moisture content=W/M*100%, M is the weight of
soil before drying, and W is the weight of soil moisture, that is, the difference
between M and the weight of soil after drying M.
The output of the soil moisture sensor changes in the range of ADC value from 0 to
1023. This can be represented as moisture value in terms of percentage using
formula given below. Analog Output=ADC Value/1023
Moisture in percentage = 100-(Analog output*100)
For zero moisture, we get a maximum value of 10-bit ADC, i.e. 1023. This, in turn,
gives 0% moisture.
Observation Table
Item Condition Min Typical Max Unit
Voltage - 3.3 / 5 V
Current - 0 / 35 mA
Output Voltage Supply Voltage 5 V 0 - 4.2 V
Supply in dry soil 0 - 300 /
Output Value Sensor in humid soil 300 - 700 /
Sensor in water 700 - 950 /
Table no.1
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Conversion of Sensor Value into Moisture Percentage
Fig. 2.1.4 Result Figure
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE
CONLUSION-
The development of a smart irrigation system using an Arduino Uno, DHT11 humidity sensor,
soil moisture sensor, and relay can greatly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of plant
care. By monitoring soil moisture and environmental conditions and automating the irrigation
process, you can ensure that plants receive the right amount of water, reducing water wastage
and promoting healthy growth. The system's ability to factor in humidity and adjust watering
schedules accordingly adds an extra layer of sophistication.
Key points to note in the conclusion:
• The system incorporates real-time data from soil moisture and humidity sensors.
• Automation through the relay ensures consistent and timely watering.
• Customizable logic can be implemented to tailor watering to specific plant needs.
• Monitoring and control can be extended through remote and scheduling features.
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• Regular maintenance and calibration are essential for accurate operation.
FUTURE SCOPE-
The future scope of smart plant monitoring and irrigation systems is promising and
multifaceted, with key areas of development including sensor technology, data analytics,
wireless connectivity, energy efficiency, and sustainability. These systems will continue to
evolve to meet the growing demand for efficient and eco-friendly agricultural practices,
urban gardening, and educational applications. Future innovations in this field will not only
enhance plant care but also contribute to resource conservation, increased crop yields, and the
promotion of environmental sustainability.
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REFERENCE
1. Kohli, Ankur, Rohit Kohli, Bhupendra Singh, and Jasjit Singh. "Smart plant monitoring
system using IoT technology." In Handbook of Research on the Internet of Things
Applications in Robotics and Automation, pp. 318-366. IGI Global, 2020.
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technology/237293
2. Paparao Nalajala, P Sambasiva Rao, Y Sangeetha, Ootla Balaji, K Navya,”
Design of a Smart Mobile Case Framework Based on the Internet of Things”,
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing,Volume 815, Pp. 657-666,
2019.
a. [Link]
irrigation-systemusing-esp8266-and-soil-moisture-sensor
3. Jeevanantham, Y.A., Saravanan, A., Vanitha, V., Boopathi, S. and Kumar,
D.P., 2022, December. Implementation of Internet-of Things (IoT) in Soil
Irrigation System. In 2022 International Conference on Power, Energy,
Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
a. [Link]
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