PROJECT/PROGRAMME PROPOSAL TO THE ADAPTATION FUND

PART I: PROJECT/PROGRAMME INFORMATION

Project/Programme Category: Regular Project

Country/ies: United Republic of Tanzania
Title of Project/Programme: Bunda Climate Resilient and Adaptation Project
Type of Implementing Entity: National Implementing Entity (NIE)
Implementing Entity: National Environment Management Council (NEMC)
Executing Entity/ies: Bunda District Council
Amount of Financing Requested: 1,400,000 (In U.S Dollars Equivalent)
1.0 Project Background and Context
1.1 Brief background on what the project aims to solve
Bunda district represents the section of poor rural communities of Mara region in the Lake Victoria Zone
of Tanzania, who are already vulnerable to impacts of climate change1. Key climate elements like
temperature, rainfall and wind speed have been shifting their historical trends and magnitudes over time.
As a result, extreme climate and weather driven events such as droughts, prolonged dry periods, erratic
rainfall and strong winds are more common across the district nowadays2. The observed climate vagaries
coupled with high poverty level have already caused their toll to people, their socio-economic, livelihood
and environmental systems. Crop failures, water scarcity and livestock deaths due to drought are already
common cases in the area. Rainfall seasons and number of rainy days has greatly changed and declined,
affecting economic, social, environment and peoples’ livelihoods. Communities are experiencing failures
of their traditional livelihood systems with no replacement or alternatives3. Dependence on fishing is also
under threat due to catch decrease. As a result the Poverty and Human Development Report released in
2005 by the United Republic of Tanzania ranked the district as the poorest with the highest rates of
income poverty, with more than half (68%) of the population living below the basic needs poverty line.
Projected climate change scenarios by the Tanzania Meteorological Agency (2014), show that, the district
will experience more temperature increase in future while drought and dry spell periods with be
intensified. Rainfall pattern in the area is projected to be more unreliable and number of rainy days will be
further reduced, while flushing and catastrophic floods will be more pronounced4. Many future climate-
change impacts are predicted to accelerate multiple challenges across the district, affecting nearly all of
the population. These impacts are expected to include profound changes in water availability, temperature
stresses to human, livestock and crops, changes in farming practices, incomes and food security,
ecological disruption, and human health related impacts such as changes in disease vectors and ranges,
spatial expansion of malaria and water borne diseases. Hence, it is imperative that robust, technically-
sound and multi- disciplinary, integrated concepts need to be developed and sustainably implemented
urgently in Bund district, especially in the critical water, agricultural and public health sectors.
Like many other rural setting districts in Tanzania and in the East African region, the agricultural (crop
cultivation, fishery including aquaculture and livestock) and water sectors in Bunda are important driver
for economic growth, poverty alleviation, food security and rural communities’ development. The sectors
employ more than 80% percent of the population, contribute to approximately 95 percent of district food

1
The United Republic of Tanzania (URT), "Tanzania demographic and health survey (2010)," National Bureau of Statistics, Dar Es Salaam,
2011.
2
TMA, (2014).Climate change projection for Tanzania: A report Submitted to the Government of Tanzania. Dar es Salaam 33p.
3
UNDP(2014).Assessment study to identify Institutional, Legal and Financial Bottlenecks On Poverty – Environment (P-E) Implementation
at different levels of District, Ward and Village in Bunda District
4
Bamwenda G.R., Mashindano O., and Hangi M. (2013). Promoting Agriculture- Climate Change-Trade Linkages for Development in the
East African Community, PACT International.

1
requirements, and accounts for about more than 80 percent of households income earnings 3. However,
high dependence on rain fed subsistence agriculture, degradation of land and forest resources due to poor
farming practices, unsustainable charcoal production and fuel wood harvesting, declined fish stock, illegal
and primitive fishing practices and livestock grazing, aggravate the impacts of climate change on peoples’
livelihood systems, amplify community’s vulnerability and limits their adaptive capacity5. Reversing this
situation, improving environmental and life quality of people and achieving sustainable land management
is essential to address food insecurity, rural poverty and ultimately enhancing resilience of communities
and their adaptive capacity to climate change effects. While some proposals for such interventions already
exist in the district plans, their implementation lacks behind.
Therefore, the project proposes to develop and implement integrated adaptive mechanisms to increase
community livelihood resilience to climate change and cover the following sectors; water resources and
supply, agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture, livestock, forestry and ecosystems and gender in relation to
climate change. The project will apply transformative integrated environmental management and
aquaculture innovations, resilient rural water supply systems and Ever-Green-Agricultural (EVA)
practices to reduce vulnerabilities and the impact of climate change on local communities in the district.
This approach offers practical and effective combination of Community-Based-Adaption and Ecosystem-
Based-Adaptation techniques to support transformation of livelihood system, combat poverty, enhance
greater climate resilience of rural communities and gender equality while reducing emissions through
long-term storage of carbon in landscapes. The project will implement concrete and practical cost
effective and multi-stakeholders adaptation solutions to improve livelihoods of the poor and vulnerable
communities in Bunda districts through the following six outcomes:
i) Enhanced climate resilient water management and supply system in vulnerable agro-pastoral
communities of Bunda District;
ii) Improved agricultural productivity, livelihood and agro-ecosystem resilience through Climate
Smart EVA practices;
iii) Traditional fishing practices of small scale fishers transformed and fishers’ income improved
through climate sensitive aquaculture innovations;
iv) Improved ecological and environmental services and functions to sustain climate sensitive rural
livelihoods in Bunda District;
v) Market value chain of agricultural products strengthened and livelihood of rural communities
improved to enhance their adaptive capacity to effects of climate variability and change; and
vi) Strengthened institutional capacity to reduce risks associated with climate-induced socio-
economic losses and livelihood failures in Bunda district.
1.2 Socio-economic, development and environmental context
1.2.1 Location and Topography
Bunda district (BD) is one of the five districts of Mara Region. It borders to the North by the Musoma
Rural District, to the South by Lake Victoria and Simiyu Region, to the East by the Serengeti District,
and to the West by Lake Victoria. BD is located at an elevation of 1,225 meters above sea level. Its
coordinates are 2°0'0" S and 33°49'60" E in Degrees Minutes Seconds. The district has an area of
about 3080 sq. km, of which water occupies an area of 200 sq. km and land 2888 sq. km, which translate
into 6.5% and 93.5% of the total area respectively. For the land resources, about 480 sq. km is within the
Serengeti national park and the rest is agricultural land, grazing land, settlement and forest. The land area
covered by Serengeti national park is equivalent to 17% of the total land area. Administratively, Bunda
District is divided into 4 divisions, 28 wards, 106 villages and 572 hamlets. Serengeti Division, however,
has largest number of wards (10), village (29) and hamlets (176) as compared to other divisions..
1.2.2 Socio-economic and development context
Bunda is one of the most densely populated districts in Tanzania with over 370,000 inhabitants living in
an area of 2888 square kilometers and with a growth rate of 1.8 %. Of the total population 172,820
(51.6%) are female and 162,241 (48.4%) are male. Serengeti Division has very high population
compared to other divisions and Kenkombyo division has the lowest population. Compared to 2002
census, the population has increased by 29.4%. This is a large change and may impact various socio-

5
Bunda District Baseline report 2013: Integrating Poverty-Environment-Gender objectives in district development plans for accelerating
economic and environmental sustainability

2
economic development endeavors, including the optimal allocation and use of the meagre financial
resources and may strongly affect the level of exploitation of the natural resources assets in the district.
Despite being one of the poorest districts in Tanzania with the highest rates of income poverty in which
more that 68% of the population living below the basic needs poverty line, the district is on a positive
growth trajectory. The number of people living below the national poverty line has reduced from 68% in
2005/2001 to 55% in 2012. The Government of Tanzania, through the district has taken a number of
plans reforms and programme initiatives to ensure poverty reduction, sustainable economic growth and
the broader achievement of SDGs from national to village and family levels. However, significant
challenges remain particularly around the agricultural sector growth, food security and water scarcity as
illustrated by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2012. Bunda District is a predominantly agrarian
economy with approximately more than 90% of the population residing in rural areas and agricultural
sector (agriculture, fishery, livestock and forestry) provide around 80% of employment. Given its
dominant role in the peoples livelihood system and economy and that more than % of households who
rely on the substance agriculture, fishing and livestock keeping, the majority of communities especially
women and other vulnerable groups are poor. Thus, Supporting productive high value and market-oriented
agriculture and the fishery is both the national and district priority documents National Development
Vision 2015, Five Year National Development Plan 2016/2021, Bunda District Strategic Plan 2016-2021,
while environmental management, conservation of natural resources and gender equality are cross-cutting
issues. Equally, the District recognizes climate risks and has committed to implementing improved
climate resilient and adaptation including water management and aquaculture innovations and a sound
biodiversity conservation plans to combat deforestation, reverse land degradation and combat
desertification. Like at the national level, the District is also actively promoting gender equality and
equity in its by-laws and education plans and programmes. It has a proactive plans and strategies that
promote women participation in all areas of socio-economic life in the district and currently has a higher
number of women led projects and departments.
1.2.3 Environmental context
Bunda District has a considerable diversity of environmental resources, including fishery resources, good
fertile soils, forests, minerals, fish, wildlife and an extensive network of mountains ecosystem and
wetlands. Despite of income poverty challenges, the forests and environment sub-sector plays an
important role in maintaining ecological balance, protect soils from erosion and conserve water and
wildlife. For instance:- Forests (and the expansive woodlands, wooded grasslands and bush lands) are
sources of domestic energy and also provide a range of goods and services, including timber for furniture,
useful non-wood products mainly honey, bees wax and medicine and are habitats for a variety of flora and
fauna. Wetlands produce important goods for rural communities such as raw material for handicrafts;
Support for fisheries, grazing and agriculture and outdoor recreation bas well as ecosystem services,
including buffering the negative effects of excess nutrient loads and sedimentation by absorbing nutrients
and pollutants.
Unfortunately, forests and woodlands are overexploited for production of charcoal, firewood and house
construction materials. Likewise, forests in the area are threatened by illegal harvesting, fire wood,
charcoal burning and destructive agricultural activities due to population growth and lack of alternative
sources of income.
• The ongoing deforestation has reduced the coverage of forests and woodlands and the availability
of associated goods including accelerating land degradation. Deforestation is undertaken largely to
provide firewood, charcoal and timber. For example, over 97% of households use charcoal and firewood
for cooking6.
• Across the district, wetlands have been severely degraded as a result of inter alia: a) intensive
cultivation of crops such as sweet potatoes and horticultural crops; b) excavation of sand and clay for
brickworks; and c) grazing activities.
• Fish abundance in the has declined as a result of intensive fishing efforts and overfishing, changes
in Lake Victoria’s hydrology; iii) anthropogenic pollution; and iv) the invasion of exotic species 7.

6
Bunda District Council, 2014
7
UNEP. 2006. Lake Victoria Basin environment outlook: environment and development. UNEP, Nairobi
3
Community and artisanal fishing efforts are showing decreased catch yields, despite intensified fishing
efforts, increased number of fishers and improved fisheries’ management6.
• Natural and traditional water sources such as seasonal rivers and springs are no longer reliable.
Drinking water quality and quantity has been impaired by both anthropogenic factors and environmental
issues including climate change related factors.

1.3 Climate change context

1.3.1 Climate trends
The climate in Bunda is complex with wide variations across the district with and is characterized by
seasonality. The annual average temperature ranges from 21˚C to 30˚C. There are two rainy seasons,
February –May and August to December with an annual average rainfall of 1100 mm. The highest monthly
average rainfall, observed in April, is 110 mm. Recent analysis of rainfall trends for Bunda show that rainy
seasons are tending to become shorter with higher intensity leading to decreases in agricultural production
and events such as droughts and floods or lands. According to data analysis and trends and the UMFULA
report, monthly and annual total rainfalls recorded between 2005 and 2015 were generally lower than the
average recorded between 1961 and 1990. Moreover, rainfall in April, the month with the highest rainfall,
has dramatically reduced (27%, 48%, 88%, 70% and 52% of the average rainfall recorded for this month
between 1961 and 1990 respectively in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014)8. The average number of
rainfall days per year has also declined from 138 between 1971 and 1990 to 92 days between 1991-2015.
Similarly, the monthly average rainfall totals decreased between1991 and 2015. This is also confirmed
by the total annual mean rainfalls which have decreased from 980mm to 720mm. Despite the overall
downward trend in annual rainfall, the recorded rainfall for September, November and December has
been higher than normal. For example, the mean monthly total rainfall for September in 2012 was 108.7
mm compared with only 38.6 mm for the period 1961-1990. Most of this type of flushing rain usually
falls in one day in the month and causes catastrophic and heavy floods. Nowadays rainfall in Bunda
district has become increasingly erratic and unpredictable. Some areas are already undergoing gradual
shift from bimodal to unimodal. Local experience indicates that, between 1981and 2016 most parts of
the district are growing drier while extreme weather events especially droughts and floods are becoming
more common.
Since late 1950s to date, Bunda district continued to experience rising in temperatures, and the warming
trend is more pronounced in mean annual minimum temperature. Available climate information
confirms that, mean annual temperature has increased by 1.0˚C since 1960, an average rate of 0.23˚C per
decade. The rising rate is more rapid for periods/seasons covering January and February while display
slowest rate for periods covering June, July, August and September 8, 9.

8
Future Climate for Africa: Tanzania country brief 2017
9
Tanzania dashboard. Available at:
[Link]
4
Figure 2: Historical average rate of change for temperature in Bunda district since 1951-
2001(Source10)
Daily temperature observations in Bund district show only small increasing trends in the frequency hot
days, but much larger increasing trends in the frequency of hot nights. The average number of ‘hot’ days
in the United Republic of Tanzania has only increased significantly in December- January –February
(DJF) when the average number of hot DJF days has increased by 2.5 days per month (an additional 8.2%
of DJF days) between 1960 and 2003. The average number of ‘hot’ nights per year increased by 50 (an
additional 13.6% of nights) between 1960 and 2003. The rate of increase is seen most strongly in DJF
when the average number of hot DJF nights has increased by 6 days per month (an additional 19.8% of
DJF nights) over this period. The frequency of cold days has not changed discernibly, despite the
observed increases in mean temperature. The frequency of cold nights has, however, decreased
significantly in all seasons. The average number of ‘cold’ nights per year has decreased by 34 (9.3% of
days). This rate of decrease is most rapid in DJF when the average number of cold DJF nights has
decreased by 3.6 nights per month (11.5% of DJF nights) over this period

Figure 4: Observed annual and seasonal temperature (0C) in Bunda for the period covering 1976 -2005.
Seasons are March to May (MAM), October to December (OND) and October to the following March
(ONDJFM) Source 11.

10 Draft stocktaking report of the National Adaptation Plan –NAP, 2018

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1.3.2 Future climate change/future climate projections
Most of available climate model projections of rainfall in Bunda District including all regions around
Lake Vicoria show higher future rainfall amount11. Available climate information agree strongly for
future decrease in the mean number of rainy days and increases in the amount of rainfall/rainfall insensity
for each rainy day. All projections of future precipatation suggest more variability in rainfall with both
likelihood of dry spells and higher likelihood of intense rainfall events, more often associated with
flooding. Mean rainfall is projected to increase slightly in annual rainfall12, and the increase is said to be
similar throughout the District areas, but the seasonal patterns of change will be more complex13.
However, many analyses and Observations of past rainfall data in Bunda district show significant
decreasing trends in annual, June –July-August-September(JJAS) and March-April-May rainfall.
As explained earlier, all parts of Bunda District like in most districts and regions in the United
Republic of Tanzania are growing hotter14. It is very likely that, throughout the District, temperature will
increase by 1.0 to 2.7˚C by the 2060s, and 1.5 to 4.5˚C by the 2090s. However, the range of projections
by the 2090s under any one emissions scenario is 1.5-2.0˚C. All projections indicated that:- a) Hot’ days
will occur on 19-40% of days by the 2060s, and 19-65% of days by the 2090; b) Nights that are
considered ‘hot’ for the annual climate of 1970-1999 are projected to increase more quickly that hot days,
occurring on 30-68% of nights by the 2060s and 35-91% of nights by the 2090s; c)Nights that are
considered hot for each season by1970-1999 standards are projected to increase particularly rapidly in
December-January-February (DJF), occurring on47-99% of nights in the season by the 2090s; and d)
Decrease in the frequency of days and nights that are considered ‘cold’ in the current climate. Events of
cold days and nights are expected to become exceedingly rare, with cold days occurring on 0-4% of days
and cold nights occurring on a maximum of 1% of days, and not at all under higher emission scenarios,
by the 2090s14, 15.
1.3.3 Future effects of climate change
As a result of the predicted increase in the frequency of intense rainfall events, flooding is expected to occur,
particularly in low-lying areas of Bunda District. The frequency of droughts is also predicted to increase, by
40–70%. Floods are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude in the low-lying villages. As more 90%
water sources are provided by direct rainfall, the predicted spatial variation in rainfall patterns is expected to
cause in changes in water availability and serious water scarcity in various villages in the District. A predicted
decline in rainfall volume per season, coupled with increased variability in rainfall patterns, is
expected to cause serious crop failures and reduce the productivity of farming, for example more than
20% reduction of total food crop production in the District and other areas around Lake Victoria zone by
2090 is predicted12,13,14,15. In addition, the increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events is
expected to increase livestock mortality, decreased wild fish catches and abundance. Therefore, under the
likely future conditions of climate change, district food insecurity will be intensified and vulnerability of
local communities to climate shocks will be increased as livelihoods underpinned by fishing and livestock
activities including agriculture will strongly be marginalized. Because livelihoods and several economic,
livelihood activities and social life if communities in Bunda are reliant on natural resources, climate
change may indirectly result in negative socio-economic effects and failures of the existed community
social systems.
1.3.4 Climate Change and gender issues in Bunda district
In Bund district, climate shocks such as irregular rain and periods of drought and heavy rainfall are
affecting anyone that relies on agricultural related sectors for survival. Moreover, the effects of climate
change are particularly pronounced on vulnerable groups such as the poor and women in the district 15. In
most cases, data in the district indicate that, women are the most affected group by all climate related

11
URT,2014: Agriculture Climate Resilience Plan 2014-2019
12
TMA 2014, Climate change projection for Tanzania.
13 UNDP 2010, Climate change country profiles: Improving the accessibility of observed and projected climate change information for studies of
climate change in developing countries.
14 Wambura et al (2014). Projections based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) model using Mid-Century
Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. A total of twenty global circulation models (GCMs) were downscaled based on the eleven
Tanzania climatological zones using thirteen synoptic weather stations.
15
Bwire,M.K (2018) Tackling "Climate Change” in Bunda district: Can Integration of Ecosystem-Based-Approach (EBA) and Community-Based- Approach
(CBA) be more effective? Perspectives from grass-root communities, unpublished paper
6
effects and disasters as their ability to adapt these event is poor. In addition, unequal access and control
over assets mean that men and women do not have the same adaptive capacity and bear a
disproportionate burden of climate change consequences due to their social roles, poverty and intra-
household inequity16. Women are especially vulnerable to seasonal, episodic weather and natural disasters
because of their responsibility for water procurement and household care, roles in securing food and fuel
wood, reliance on low technology for agriculture and greater exposure to risk in crisis and severe weather
events that may have been by climate by climate change. For instance, it is now common practices in the
district for women to undertake more responsibilities during famine and reconstruction of homesteads
while most men often emigrate and take refuge to other places away. Moreover, climate change induced
water scarcity and food shortage in the district has been linked with the increased conflict within
households, including incidents of gender based violence and abandonment. Children especially school
girls are also considered more at risk to climate change effects as they could more easily get sick or hurt
due to the instability of the home and more often are pulled out of schools. The proposed project will take
into consideration various gender roles in various activities and by use of such information develop
gender sensitive and segregated adaptation mechanisms to combat adverse effects of climate change.
1.4 Scope of the project and location of project areas
The project will implement concrete resilience and adaptation measures in selected communities of
Bunda District. The priority areas will include sustainable Socio-economic development and
environmental management with key activities in the water, agriculture, fishery, livestock, forests and
ecosystems management. The project areas cut across various Divisions, Wardsand Villages of Bund
District as shown in Table 2: The project areas are spread across the district among communities with
diverse cultures who derive their livelihoods from the environment and are most vulnerable to the effects
of climate change. The selected project areas have significant water deficit and food shortage status that
makes the inhabitants more vulnerable to climate change.

Figure: Map of Bunda district showing the project area

16
Bunda district Ciuncil,2018
7
1.5 Project objectives
The project will specifically target the most vulnerable groups who have less resource to adapt to climate
change in Bunda and is built on the principles of local empowerment through engagement of vulnerable
and grassroots communities such as farmer groups and village governments and community groups.
Therefore, the overall objective of this project is to enhance resilience and adaptive capacity to effects of
climate change while reduce vulnerability of selected communities in Bunda District. Specifically, the
proposed project will be addressing the following objectives;
i) Enhancing Climate resilience for improved access to rural water supply system in selected drought
prone agro-pastoral communities of Bunda district;
ii) Improve agricultural productivity, livelihood and agro-ecosystem resilience through Climate Smart
EVA practices;
iii) Promote paradigm shift of small scale fishers for sustainable income and climate resilient rural
livelihood through aquaculture innovations in selected villages of Bunda district;
iv) Improve ecological and environmental services and functions to sustain climate sensitive rural
livelihoods in selected rural communities of Bunda District;
v) Strengthen market value chain of agricultural products to enhance climate resilient livelihood
systems in Bunda district; and
vi) Strengthening institutional capacity and knowledge management on climate change adaptation.

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1.6. Project Components and Financing
Project Expected Concrete Expected Amount
Indicative activities
Components Outputs Outcomes (US$)
1.1.1 Rehabilitate/Construct piped water
supply schemes in drought prone agro-
pastoral communities at Neruma ,Iramba
1.1: Climate and Kisorya Wards of Bunda district
resilient rural water
1.1.2 Construct/ and or rehabilitate water
supply system
storage structures and network system of the
established in selected
three pumped water schemes in Iramba,
drought prone agro-
Neruma and Kisorya sites
pastoral communities of
1.1.4 Drill boreholes in selected drought
Bunda district
prone villages uncovered with piped water
systems and Install solar energy driven
water pumps
Enhanced
1.1.5 Construct storage tanks and Water
climate
1. Enhancing Kiosk/Network for the drilled boreholes
resilient water
Climate 1.2: Water troughs
management
resilience for cattle constructed in
and supply
through water selected agro-pastoral 1.2.1 Construct troughs for livestock water
system in 450,000.00
supply system of communities in Bunda system in selected dry villages in agro-
vulnerable
the drought district to improved pastoral communities in Bunda District
agro-pastoral
prone agro- water availability
communities
pastoral during drought and dry
of Bunda
communities periods
District
1.3 Establishment of 1.3.1 Establish and/or strengthen water
Community Owned governance structures (COWSOs) to better
Water Supply manage water source protection, equitable
Organization(COWSO water allocation for human and other uses,
s) facilitated and their and revenue collection.
functional committee 1.3.2 Establish by laws for regulating
members trained on effective use of water resources and
operational and protection of water harvesting structures;
maintenance in Bunda document and disseminate success
District information and resilience value of water
interventions to communities through
learning and practice platforms
2.1.1 Rehabilitate/improve the unlined Improved
traditional irrigation schemes in Namhura, agricultural
2. Improving
2.1 Climate Smart EVA Nansimo and Bulenda Bufwe villages and productivity,
agricultural
practices to improve increase the command area livelihood and
productivity,
food security through 2.1.2 Construct and establish drip irrigation agro-
livelihood and
small scale and micro- structures at Namhura, Nansimo and other ecosystem
enhancing agro-
irrigation schemes selected sites in Bunda district resilience 400,000.00
ecosystem
enhanced in selected through
resilience
villages of Bunda 2.1.3 Facilitate increased use of drought Climate Smart
through Climate
district tolerant and early maturing crop varieties by EVA practices
Smart EVA
farmers using locally available agro- in selected
practices
varieties village
communities
3. Promoting [Link] fishing 3.1.1 train on the implement effective and
paradigm shift of practices transformed efficient methods (pond and cage faming) Traditional
small scale for improved climate for fish fishing 120,000.00
fishers for resilient livelihood and culture techniques at Nyarugoma, Buguma practices of
sustainable sustainable income and Isanju villages of Bunda District small scale

9
Project Expected Concrete Expected Amount
Indicative activities
Components Outputs Outcomes (US$)
income and generating activities in fishers
climate resilience selected villages of transformed
1.2 Facilitate availability and improvement
livelihood Bunda District. and’ income
of fish feeds formulation and disease
through fish improved
management techniques and construction of
farming through
fish ponds at Nyarugoma, Buguma and
innovations in climate
Isanju villages of Bunda District
selected villages sensitive
of Bunda District aquaculture
innovation
[Link] ecological 4.1.1 Establish and implement ecological
and environmental restoration and rehabilitation plans (hills, Improved
services and functions mountainous and woodland restored and ecological and
to sustain climate conserved) in selected Wards and Villages environmental
sensitive rural of Bunda District services and
livelihoods in selected 4.1.2 Promote bee keeping activities in functions to
rural communities of woodland land and mountainous systems sustain climate
Bunda District and fruit plants as improved ecosystem sensitive rural
4. Improve based income generating activities livelihoods in
ecological and 4.1.3 Mobilize enclosure systems in Bunda District
environmental degraded ecosystems to promote natural
services and regeneration and recovery of ecological
functions to Integrated management functions and explore the use of
sustain climate of environmental and local/traditional institutions to strengthen 120,000.00
sensitive rural ecological systems management of sensitive ecological systems.
livelihoods in implanted to sustain 4.1.4 Engage farmers in tree planting on
selected rural climate sensitive rural surrounding residential areas, along streets
communities of livelihood and roadsides and degraded landscapes and
Bunda District establish ecological schools in selected
villages
4.1.5 Enhance access and use of efficient
firewood and charcoal stoves, explore and
support commercialization of energy
efficient stoves
4.1.6 Reduce dependence on forestry for
household energy access by introducing
biogas technology to communities
5.1Strengthen market 5.1.1 Provide relevant knowledge and skills Market value
5. Strengthen
value chains of to farmers/producers on production and chain of
market value
agricultural products/on value addition on agricultural products and agricultural
chain of
farm and off farm link them to local, district, zonal, national products
agricultural
enterprises/products/ and international markets strengthened
products to
(e.g. maize, rice, 5.1.2 Build business skills of rural farmer and livelihood
enhance
cassava, beans, sesame, groups and link producers with private of rural
livelihood
soya, horticultural sector and micro finance institutions to communities
improvement of 51,000.00
crops, honey, timber, improve negotiation skills and create improved to
rural
charcoal, fruit profitable markets enhance their
communities
processing, fish, adaptive
under climate
livestock products such capacity to
change and 5.1.3 Facilitate construction of post-harvest
as milk,) for improved effects of
variability management centers in selected village
climate resilient climate
induced stress. samples
livelihood systems in variability and
the project sites change
6. Strengthening 6.1.1 Training of government stakeholders:
institutional [Link] of the technical staff, community groups and civil Strengthened
40,000.00
capacity and district and society in climate risk management and institutional
knowledge communities in Bunda project measures for further scaling up capacity to

10
 Project Expected Concrete Expected Amount
Indicative activities
Components Outputs Outcomes (US$)
management on is strengthened to 6.1.2 Communicate and share knowledge reduce risks
climate change respond to extreme generated through project implementation in associated
adaptation weather events Bund district, National and International with climate-
communities induced
socio-
economic
6.1.3 Sharing project results and lessons
losses and
learned and mainstreaming climate change
livelihood
adaptation approaches in district planning
failures in
Bunda district
1. Project execution cost 110,000.00
2. Total Project cost 1,151,000.00
3. Project cycle Management Fee charged by the Implementing Entity 119,000.00
4. Amount of financing requested 1,400,000.00

Projected Calendar:
Milestones Expected Dates
Start of Project Implementation July 2019
Mid-term Review August 2021
Project Closing (6 months after project completion) December 2023
Terminal Evaluation September 2023

PART II: PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

PARTII A: Describe the project / programme components, particularly focusing on the concrete
adaptation activities, how these activities would contribute to climate resilience, and how they would
build added value through the regional approach, compared to implementing similar activities in each
country individually. For the case of a programme, show how the combination of individual projects
would contribute to the overall increase in resilience
Bunda district is part of the Serengeti ecosystem, largely with a semi-arid weather system. Although
agriculture is the major livelihood activity, it has depended on the rainfall patterns of the region.
However, the district rainfall pattern is not reliable, it is erratic and less than most crop requirements.
Thus communities are highly exposing to climate impacts. This necessitates for alternative district
resilience plan that will ensure communities’ livelihood support water supply systems, agriculture system
and fisheries within the district. More will be needed for strengthening the implementation of various
resilience plans. These will necessitate the inclusion of improvement of ecological and environmental
services, market value chain improvements and institutional capacity enhancements.
In order to achieve the set objectives, the project will focus on both implementation of concrete on-
ground adaptation activities in the selected sites vulnerable rural communities and strengthening
institutional capacity across the Departments in the district. The project implementation approach will
include six components, as are detailed below:
Component 1: Enhancing Climate resilience through water supply system of the drought prone
agro-pastoral communities
Outcome 1: Resilient rural water supply system in selected drought prone agro-pastoral
communities of Bunda District
Output 1.1: Enhanced climate resilience for improved access to rural water supply system in
selected drought prone agro-pastoral communities of Bunda District
Rural communities rely directly on climate-impacted natural water resources for their water supply and
improvement of livelihoods. These impacts are already occurring, and future projections for climate
change indicate enormous potential disruption of almost all natural springs and seasonal rivers which has
been their traditional water sources. Such substantial climatic change will further increase water scarcity
areas, to detrimental effect of almost all rural communities in drought prone villages. This output is
11
proposed to put climate resilient rural water supply and piped scheme through rehabilitation of previous
water system/source installations and damaged piped water systems in proposed site, establish and extend
new networks in other vulnerable villages. The old systems was built in 1970s and was grounded in the
1980s while some few important structures like house pumps storage tanks still exist. This piped and
resilient rural water supply will pipe water from Lake Victoria as is considered stable to climate shocks
when compared to natural springs and seasonal rivers which dries in every dry season.
The indicative activities to be implemented under Output 1.1 are:
1.1.1 Rehabilitate/Construct piped water supply schemes in the drought prone agro-pastoral
communities at Neruma, Iramba and Kisorya Wards of Bunda district
1.1.2 Construct/ and or rehabilitate water storage structures and network system of the three pumped
water schemes in Iramba, Neruma and Kisorya sites
1.1.3 Rehabilitate / construct for extension of the piped water network system in drought prone
communities of villages in Iramba, Namhura and Neruma Wards
1.1.4 Drill boreholes in selected drought prone villages uncovered with piped water systems and
Install solar energy driven water pumps
1.1.5 Construct storage tanks and Water Kiosk/Network for the drilled boreholes
Output 1.2: Water troughs for cattle constructed in selected agro-pastoral communities in
Bunda district to improved water availability during drought and dry periods
This will increase resilient of the livestock sector which has been suffering from disastrous effects of
climate change. Over a decade now, cattle have been dying because of water and fodder shortage due to
drought effects. Improvement of water availability for cattle will build adaptive capacity of vulnerable
agro-pastoral communities in drought prone villages of Bunda district. The output will enhance growth of
the livestock sector, contributes to diversity household income activities by allowing the sector to grow
and prevent death of cattle during drought and dry periods.
The indicative activity to be implemented under Output 1.2 is:
1.2.1 Construct troughs for livestock water system in selected dry villages in agro-pastoral
communities in Bunda District
Output 1.3: Community Owned Water Supply Organization (COWSOs) established and their
functional committee members trained on management, operational and
maintenance in Bunda District.
This output is proposed to put good and sustainable institutional structure to manage community and
village climate resilient water supply system in the project sites. The output suggests establishment
of Community Owned Water Supply Organization (COWSOs), which will be trained on group
management and dynamics, maintenance and operations of the rural water systems. Financial and
procurement systems in relation to COWSOs will also be facilitated under this output. The indicative
activities to be implemented under Output 1.3 are:
1.3.1 Establish and/or strengthen water governance structures (COWSOs) to better manage water
source protection, equitable water allocation for human and other uses, and revenue collection
1.3.2 Establish by laws for regulating effective use of water resources and protection of water
harvesting structures; document and disseminate success information and resilience value of
water interventions to communities through learning and practice platforms
Component 2: Improving agricultural productivity, livelihood and enhancing agro-ecosystem
resilience through Climate Smart EVA practices
Outcome 2: Improved agricultural productivity, livelihood and agro-ecosystem resilience through
Climate Smart EVA practices in selected village communities of Bunda District
Output 2.1 Climate Smart EVA practices to improve food security through small scale and
micro-irrigation schemes enhanced in selected villages of Bunda district
The agricultural sector in Bunda district and Tanzania at large is facing many challenges including poor
farming practices and reliance on erratic rainfall patterns. Climate change and variability has exacerbated
these challenges rendering the agriculture sector more vulnerable thus heightened food insecurity in the
district. Some of climate change impacts affecting agriculture include droughts, decline an unpredictable
in rainfall patterns, increased crop pests and diseases among others. The selected sites experience
prolonged droughts and erratic rainfall resulting in serious crop failures. This makes individuals in these
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areas more vulnerable to food insecurity, and hence, less resilient to climate change. To enhance the
viability and success of food production, the component and the output will promote climate sensitive-
irrigation system in selected areas based on the existing traditional structures, previous irrigation activities
and introducing new ones. Therefore, this output intends to increase resilience of farmers to climate
change by improving infrastructures, crop diversification, innovations and production by enhancing small
and micro irrigation schemes in the selected villages. The details of the selected sites will be provided
during development of the full proposal. The indicative activities to be implemented under Output 2.1 are:
2.1.1 Rehabilitate/improve the unlined traditional irrigation schemes in Namhura and other selected
villages and increase the command area
2.1.2 Construct and establish drip irrigation structures at Namhura and other selected sites in Bunda
district
2.1.3 Facilitate increased use of drought tolerant and early maturing crop varieties by farmers using
locally available agro-varieties
Component 3: Promoting paradigm shift of small scale fishers for sustainable income and climate
resilience livelihood through fish farming innovations in selected villages of Bunda
District
Outcome 3: Traditional fishing practices of small scale fishers transformed and fishers’ income
improved through climate sensitive aquaculture innovations in selected fishing
communities of Bunda District
Output 3.1: Traditional fishing practices transformed for improved climate livelihood and
sustainable income generating activities resilient in selected villages of Bunda District.
The decrease in wild fish catches in lake Victoria were reported as early as 1970s. The records show that,
number of native fish species has disappeared or have decreased to very low levels and the lake's
ecosystem and food web also have changed and indeed are still in the process of changing, thus affecting
the fisheries and the lake resources in general. The low seasonal rainfall, prolonged drought, dry weather
and pollution along lakes contributes much on stock decrease while clearing of the peripheral wetlands,
which served as fish nursery grounds are seriously affecting the fisheries and the lake resources in
general. The decline in fish stock around Bunda areas as part of the Lake Victoria is projected to intensify
by the current and future climate trajectories. It is apparent that poor and susceptible rural and small scale
fishing communities in Bunda are even forced deeper into poverty and face further livelihood problems,
predominantly driven by climate change. There have always been dry and wet seasons in the District with
the general declining rainfall trend and with high magnitude effects on fish abundance and availability in-
terms of catch. Small fishers have managed to deal with seasonal variations; however rainfall fluctuation
has been a continuous stressing factor and an important reason for the low overall fish catches linked to
market failures, high poverty rates and poor standard of living among small scale fishers.
In order to ensure that small scale fishers and vulnerable fishing communities and their fishery systems
are climate resilient in the District, this output and component 3, proposes the following indicative
activities.
3.1.1 Implement effective and efficient methods (pond and cage faming) for fish culture techniques at
Nyarugoma, Buguma and Isanju villages of Bunda District
3.1.2 Train community for improving fish farming knowledge and fishing options in the district
3.1.3 Facilitate availability and improvement of fish feeds formulation and disease management
techniques and construction of fish ponds at Nyarugoma, Buguma and Isanju villages of Bunda
District
3.1.4 Provide reliable hatchery of high quality fingerings to support fish farming activities in the
district
Component 4: Improve ecological and environmental services and functions to sustain climate
sensitive rural livelihoods in selected rural communities of Bunda District
Outcome 4: Improvement of ecological and environmental services functioning to sustain climate
sensitive rural livelihoods in Bunda District
Output4.1: Integrated management of environmental and ecological systems to sustain climate
sensitive rural livelihood and energy source diversification in selected villages of Bunda
District implemented

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The ongoing degradation of environmental and ecological systems coupled with climate change issues
has reduced the coverage of forests and woodlands and the availability of associated goods including
accelerating land degradation and water catchments in Bunda. Across the district, wetlands have been
severely degraded as a result of inter alia: a) use of forestry as a source of energy b) intensive cultivation
of crops such as sweet potatoes and horticultural crops; c) excavation of sand and clay for brickworks;
and d) grazing activities. This component and the proposed output activities seek to establish and
implement ecological restoration and rehabilitation plans and restoration activities of hills, mountainous
and woodland systems. The output will implement Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) activities such as
Promote bee keeping activities in woodland land and mountainous systems and fruit plants as income
generating activities. The indicative activities to be implemented under Output 4.1are:
4.1.1 Establish and implement district, Divisions, Ward and villages’ ecological restoration and
rehabilitation plans (hills, mountainous and woodland restored and conserved)
4.1.2 Promote bee keeping activities in woodland land and mountainous systems and fruit plants as
improved ecosystem based income generating activities
4.1.3 Mobilize enclosure systems in degraded lands to promote natural regeneration and recovery of
ecological functions and explore the use of local/traditional institutions to strengthen
management of sensitive ecological systems.
4.1.4 Engage farmers in tree planting on surrounding residential areas, along streets and roadsides
and degraded landscapes and establish ecological schools in selected villages
4.1.5 Enhance access and use of efficient firewood and charcoal stoves, explore and support
commercialization of energy efficient stoves
4.1.6 Introduce biogas technology for reducing use of forestry for household energy needs
Component 5: Strengthening market value chain of agricultural products to enhance livelihood
improvement of rural communities under climate change and variability induced
stress.
Outcome 5: Strengthening of market value chains of agricultural products/on farm and off-
farm enterprises/products/ (e.g. maize, rice, cassava, beans, sesame, soya,
horticultural crops, honey, timber, charcoal, fruit processing, fish, livestock
products such as milk,) for improved climate resilient livelihood systems in the
project sites
Output 5.1 Market value chain of agricultural products strengthened and livelihood of rural
communities improved to enhance climate variability and change adaptive
capacity
This component intends to enhance and solve market failures of agricultural produces and promote
market based interventions as described at component 1, 2, 3 and 4 above. The indicative activities of this
output are strongly linked to the observed vulnerability levels of rural communities to climate driven
effects. Implementation of these activities will therefore, leverage the outcome at component 1,2,3 and 4
to build climate resilience and adaptive capacity of vulnerable and poor communities while ensuring
gender equality in the project sites. The indicative activities to be implemented under Output 5.1are:
5.1.1 Provide relevant knowledge and skills to farmers/producers on production and value addition
on agricultural products and link them to local, district, zonal, national and international markets
5.1.2 Build business skills of rural farmer groups and link producers with private sector and micro
finance institutions to improve negotiation skills and create profitable markets
5.1.3 Facilitate construction of post-harvest management centers in selected village samples
Component 6: Strengthening institutional capacity and knowledge management on climate change
adaptation
Outcome 6: Strengthened institutional capacity to reduce risks associated with climate-induced
Socio-economic losses and livelihood failures in Bunda district
Output 6.1: Capacity of the district and communities in Bunda is strengthened to respond to
extreme weather events
The outcome and output activities of this component are designed to strengthen the foundational
capacities required by the implementers by improving their absorption of new measures. This will support
the communities to continue implementing measures that are necessary for success of resilience bcapacity
building and for the ongoing replication of adaptation strategies in the district; hence this component,
14
when implemented is expected to make a lasting contribution to the sustainability of all climate change
adaptation measures in the district and beyond. The output will facilitate integration of good adaptation
practices into existing development planning at community levels, village and ward development plans.
Enhancing knowledge management system and capacities for planning, coordination and implementation
at the local level is critical to guarantee effective climate adaptation in the district.
The indicative activities to be implemented under Output 5.1are:
6.1.1 Training of government stakeholders: technical staff, community groups and civil society in
climate risk management and project measures for further scaling up.
6.1.2 Communicate and share knowledge generated through project implementation in Bund
district, National and International communities
6.1.3 Sharing project results and lessons learned and mainstreaming climate change adaption
approaches in district planning
B. Describe how the project / programme provides economic, social and environmental benefits, with
particular reference to the most vulnerable communities, and vulnerable groups within communities,
including gender considerations. Describe how the project / programme will avoid or mitigate negative
impacts, in compliance with the Environmental and Social Policy of the Adaptation Fund. (Refer Annex
I)
Each of the project components will significantly contribute to economic, social and environmental
development of selected vulnerable communities in Bunda. The interventions identified for
implementation will improve adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable community members which will
result in both environmental and economic gains. Through these economic gains, the project will also
deliver significant social benefits.
i) Environmental benefits
This project will have several environmental benefits, including contribution to climate change
mitigation, biodiversity conservation and behavioral change. This project have special component on
improving functions and services of ecological and environmental systems and it aims to increase
availability of forest cover through trees planting by establishing community owned nurseries and invest
in reforestation and restoration of degraded terrestrial systems including hills and mountains. A need for
cooking fuel is a major cause of mass tree felling to produce firewood and charcoal. It will also introduce
pilot installation of biogas digester which will reduce wood and wood product dependence. One of the
output activities under component 5 is to introduce and institutionalize of energy saving stoves by
replacing traditional ones. Reversing the ongoing degradation of environmental and ecological systems
and enhancing adaptation activities through EVA practices, is expected to contribute over 50% of forest
regeneration and cover including woodlands and water resources availability, compared to the baseline
scenario. The project will contribute to reverse bad practices of fishers, livestock keepers and farmers.
Under component 2 and 4, the project proposes to implement ecological restoration and rehabilitation
plans and restoration activities of hills, mountainous and woodland systems through and (EbA) activities.
Overall environmental benefits of implementing the project will therefore be over 50% from the current
baseline data and it is sustainable, it can be going beyond the project borders.
ii) Economic benefits
The project components will ensure sustainable utilization of the natural resources for the communities’
development of the district. Thus contributing to the economy, social and environment of Bunda district.
The suggested interventions strategies are for improving adaptive capacity of most vulnerable
disadvantaged community members such as women in order to provide them with economic gains. In
particular, the activities outlined in each output of the component on enhancing climate resilience
agricultural, fishery, and livestock production systems to improve food security among selected most
vulnerable communities will benefit them as follows: The project will lead to increased agriculture and
livestock production and move vulnerable communities beyond subsistence farming to selling excess
crops and stock for income. This project will also aim at building on impressive gains from agriculture,
fishery and livestock production by organising the communities into sustainable marketing and credit
cooperatives known as SACCOs. This is because the livelihoods of smallholder farmers are often
constrained by poor access to markets and limited entrepreneurial skills, which hinders the economic
development by limiting the economic base of the most vulnerable communities. The business

15
cooperative approach has proven in various parts of the country to be the strongest driver of income
generation. By increasing the scale of their combined outputs, the social-cooperative model will
maximize their bargaining power and gain better access to markets and credit. The cooperative will also
benefit their members through skills training in agricultural techniques and business practices. Detailed
quantification of economic benefits will be provided when developing the full proposal of this project.
iii) Social benefits
With improved economic and generally livelihood activities, the interventions are expected to provide
social solution to vulnerable community members and most disadvantaged groups. The social benefits
from this project are manifolds, mostly related to economic empowerment. All components offer social
benefits to marginalize and poor vulnerable rural communities including Women and school girls and
youth. The project inspires to improve water systems and food security, thus solving social the existed
social conflicts at household levels due to water scarcity, famine and food insecurity. School dropout will
also be solved as well including improving sanitation issues at household and public institutions. The
observed malnutrition challenges will also be tackled through various output activities of this project
especially activities at component 2,3 and 4. Protein availability will be also enhanced as well. Families
and communities will be better able to invest in their own healthcare and education for their children as
most of interventions will improve social livelihood systems in the project areas.
PART IIC. Describe or provide an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of the proposed project /
programme.
a) Cost effectiveness from a technical perspective
The Investment-cost-effectiveness under the proposed project is rooted in its unique, new approach
towards tackling the increasing climate change impacts in the vulnerable rural areas of Bunda district.
The approach proposed here contrasts with the traditional approach of tackling both development and
environmental related challenges. The cost effectives of this project is built in its interventions to tackle
the specific climate driven challenges at grassroots and local levels (with adverse impacts on livelihood
systems, disruption of ecosystem and high incidence of poverty (especially income poverty). There is
alarming data on the declining availability of basic needs including food and water supply in targeted
village communities /rural areas of the district. With increasing impacts of climate change, the district
authority will no longer be able to afford uncoordinated and low carbon development pathway. It is
therefore imperative that, investments in development for poverty reduction have to be combined with
investment in climate resilience and the need of improving the key livelihood sectors like water,
agriculture, livestock and fishery to be more climate proof.

Using the integrated and community rooted innovations and Ever-Green-Agriculture (EVA) practices to
implement project interventions, bears the potential to become an important future Cost-effective
implementation strategy of climate resilient projects for the district and up-scaling the approach to
national, regional and international levels. This will promote sustainability of multi-purpose climate
actions, protection of natural resources and climate resilience for the people. Thus, cost effectiveness
and its impact of this project will be widely seen from climate change adaptation to climate change
mitigation potentials through smart field interventions/actions. The cost of each component against the
number of beneficiaries is shown in the Table below.
Cost in US$
Project component No. of beneficiaries
interventions
Component 1: Enhancing Climate resilience through water supply
450,000.00 102,365 households
system of the drought prone agro-pastoral communities
Component 2: Improving agricultural productivity, livelihood and
400,000.00
enhancing agro-ecosystem resilience through Climate Smart EVA 345,786 people
practices
Component 3: Promoting paradigm shift of small scale fishers for
sustainable income and climate resilience livelihood through fish 120,000.00 7,672 households
farming innovations in selected villages of Bunda District

16
 Cost in US$
Project component No. of beneficiaries
interventions
Component 4: Improve ecological and environmental services and Over 400,000 people in the district.
functions to sustain climate sensitive rural livelihoods in selected rural 120,000.00 The benefit effect goes far beyond the
communities of Bunda District project areas and the district
Component 5: Strengthen market value chain of agricultural products
to enhance livelihood improvement of rural communities under climate Over 250,000 people in rural areas of
51,000.00
change and variability induced stress. Bunda district

Component 6: Strengthening institutional capacity and knowledge Over 200 people, technical and other
management on climate change adaptation 40,000.00 stakeholders in the project areas

b) Cost effectiveness from a project management perspective

The Project Implementation Unit (including the coordinators) will be based in the project area. This will
enable the best use of resources and reduce project management costs, as well as provide closer oversight
of project activities and the progress of the project’s technical components. The project will also use the
existing infrastructures available in the district headquarters, all utility bills for project staff will be
covered by the district. The recruitment and participation of community itself and volunteers in project
implementation will build local capacity, utilize local knowledge and deliver project outputs with
relatively less investment cost as well as enhance the sustainability of project interventions. It is expected
that, involvement of community in implementation of project involvement will leverage the cost by 40%.
This makes the project management approach to be more cost effective and will increase the project value
by almost over 40% on ground. Moreover, project resources will go straight to the beneficiaries.
Adaptation Fund’s resources will be carefully managed to achieve effectiveness and value for money. The
detailed Cost-effectiveness will be further analysed during full proposal development stage.
PART IID: Describe how the project / programme is consistent with national or sub-national sustainable
development strategies, including, where appropriate, national or sub- national development plans,
poverty reduction strategies, national communications, or national adaptation programs of action, or
other relevant instruments, where they exist.
The proposed project is and will be implemented in line and consistent with various development
policies, strategies and plans of the United Republic of Tanzania including the Development Vision
2025, Tanzania’s second Five year development plan (2016/2021), the Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions (INDCs, 2014), the National Climate Change Strategy (URT, 2012), the Tanzania
National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA, 2007), the First and the Second national
Communication to the UNFCCC, the Roadmap of the National Adaptation Plan, and the Bunda District
Strategic Plan (2016/2021) which recognize the growing negative impacts of climate change and sets
initiatives of tackling its effects. In line with Sustainable Development Goals to take urgent action to
combat climate change and its impacts, it is necessary to develop the project with concrete actions in
solving such problems for Bunda district which are not necessarily similar to other parts of the Tanzania.
Selected national policies, plans, strategies and development goals with which the project is aligned are
presented in the table below. Alignment is indicated at component level, but this will further be detailed
during the development of the full proposal.

17
S/No Selected national policies, plans, strategies and development
1 National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA, 2007)
Components 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the project are aligned with NAPA Priorities 1, 2 and 3, Priority 1, focuses on
improving food security in drought prone areas. The priority 3, focuses on improving water availability to
drought stricken communities, while the Priority 3 focuses on climate change adaptation through participatory
reforestation and includes awareness on climate change adaptation through community participatory efforts.
2 National Development Vision 2025
The objective of the Vision is to build a globally-competitive and resilient economy and to increase the
quality of life for all citizens. The Vision proposes transforming Tanzania from a LDC to a middle -income
country by 2025. The vision will create the enabling environment for socio -economic development in
Tanzania. The identified objectives of the Vision include tacking environmental a nd climate change
challenges. Therefore, through its six Components, the interventions of the project are therefore strongly
aligned with the Vision.
3 National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (2011)
The objective of the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty is to increase the economic
growth and productivity to reduce poverty through the: i) efficient use and development of factors of
production (including human capital); and ii) strengthening and establishing well-functioning institutions
and markets. The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty also recognizes that to promote
food and nutrition security and water availability in Tanzania, water resources, fishery, crops and livestock
need to be made resilient to the future effects of climate change. The project is therefore aligned with the
National Strategy for
Growth and Reduction of Poverty through the interventions of Components 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
4 Country Strategy Paper (2011-2015)
The Country Strategy Paper promotes the creation of an enabling environment to realise the 2025 national
development vision. In collaboration with the Germany Government, the United Republic of Tanzania is
developing a National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (NAP) to address the effects of climate change in the
country. Therefore, through Components 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 the project is aligned with Country Strategy Paper.
5 National Climate Change Strategy 2012
The goal of the Strategy is to enable Tanzania to effectively adapt to climate change and participate in global
efforts to mitigate climate change with a view to achieving sustainable development. The strategy focuses on
reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience to the impacts of climate change. The specific objectives of the
Strategy are:- To enhance resilience of ecosystems to the challenges posed by climate change; To enable
accessibility and utilization of the available climate change opportunities through implementation; To
enhance participation in climate change mitigation activities that lead to sustainable development; To enhance
public awareness on climate change; To enhance information management on climate change; and To put in
place a better institutional arrangement to adequately address climate change. Components 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of
this project are strongly in align with almost all objectives of the National Climate Change Strategy 2012.
6 The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) take a broad approach on environmental sustainability and have
been adopted and implemented in the United Republic of Tanzania and in Bunda District. This project will
contribute to the following SDGs; SDG 5 – Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, by
promoting gender equity throughout the project and targeting women in specific project activities. SDG 6 – Ensure
availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, by implementing interventions under
Component 1. SDG 13 – Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, all components are in line
with the SDC 13. SDG 15 – Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably
manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss through
the implementation of Components 2 and 4 and EVA practices
7 th
The project also is in coherence with The 4 East African Community Development Strategy (EACDS),
which outlines broad strategic goals of the EAC as well as specific targets to promote infrastructure development
and economic growth, including emphasis on reducing or mitigating the negative effects of climate change on
agriculture and food security.

18
 S/No Selected national policies, plans, strategies and development
8 Bunda District Strategic Plan (2017/2018-2021/2022)
Among other issues, the Strategic Plan of Bunda District focuses to:-Improve Environmental Conservation,
Natural Resources and Land Management for sustainable development; Enhance, Sustain and Effective
Implementation of the National Ant-corruption strategy; Improve Access, Quality and Equitable Social services;
Increase in Quantity and Quality of social service and infrastructures such as Water systems; and Improve social
welfare, gender, participation and community empowerment in the district. The project Components, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6 are therefore linked to these objectives of the District Strategic Plan

PART IIE. Describe how the project / programme meets relevant national technical standards, where
applicable, such as standards for environmental assessment, building codes, etc., and complies with the
Environmental and Social Policy of the Adaptation Fund
The project is aligned with the requirements of the 2013 Environment and Social Policy of the
Adaptation Fund (see Section K). In addition, The project will be assisting in fulfilling some national
policies and strategies set by the United Republic of Tanzania and Bylaws set by the Bunda District.
Policies, governing the Environment, Water, Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock, Fishery and Local
Government administrations are key and relevant to the Project. All relevant national standards for
water, fishery, forestry, environment, agriculture and food security, land use planning will be
applicable during implementation of the proposed interventions of the project:. In addition, the project
will be subjected to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) specified in the National Environmental
Act, 2004, and will be conducted according to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and
Environmental Audit Regulations of 2005. Bunda District Council fully understands that it will be
responsible for risk management associated with the project activities including any environmental and
social risks presented by the proposed project where applicable. Bund District Council has adequately
reviewed the project concept note and classified the project in the C category as per the approved
Environmental and Social Policy by Adaptation Fund Board. There are no significant parts of the
proposed project that poses any serious threat or danger in regard to environment and social aspects
during implementation. However, in order to mainstream the environmental and social safeguards as
per the policy, the District together with the National Implementing Entity (NIE) will develop an
environmental and social risk management tool to assist in managing any environmental and social
risks in the project implementation process. This tool will in addition provide suitable interventions to
any identified areas that might introduce environmental and social threats. It is on this basis that it is
not feasible to have an environment and social plan at this early stage of the project development level.

PART IIF. Describe if there is duplication of project with other funding sources, if any.
The proposed components of this project and its interventions will as much as possible avoid any
duplication of actions and funding sources. In designing this project concept note all departs and actors in
the district and in the region secretariat were consulted at the pre concept note stage. Furthermore, during
the development of the full project proposal, the team of the proposed project will work closely
with the NIE and other National stakeholders. This approach therefore not only avoided duplication of
funding sources from other actors in the district but also ensured synergy of the components being
implemented. The proposed input of activities are not funded elsewhere and will complement some of the
existing projects addressing, environmental issues, water availability, fishery, forestry and agriculture and
food security in the District. Thematic synergies will also be achieved. For instance, climate resilient
water management and supply system activities in component 1 will be used as input in in component 1,
to improve agricultural productivity, livelihood and agro-ecosystem resilience through Climate Smart
EVA practices the food security interventions and in components 3 and 4. The project will learn from the
experiences of the past and some existing initiatives for better management and implementation of
activities.
PART IIG. If applicable, describe the learning and knowledge management component to capture and
disseminate lessons learned.
The requested Adaptation Fund (AF) resources will be used to strengthen knowledge management
frameworks at the district and zonal level in the Lake Zone of the United Republic of Tanzania. One of
19
the key activities built into every component of the Project is that of climate change education and
awareness raising. Building awareness on the value of preserving ecosystem services and reducing the
impacts of climate change through participatory implementation and direct involvement of communities
in the project activities. Methods such as community field days, community trainings, tour and visits and
on farm/site demonstrations will be conducted in a participatory way. Participatory monitoring and
evaluation (M&E) focusing on outcomes and learning parameters to allow stakeholders control over
content and processes. This will help measure the effectiveness of the project, build ownership, and
promote accountability at various levels. Also the proposed project has set of activities under Component
6 which specifically focuses on sharing project results and lessons learned and mainstreaming new
approaches in local and district planning. The lessons will be disseminated through community group-to-
community fora (cross visits, community meetings etc.), enterprise development meetings, participatory
videos made by farmers/fishers/COWSOs to showcase local experiences, techniques and achievements,
and directly transmit messages to decision makers and donors, project reports and briefing notes, a project
website, as well as mass media outlets (newspapers, radio etc.) to promote a wider understanding of the
issues and the secondary uptake of successful approaches.
PARTII H. Describe the consultative process, including the list of stakeholders consulted, undertaken
during project preparation, with particular reference to vulnerable groups, including gender
considerations, in compliance with the Environmental and Social Policy of the Adaptation Fund.
The project’s Executing Entity, Bund District Council, consulted a wide range of stakeholders,
particularly local communities, during preparation of the Pre-concept note and the Concept Note. At the
outset of the Concept Note design process, a series of preliminary consultations with key stakeholders
was held in Kibara, Iramba and in Bunda districts between 6th and 9th October, 2018 to solicit viewpoints
and to better understand the problem, it’s root causes and potential interventions that would achieve
greater resilience to climate change shocks in Bunda District. The techniques used in these pre-
consultation visits were mainly expertise judgment, meetings with village administrators and community
members, Focus Group Discussions and cross departmental meetings in the District. Quick gender
analysis has also been undertaken as part of the Concept Note development process and to get good
understand on gender roles, power relations and to disaggregate women’s and men’s specific interests,
needs, and priorities as they relate to the proposed project.. This was done through district experts and
experiences and assisted to pre-examine women’s vulnerabilities to climate change in Bunda and how
gender relations determine adaptation strategies, how climate change affects women and men in different
ways and enabled all components proposed in this project to be gender sensitive and ensure gender
equality in the distribution of project benefits. In addition, review of climate change vulnerability analysis
has also been conducted by the project team to identify the most vulnerable groups within community
member in the district. The stakeholders consulted to date and those that will be consulted during the
development of the full project proposal are listed below.

Stakeholders Roles
Bunda District The District Councils Chairpersons and District Executive Directors and Councilors are important in
Headquarters driving the District development agenda. Currently the District Strategic Plan (SP), which sets out
development priorities for the next five years has been developed. Key actors within the District
include Officers in Environment, Agriculture, Fishery, Forestry, Water, Agriculture, Land and
Planning. District government offices also host a number of special development initiatives and
activities which are particularly relevant for the this project under the AF funding.

Sector government All sector Ministries relevant to this project are key and will be consulted in the full proposal
development stake and during the implementations. Sectors such as Agriculture, Forestry,
Environment, Fisheries, Livestock, water and Lands are key and will be broadly consulted.
Mara Regional The Regional Office in Mara region will be consulted and involved in project implementations as is
Secretariat Office key partner in development processes in Bunda District

20
 Stakeholders Roles
Cooperatives Prevalent across the project area, in Wards and Divisions, but vary greatly in degree of organization,
size and resources –from small associations with ten members that meet in people’s houses, to large
organizations with hundreds of members, permanent staff and offices. In some cases they appear to
partially substitute for government structures such as agricultural extension services and gap in
financial service provision in rural villages due to a lack of banks and the inability of poorer members
of society to access financial services.

Local NGOs and CBOs They are very few in number, and most of them are not active. Most NGOs initiatives are linked to
national level organizations. WWF, PSI, Mwibara Community Trust Fund World Vision including
CARE international in Tanzania appear to be the NGOs whose approaches align most with the project
concept.
Private Sector The private sector will be an important stakeholder and will to link villagers to markets, and carry out
some analytical work on local business opportunities.
Project beneficiaries Poor villages, mostly farmers, fishers, livestock keepers, women and youth groups in various project
sites are key stakeholders and will be involved widely.

PARTII I. Provide justification for funding requested, focusing on the full cost of adaptation
reasoning.
The economy of Bunda district is mainly based on the services and goods provided by the well functions
of ecological and climate systems. Degradation of these ecosystems through poor farming practices and
climate induced processes adversely affects the existed socio-ecological and livelihood systems and
human well-being of local communities in the District. The current climate change trend and the
continued global change in the climate system has affected provisions and economic growth of key
sectors like water, agriculture, fishery and livestock. The requested funds from Adaptation Fund, is
viewed to support direct implementation of climate smart innovations to build resilient livelihood
systems and facilitate transformation of traditional farming, fishing, grazing and water supply systems in
vulnerable communities of Bunda District, Mara region, Tanzania.
Component 1: Enhancing Climate resilience for improved access to rural water supply system in
selected drought prone agro-pastoral communities of Bunda district
Baseline scenario (without AF resources): Without the AF project, it is likely that the current trend of
water interventions and investment continue, with adaptation gaps particularly in villages where climate
threats present serious water scarcity. Extreme climate and weather driven events such as droughts, and
prolonged dry periods are more common across the district nowadays. Rainfall seasons and number of
rainy days has greatly changed and declined, affecting the existed and traditional water sources such as
seasonal rivers and natural springs and water wells. Communities are experiencing failures of their
traditional water resources and with no replacement or alternative as the resources in District are limited.
The climate driven water scarcity and the resulting socioeconomic consequences are now both pervasive
and complex in almost all villages in Bunda District. There are sufficient evidences that, women in most
rural areas are now forced to walk longer distances for searching water. Usually, they walk such longer
distances with heavy burden of water buckets, at even night times. For instance, such practices are now
more common in most villages in the district. Moreover, water scarcity driven by climate change related
events like droughts in the district has also been linked with the increased social group ( farmers and
livestock keepers) conflicts as well as conflicts within households, including incidents of gender based
violence and abandonment. Local communities in the project area have a low capacity to adapt such
induced water scarcity due to poverty levels. In addition, Bunda District and Tanzania Government been
in the list of Least Developed Countries have low adaptive capacity and inadequate financial resources
to assist. Additionality (with AF funding): The AF funding will be used to enhance investments for
climate resilient water management and supply system in vulnerable agro-pastoral communities of Bunda
District. The AF resources will assist in building climate salient water supply systems which meets the
current demand while avoiding future climate shocks to the water sector in the project areas. The improved
management and retention of surface waters will increase natural drainage and increase storage capacity so
that farming communities will have water to irrigate crops and women spend less time fetching water. The
empowerment of community groups, capacity building and the adoption of COWSOs will provide a more
21
secure water management structures as asset base and better to withstand the effects of climate change in
future.

Component 2: Improve agricultural productivity, livelihood and agro-ecosystem resilience through

Climate Smart EVA practices
Baseline scenario (without AF resources):Without the AF project, rural communities in Bunda Distrcit
will be left with little choice except to continue with their way of farming traditional practices, which are
already proven failures to every climate shocks each year. Food aid from the Sectral government has
been common practices. As explained at Section 1.1 of this Concept Note, in most villages food
insecurity has been the persistence problem. The under-developed markets for processed goods and non-
agricultural goods are major barriers to moving people out of marginal agriculture. If left silent with no
measures to improve agricultural productivity, livelihood and agro-ecosystem resilience through Climate
Smart EVA practices, this situation and the projected future climate change will continue to push people
into deeper poverty levels while disrupting long-term ecosystem resilience in the District. The
Government has prioritized livelihood improvement through Climate Smart Agriculture Action and the
Agriculture Sector Resilient Strategy and Action Plan and in its NAPA but lacks the necessary resources
to provide support on the required scale. Additionality (with AF funding): The AF resources will be
used to facilitate improvement of agricultural productivity, livelihood and agro-ecosystem resilience
through Climate Smart EVA practices in Bunda, to avoid future effect of climate change (including
increased mean annual temperatures and increased frequency and intensity of droughts) to the
agriculture sector and increase food security in rural communities of Bunda Districts. The proposed
interventions will support local communities particularly Women who currently depend on Rain fed
farming to increase their agriculture productivity and food security.
Component 3: Promote paradigm shift of small scale fishers for sustainable income and climate
resilience livelihood through aquaculture innovations.
Baseline scenario (without AF resources): Local communities in Bunda District are vulnerable to
climate change, including increased frequency and intensity of droughts and an increased variability in
rainfall patterns (see Brief background on what the project aims to solve for further details). In
particular, vulnerable communities are exposed to several negative effects of climate change, including
inter alia: i) reduced farming productivity; ii) reduced livestock productivity; and iii) decreased
availability of fish catches and abundances. The productivity of livelihoods of local communities within
the District particularly those underpinned by traditional wild fishing activities – will be reduced by
these negative effects of climate change. In addition, non climate-related challenges facing local fishers
are expected to worsen under the future conditions of climate change. The District and the sector
Ministry responsible has also failed to adequately address the challenges. As a result climate induced
effects coupled with other non-climatic factors have forced these vulnerable fishing communities into
unpredictable and poor catches, and therefore poor life quality. No much interventions in the district
plan to transform these communities into climate smart fishing practices and facilitate paradigm change
using integrated aquaculture innovations. Additionality (with AF resources): AF resources will be used
to implement on-the-ground activities to promote alternative fishing practices using proven aquaculture
techniques to local and poor fishers in Bunda District and transform them into to continue with climate
proof fish farming systems. The requested Resources from AF, will be used to establish climate resilient
post- harvest/processing and storage systems for safe handling, landing sites and storage of both farmed
and wild fish catches during extreme climate events (floods, rains). The resources will also assist to
institute and implement effective and efficient methods (pond and cage faming) for fish culture
techniques including facilitating availability and improvement of fish feeds formulation and disease
management and construction of fish ponds in selected areas in Bunda Districts
[Link] ecological and environmental services and functions to sustain climate
sensitive rural livelihoods in Bunda District
Baseline scenario (without AF resources): Despite income poverty challenges which are being
experienced in Bunda District, ecological and environmental services and functions which sustain climate
sensitive rural livelihoods plays key role in maintaining life and food security. For instance:- Forest
ecosystems such as woodlands, wooded grasslands and bush lands have been providing biomass energy
22
for cooking at house levels. Unfortunately, the ongoing deforestation has reduced the coverage of forests
and woodlands and the availability of associated goods including accelerating land degradation. Across
the district, wetlands have been severely degraded as a result of inter alia: a) intensive cultivation of crops
such as sweet potatoes and horticultural crops; b) excavation of sand and clay for brickworks; and c)
grazing activities. Fish abundance in the lake has declined as a result of intensive fishing efforts and
changes in Lake Victoria’s hydrology. Additionality (with AF resources): AF resources will be used to
implement concrete adapation activities to enhance integrated management of environmental and
ecological systems to sustain climate sensitive rural livelihood in Bunda District. The Requested will
assist to establish and implement district, Divisions, Ward and village ecological restoration and
rehabilitation plans and restoration activities of hills, mountainous and woodland systems. These
resources will facilitate and promote implementation of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) activities
such as Promote bee keeping activities in woodland land and mountainous systems and fruit plants as
income generating activities including engaging farmers in tree planting on surrounding residential areas,
along streets and roadsides and degraded landscapes. To reduce future degradation and induced climate
change impacts activities geared to enhance increased access and use of efficient firewood and charcoal
stoves and support commercialization of energy efficient stoves will funded under the AF financial
resources.
Component 6. Strengthening institutional capacity and knowledge management on climate change
adaptation
Baseline: (without AF resources): Bund District Council currently lacks the capacity and expertise to
support and scale up climate adaptation. Without the AF project, it is likely that the pace of adaptation
planning will be slow, with limited development of community based approaches and dissemination of
best practice. The most vulnerable community in villages are likely to continue unsustainable farming,
fishing and livestock keeping practices with increasing exposure to climate change risks while economic
opportunities remain limited. Additionality (with AF resources): With AF funding, community based
adaptation planning and best practices piloted during project implementation can be effectively shared
and communicated with key decision makers so that they can be replicated in other parts of the country.
Finally, building capacity of local institutions to plan and implement climate resilient and cost effective
interventions already indentified capacity shortfalls in the District and at local communities. The
requested resources from the AF will also facilitated sharing project results and lessons learned and
mainstreaming new approaches in district planning.
PARTII J. Describe how the sustainability of the project/programme outcomes has been taken into
account when designing the project / programme.
The project’s sustainability will be supported by emphasizing the active participation of community and
other stakeholders in decision-making and implementation of the project’s activities and
strengthening the institutional and technical capacity at community and district levels to ensure that
stakeholders have adequate knowledge and skill to maintain the benefits of the project’s interventions.
The participatory approach will root ownership of the project interventions firmly in the local
communities. By engaging communities in the design and implementation of the project and creating
COWSOs and Farmer/Fishers/Livestock Groups and community based agricultural enterprise development
schemes, the project will empower and build capacity of local people to continue adapting to climate
change risks. Community ownership will also ensure that the environmental gains are not reversed. The
proposed investment corresponds with Government Priorities set out in key national policy documents
including the Vision 2025, the Second Five Years Development Plan, Strategic Plan of Bund District
Council and the NAPA. Alignment with national priorities ensures Government commitment to project
objectives during and beyond implementation. The operation of the project out of the District Authority
Headquarters will also ensure that District, Sector and village level governments play a central role in
terms of project implementation and ensuring sustainability through the integration of adaptation plans
into District Performance Contracts to institutionalize and sustain community interventions. The use of
Community Animators to deliver project interventions will demonstrate the project’s commitment to
investing in local people and recognition that community members are best placed to lead project
implementation at the community level. The proposed project components and interventions of this
project are rooted in the sectors that touch everyday life of communities in Bunda. By supporting
23
 adaptation measures that address the factors that are exacerbating the impacts of increasing variation in
rainfall and increasing the resilience to long-term climate change risks, the proposed project provides a
longer-term, more sustainable solution. All water, fishery and agriculture development infrastructure
developed under this project will be well maintain sustainably by revenues generated as this project have
strong activities on value addition and market strategies of agricultural produces under component 5.
PART II K. Provide an overview of the environmental and social impacts and risks identified as being
relevant to the project / programme.
Checklist of No further
Risk and
Environmental assessment
potential Detail of potential risks Measures to address risk
and Social required for
impact
Principles compliance
The final project design will be compliant with all
Risk: Low
relevant district and national laws including
Compliance with international standards. To achieve this, during the
the Law
x Potential None anticipated development of the full project proposal, local , district
impact:
and national stakeholders will be consulted to ensure
High
that all relevant legal requirements are met.
The project design will ensure that project activities
Risk: Low will not reduce or prevent communities at project sites
from accessing basic health services, clean water and
Access and
Equity
x Potential None anticipated sanitation, energy, education, housing, safe and decent
impact: working conditions and land rights. But will enhance
Low availability of those basic human services in the
project areas
During the development of the full project proposal – to
Without extensive consultation
the maximum possible – marginal/ vulnerable groups
with marginal/vulnerable groups
will be consulted in the design of all on-the-ground
Risk: at the
activities. Transparent selection process will be
Moderate project sites and in training
undertaken which will comprise extensive and thorough
Marginalized exercises, it is probable that
consultation with local communities. In addition, the
and Vulnerable Potential project activities will exclude
project design will ensure that benefits accruing from
Groups impact: these marginal/vulnerable
the project interventions – including technology
Moderate/Hi groups, therefore preventing
transfer and awareness-raising activities – reach
gh them from accessing benefits –
marginalized and vulnerable groups in the district.
both in terms of resources and
Thus, the project will ensure that the adaptive capacity
training
of marginalized and vulnerable groups is enhanced.
To ensure that project interventions respect and adhere to
Risk: Low
the requirements of all relevant conventions on human
Potential
rights, district, national groups in this area will be
Human Rights X impact: None anticipated
consulted during the development of the full project
Moderate/
proposal.
High
The project design will therefore ensure that gender
considerations are included in all project interventions,
with a specific focus on activities on the ground
(Components 1 to 5). All consultative and participatory
Without extensive consultation processes will strive to include a representative sample
Risk:
with women at the project sites of the larger community and analyse gender-
Moderate
and in planning for training and disaggregated data where relevant. During the
Gender Equity
capacity-building activities, it is development of the full proposal, gender experts,
and Women’s Potential
probable that the project will NGOs and local community organisations will be
Empowerment impact:
inadequately include women in consulted to ensure that the project follows best-
Moderate/Hi
both the design and during practice guidelines
gh
implementation

24
Checklist of No further
Risk and
Environmental assessment
potential Detail of potential risks Measures to address risk
and Social required for
impact
Principles compliance

Core labour rights will be respected and considered in

Risk: Low
the project design and implementation. In particular,
Potential
Core Labour national and regional stakeholders will be involved in
x impact: None anticipated
Rights the design of project activities to ensure that labour
Moderate/
legislation is adhered to
High
All project interventions will ensure that
Risk: low
local/communities/peoples benefit from the project’s
Indigenous Potential No indigenous people but local
activities and that, wherever poosible, they are included
Peoples impact: communities
in community consultation and participatory planning
low
/implementation of activities.
Risk: Low
Involuntary The project design does not include involuntary
x Potential None anticipated
Resettlement resettlement.
impact: High
Interventions will include By implementing climate resilient and water
Risk: Low planting of tree species, If these conservation practices, climate-smart techniques and
Protection of activities are not undertaken with EVA activities, the project will promote improved
Natural Potential consideration of immediate and management of natural habitats, particularly in the
Habitats impact: downstream effects, natural context of future climate change. The downstream
High habitats may be negatively effects of these activities will include enhanced
affected. ecosystem functioning within protected areas.
Without careful planning and
mapping of project sites,
on-the-ground adaptation
Therefore, during the process of site selection, a
interventions might adversely
baseline assessment will be undertaken to assess site-
Risk: Low impact on local biodiversity. For
specific risks to biodiversity. Final project sites will
Conservation of example, exotic, invasive species
then be mapped using a participatory approach – which
Biological Potential might outcompete indigenous
will include village leaders – to ensure that the
Diversity impact: species and impact negatively on
project’s activities do not result in the significant loss of
High both indigenous species’
biological diversity or the introduction of known
richness
invasive species.
and on the ecosystem services
that underpinning biological
diversity.
The project will contribute to climate change adaptation
Climate
x Risk: Low None anticipated at village, ward, divisions, district, national and
Change
international levels
Risk: Low The proposed project will result in minimal pollution.
Pollution
Rather, project design will ensure that all applicable
Prevention and
Potential None anticipated international standards are met for maximizing material
Resource
impact: resource use and minimizing the production of wastes,
Efficiency
High and the release of pollutants.
Risk: Low The project design will ensure that public health is not
Potential negatively affected by the project’s activities. Indeed,
Public Health x None anticipated
impact: through Component1, 2 and 3 will increase water
High quality and improve public health.
Without thorough and careful
Risk: Low Through a baseline assessment and participatory
site selection, it is possible that
mapping
Physical and the on-the-ground project
Potential – which will include local communities and village
Cultural X interventions will negatively
impact: leaders in the district-level – the likelihood of physical
Heritage affect physical and cultural
Moderate/ cultural heritage being affected will be minimised.
heritage, for example by
High
encroaching on plant species of
25
Checklist of No further
Risk and
Environmental assessment
potential Detail of potential risks Measures to address risk
and Social required for
impact
Principles compliance
notable cultural value.
Without thorough planning and The project will promote the conservation of soil and
Risk: Low
species selection, on-the-ground land resources. Specifically, careful species selection
Potential
Lands and Soil adaptation interventions might and EVA activities in Component 2 and all activities in
X impact:
Conservation result in reduced soil Component 4 will result into increased soil stability,
Moderate/
productivity or ecosystem reduced runoff of nutrients from topsoil and increased
High
degradation.* soil fertility at project sites.

PART III: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

PART III A. Describe the arrangements for project / programme implementation.
Executing Agency: Bunda District Council (Bunda DC) will be the executing agency of this project. The
Department responsible for Environment at the District will be the lead Implementing Agency (IA) with
actual execution at village, Ward and Division levels. Implementation at the District level will be
coordinated by the District Executive Director (DED). Bunda District Council (Bunda DC) through the
DED, will establish a dedicated project implementation unit (PIU) based at the District headquarters with
core technical and support staff comprising: Project Coordinator - responsible for ensuring that the project
produces the expected results specified in the results framework to time and budget. The PIU will carry
out the day-to-day implementation of the project, and will be responsible for the operational and financial
management and reporting. The PIU will liaise closely with the District Administrations in Bunda district
to maximise opportunities and to integrate the project within the district development planning processes.
Monitoring and Evaluation Officer - responsible for all project monitoring and reporting including
baseline and other field surveys, annual impact assessments, collection and collation of data for quarterly
reporting, risk monitoring and reporting, capacity building of Government and co-operatives in M&E,
participatory monitoring and evaluation with beneficiaries, knowledge management as well as co-
ordination of mid-term and final evaluations. Enterprise Development Officer - to support vocational
training, value chain development, agro-processing activities, capitalisation of financing facilities and
monitoring flow of finance into viable enterprises, market development and facilitating better access to
credit, liaise with financial institutions. A Project Steering Committee will be set up to steer the project
implementation process. The Committee will be chaired by the DED. The Secretariat of the Committee
will be the Project Coordination Unit. Its members will be District Executive Director, the Chairperson of
the District Council, Heads of Departments and Units of Bunda district council, Project Focal Person of
Ward levels. Implementing Entity: The National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) is the
National Implementing Entity (NIE) of the Adaptation Fund projects in the United Republic of Tanzania
that will endorse the proposed Adaptation Fund Project. NEMC will be responsible for the overall
management of the Project and financial, monitoring the achievement of the project outcomes/outputs,
and reporting on behalf of the Adaptation Fund. Detailed implementation arrangement including financial
and procurement issues will presented during the full proposal development stage.

PARTIII B. Describe the measures for financial and project risk management.
The following measures for financial and project risk management will be put in place during
implementation of the interventions and project activities. The risk categories on delays in
implementation of project activities and conflict management are rated as low whereas that of limited
stakeholders’ involvement, instability within p areas and natural and environmental hazards are rated as
medium. The financial risks are one rated as high. The table below summarizes measures for financial and
project risk management

26
 Risks Category Level of Measures to be taken
Risk
Delays in Low i)The Project Steering Committee as an oversight body for implementation constituted with regular quarterly
Implementation meetings to review, approve and provide corrective oversight on project milestones; inception, mid project
of project review and end of project review; i) Development of detailed implementation plans (DIPs) and annual plans to
activities be approved by the NIE and to guide the implementation; and iii) Joint monitoring team and community based
monitoring groups formed to review progress in implementation in the various project components.
Conflict Low i)NIE Management and conflict resolution structure/mechanism set up and providing oversight support role
Management and ii) NIE to ensure agreed arbitration mechanisms on any upcoming project related conflicts.

Limited Low ii) All stakeholders to be involved in the project design, implementation and monitoring & evaluation during
Stakeholders the entire life cycle of the project; ii) Democratic decision making process on all pertinent issues will be
Involvement upheld for all the stakeholders; iii) Involvement of key local stakeholders; local leaders, community
beneficiaries, local county government structure and public service organizations.
Instability Low i) NIE to reach out to relevant government departments particularly where ethnic /political tensions/ conflict
within project may interfere with project implementation; ii) Project stakeholders also to play key role in conflict resolution
sites in the respective project implementation sites
Financial Risk Low i) A financial management strategy formulated to manage any upcoming financial problems including any
inflation in market prices; ii)The programe to adhere to all Generally Acceptable Accounting Principles
(GAAP) regarding control, transparency and documentation, and have processes, procedures and necessary
infrastructure in place for an appropriate audit system; iii)The Office of Auditor Genera or any other
Internationally accepted firm to undertake regular annual financial audits; and iv) Approved regulations,
procedures and guidelines on costs for services & goods of the United Republic of Tanzania including the
Adaptation Fund Standards to be upheld
Natural and Low i)Traditional and scientific early warning systems to guide decision making process on the implementation of
Environmental project components; ii) Diversification of relevant drought/ floods mitigation approaches incorporated in
hazards project implementation; iii) Improved awareness on climate change vulnerabilities and adaptations among
stakeholders.

PARTII C. Describe the measures for environmental and social risk management, in line with the
Environmental and Social Policy of the Adaptation Fund.
According to the AF’s Environmental and Social Policy, a project can be categorised as either A, B or C.
Category A refers to projects that “likely to have significant adverse environmental or social impacts
that are for example diverse, widespread, and irreversible”. Because any adverse social and environment
impacts of the proposed project are expected to be localized and minimal on the ground interventions
will largely be “green”. The Category A classification does not apply to this project. In contrast,
Category C refers to projects “with no adverse environmental or social impacts”. Because the project
will be undertaking on-the-ground activities, some environmental and social impacts are expected,
however can be easily mitigated. Therefore, the project is classified as a Category B project as its
potential impacts are “less adverse than Category A projects, because for example they are fewer in
number, smaller in scale, less widespread, reversible or easily mitigated.” While a preliminary screening
of social and environmental risks is presented above, further assessment of these risks will be required.
Environmental and social Risk
Measures to be taken
Category
i) Profiling of beneficiaries during project implementation phase (initially will be done
during project formulation phase) to ensure that women are direct beneficiaries of the
project; ii) Deliberately target women groups and girls in implementation and monitoring
of the activities; iii) Encourage women to take up leadership positions during the project
Gender Equity and Women
implementation process; iv) Developing gender indicators for monitoring the success of
Empowerment
the project. For instance, the gender proportion of the beneficiaries, (verifiable during
M&E), gender sensitive work plans ( project activities to be executed taking cognizance of
availability of different genders); and v) Assessment and documentation of gender
differentiated impacts of the project will be done

27
 i) Encourage sustainable agriculture within the project areas eg precision farming, water
retention fallow techniques; ii) Promote high value crops and fruit trees as well as
Loss of biodiversity
improved fallows; iii) Promote integration of crops, trees and animals; and Promote village
protection of areas and participatory management of natural resources
i) Deliberately target People Living with HIV and Aids
(PLWHAS) through their support groups; ii) Involve the social development officers in
Exclusion of farmers with
identifying the vulnerable groups; iii) Ensure representation of different age groups
HIV, disabled/physically challenged,
especially the youth and the elderly among the target farmer groups/communities;and iv)
Gender
Entrench gender and Greater Involvement of People With Aids (GIPA) during the
implementation and Monitoring process
i) Embrace/Mainstream use of ITK in implementing and promoting adaptation activities;
Exclusion of Indigenous/loval
and ii) Uphold indigenous people’s rights through profiling, documenting and integrating
technical knowledge (ITK)
their knowledge in the decision making and implementation processes.
i) Ensure that all employed personnel in the project sites/areas are contracted in accordance
Labour laws
with the national and international Labour Laws.
i)All the statutory requirements shall be met in the project implementation.(licences,
Compliance with statutory standards, taxation, procedures, Government fiduciary standards; and Environmental
Laws Impact assessments and Environmental Audits shall be done in all the project activities
that warrant such measures.
i) A grievance management mechanism shall be put in place and implemented; and
Complaints/grievances ii) There will be deliberate processes to ensure that the all the project beneficiaries and
project executors are aware of this mechanism

PARTIII D. Describe the monitoring and evaluation arrangements and provide a budgeted M&E plan.

The monitoring and evaluating system will be based on the indicators and means of verification defined
in the Results Framework. Overall responsibility for monitoring and evaluation will be the responsibility
of the executing agency, Bund District Council. Outcomes and outputs will be monitored during project
implementation by the Project Implementation Unit with data collected, compiled and analysed by the
Project Implementation Unit (PIU) on a regular basis. The monitoring and evaluation system will be
linked to the results framework, annual work plans and budgets and impact assessments. The timely
provision of results from Monitoring and Evaluation activities will enable the team to take corrective or
enhancing measures accordingly, or report the new and an expected project risks before they occur. The
project will employ a variety of means for data collection including surveys, participatory methods and
case studies with project beneficiaries. The data will be disaggregated by socio- economic group and
gender. Monitoring results will be disseminated in a user-friendly format and timely manner to project
stakeholders by the Communications Officer to enable a responsive approach to implementation and
allow for troubleshooting of any problems to ensure smooth implementation of project activities.

Six monthly Progress Reports will describe progress on implementation as well as lesson learning, a risk
update and management and an ongoing assessment of sustainability and acceptance of project
interventions by the stakeholders particularly the beneficiaries. The report will also include the
expenditure report and a work plan and budget for the following reporting period. The bi-annual
progress reports will be submitted to the Project Steering Committee for regular review and approval.
Quarterly Progress Reports will also be prepared by the Project Co-ordinator and be submitted to the
District Executive Director to ensure continuous monitoring of project activities and to allow for
corrective measures in due time. These reports will provide an update on progress on the delivery of
outputs, a quarterly expenditure report and a work plan for the next quarter. At the end of each year an
Annual Impact Assessment will be carried out by the Monitoring and Evaluation Officer to collect and
collate indicator data and measure performance against the baseline and targets in the Results
Framework. S(he) will work closely with the Communications Officer to ensure timely and effective
communication of the results to all the key stakeholders. The assessment will include a field survey and
case studies and will report on the progress made against the indicators and targets, delivery of project
outputs, and lessons learned. The project will also establish a Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation
system with beneficiary groups to enable beneficiaries to measure progress of project interventions. In
terms of financial monitoring, the PIU via the District Executive Director will provide the NIE (NEMC)
28
 with certified periodic financial statements. In addition, the project will commission an annual audit (be
conducted by an accredited auditor) of project accounts to ensure compliance with the AF and
Government rules and procedures. Moreover, an external Mid-Term Evaluation will be conducted in the
mid-way during the project implementation. The evaluation will review progress against milestones and
assess progress made towards the delivery of outputs and achievement of objectives as well as identify
corrective actions if needed. It will focus on the effectiveness of delivery, timelines and efficiency of
implementation, and risk management. It will present the initial lessons of project design,
implementation and management. The findings will be used to enhance implementation during the final
half of the project phase. A Final Evaluation will be conducted 6 months before project closure and will
focus on the impact and sustainability of project results. The report will summarise the results achieved
(objectives, outcomes, outputs), lessons learned, and make recommendations on any actions needed to
ensure sustainability, replicability and scaling up. The following table summarizes the budget of the
M&E plan.
Activity Responsible expert Budget Timeframe

Monitoring and Evaluation Officer with

Baseline survey 15,000 Within 2 months of project starting
support from Project Co- ordinator

Inception and annual Within 2 months of project

Project Co-ordinator 8,000
Workshops starting and yearly thereafter

Inception report Project Co-ordinator - Within 2 months of project

Starting
Monitoring and Evaluation Officer
Annual impact Assessment - Annual
and Communications Officer

Bi-annual Progress Reports Project Co-ordinator - 6 monthly

Quarterly Progress Reports Project Co-ordinator - Quarterly

Participatory Monitoring and
Monitoring and Evaluation Officer - Quarterly
Evaluation by beneficiaries
Annual field visits by
representatives of Steering Project Co-ordinator 6,000 Annual
Committee
Minutes of Steering Group Project Director - Quarterly
Technical Reports Project Coordinator - Periodic
Mid-term Evaluation with
National consultant 16,800 Mid term
gender gap analysis87
Final evaluation National consultant 20,000 6 months before end of project

Audits External auditor 4,000 In Years 2 and 4

29
E. Include a results framework for the project proposal, including milestones, targets and indicators
Project Project Project Output Activities Baseline Baseline Project Outcome Results/Targets
Component Outcome Output Indicators Levels Indicator
Project goal: Contribute to institutional capacity to manage climate related risks and reduce vulnerability of rural communities in drought prone areas of Bunda
District
1 Enhancing [Link] 1.1: Climate resilient 1.1.1Rehabilitate/ 1. Number of 1. Existence of % increased 90% of drought
Climate climate rural water supply Construct piped buildings for two old building resilience and prone agro-
resilience for resilience for system established in water supply fixing water for fixing piping adaptive capacity to pastoral
improved improved selected drought prone schemes in drought pumping machines; climate induced communities in
access to rural access to rural agro-pastoral prone agro-pastoral machines in the 0 -water
water scarcity in Bunda District
water supply water supply communities of Bunda communities at project sites pumping
system in system in district Neruma ,Iramba and [Link] of machine the selected agro- access to rural
selected selected Kisorya Wards of purchased water pastoral water supply
drought prone drought prone Bunda district pumping communities of system;
agro-pastoral agro-pastoral machines Bunda District
communities of communities 1.1.2Rehabilitate [Link] of Existence of 2
Bunda district of Bunda /construct/water water storage malfunctions
District storage structures structures water tanks 15 COWSOs
and network system constructed and established and
of the three pumped rehabilitated well managed
water schemes in 10 troughs of
Neruma, Iramba and
Kisory Wards
water for cattle
1.1.3 Rehabilitate / [Link] of 0% water constructed
construct for water network network
extension of the constructed and
piped water network rehabilitated in
system in drought the project site
prone communities 2. % coverage of
of villages in pumped water
Iramba, Namhura network (
and Neruma Wards kilometers of
pumped water
network from
lake Lake
Victoria)
1.1.4 Drill boreholes [Link] of 5% of required
in selected drought boreholes drilled boreholes
prone villages 2. Number of 0 – water pump
uncovered with purchased and driven by solar

30
Project Project Project Output Activities Baseline Baseline Project Outcome Results/Targets
Component Outcome Output Indicators Levels Indicator
piped water systems installed solar energy
and Install solar energy- driven
energy driven water water pumps
pumps
1.1.5 Construct 1 Number of 0 % of water
storage tanks and storage water kiosk network
Water tanks
Kiosk/Network for constructed
the drilled boreholes 2. Number of
Kiosks
constructed
3. % coverage of
boreholes water
network (
kilometers of
drilled boreholes
water networks)
1.2 Water troughs for 1.2.1 Construct [Link] of 0% toughs for
cattle constructed in troughs for livestock constructed livestock water
selected agro-pastoral water system in water troughs systems
Communities in selected dry villages for cattle
Bunda district to in agro-pastoral
improved water communities in
availability during Bunda District
drought and dry
periods
1.3 Community 1.3.1Establish water [Link] of 0% of
Owned Water Supply governance COWSOs established
Organization structures established COWSOs
(COWSOs) (COWSOs) to better [Link]
established and their manage reports
functional committee water source 3. Number of
members trained on protection, equitable committees
management, water allocation for
operational human and other
and maintenance in uses, and for revenue
Bunda District. collection
1.3.2Establish by [Link] of by 0% of by laws

31
Project Project Project Output Activities Baseline Baseline Project Outcome Results/Targets
Component Outcome Output Indicators Levels Indicator
laws for regulating laws on for water
effective use of effective water effective uses
water resources and uses and water
protection of water resources
harvesting management
structures; document [Link]
and disseminate reports
success information
and resilience
value of water
interventions to
communities through
learning and practice
platforms
2. Improve [Link] 2.1Climate Smart 2.1.1Rehabilitate/im Number of Existence of % agricultural Improve 3
agricultural agricultural EVA practices to prove the unlined improved tow inactive infrastructure traditional
productivity, productivity, improve food security traditional irrigation climate sensitive traditional improved to irrigation
livelihood and livelihood and through small scale schemes in irrigation irrigation withstand climate schemes in
agro-ecosystem agro- and micro-irrigation Namhura, Nansimo schemes schemes
change and Bunda district
resilience ecosystem schemes enhanced in and Bulenda Bufwe % increase in
through climate resilience selected villages of villages and increase the command 10% area is variability- induced and
smart EVA through Bunda district the command area area under stresses in selected Increase food
practices climate smart production communities of security in
EVA practices Bunda District Bunda district
in the selected 2.1.2 Construct and Number of 0% of climate by 40%
communities establish climate constructed sensitive
of Bunda sensitive irrigation climate smart irrigation
District structures at irrigation structures
Namhura, Nansimo systems
and other selected
sites in Bunda % of household
district using climate
resilient
agriculture
techniques
2.1.3Facilitate % of Less than 10%
increased use of farmers/female farmers use
drought tolerant and using drought improved

32
Project Project Project Output Activities Baseline Baseline Project Outcome Results/Targets
Component Outcome Output Indicators Levels Indicator
early maturing crop tolerant and drought tolerant
varieties by early maturing and early
farmers using seed maturing seeds
locally available
seed
3. Promote [Link] [Link] fishing 3.1.1 train on the Number of small No trainings on Promote paradigm 200 small scale
paradigm shift fishing practices transformed implement effective scale fishers on aquaculture shift of small scale fishers trained
of small scale practices of for improved climate and efficient trained on technology fishers for on climate
fishers for small scale resilient livelihood methods (pond and aquaculture practices in the sustainable income resilient
sustainable fishers and sustainable cage faming) for fish technology selected pilot
and climate aquaculture
income and transformed income generating culture techniques practices in the villages of
climate and fishers’ activities in selected selected villages of selected pilot Bunda district resilience innovations;
resilience income villages of Bunda Bunda District selected villages livelihood through
livelihood improved District. of Bunda district aquaculture 3 Fishing ponds
through through 3.1.2 Facilitate Number of 0% of ponds for innovations for aquaculture
aquaculture climate availability and ponds for aquaculture Vulnerable fishing constructed in
innovations sensitive improvement of fish aquaculture technology exist systems in fishing the pilot
aquaculture feeds formulation technology in the pilot communities villages
innovations and disease constructed in villages (Nyarugoma,Bugu
management the pilot villages ma and Isanju),
techniques and strengthened in
construction of fish
ponds for the
response
selected sites to climate change
and variability
induced stress.
4. Improve [Link] [Link] 4.1.1Establish and Number of 30% hills, Restore and
ecological and ecological and management of implement restored and mountainous Rehabilitate at
environmental environmental environmental and ecological rehabilitation and woodland least 90% of
services and services and ecological systems restoration and ecosystems(hills restored and Number and type the degraded
functions to functions to implemented to rehabilitation plans , mountainous rehabilitated in
of ecosystems ecosystems in
sustain climate sustain climate sustain climate (hills, mountainous and woodlands), Bunda district,
sensitive rural sensitive rural sensitive rural and woodland Number of maintained and the project sites
livelihoods in livelihoods in livelihood in selected restored and ecological 1 Functional improved to
selected rural Bunda District villages of Bunda conserved) in restoration and district enhance their
communities of District selected Wards and rehabilitation environmental functions and
Bunda District Improve ecological Villages of Bunda plans developed committee for services under
and environmental District law enforcement

33
Project Project Project Output Activities Baseline Baseline Project Outcome Results/Targets
Component Outcome Output Indicators Levels Indicator
services and functions 4.1.2 Promote bee Number of 0% of modern climate change and
to sustain climate keeping activities in modern beehives bee hives in the variability- induced
sensitive rural woodland land and purchased and selected project stress.
livelihoods in selected mountainous used by farmers sites
rural communities of systems and fruit
Bunda District plants as improved Number of trees 2 tree nurseries
ecosystem based including fruit available in the
income generating trees planted by didtrict
activities farmers
4.1.3. Mobilize Number of 0% degraded
enclosure systems in degraded ecosystem under
degraded ecosystems ecosystems community
to promote natural under closure system
regeneration and community to restore
recovery of driven closure ecological
ecological functions system to restore functions and
and explore the use ecological services
of local/traditional functions and
institutions to services
strengthen
management of
sensitive ecological
systems.
4.1.4 Engage Number of trees
farmers in tree planted
planting on
surrounding
residential areas,
along streets and
roadsides and
degraded landscapes
and establish
ecological schools in
selected villages

4.1.5 Enhance Number of 3% trained on

access and use of communities climate

34
Project Project Project Output Activities Baseline Baseline Project Outcome Results/Targets
Component Outcome Output Indicators Levels Indicator
efficient firewood trained sensitive
and charcoal technologies
stoves, explore and % of
support household 2% of
commercialization climate household
of energy efficient sensitive with efficient
stoves cooking charcoal and
techniques firewood
stoves
[Link] 5:Market 5.1Strengthen 5.1.1 Provide Number of To be % of community 90% of
market value value chain market value chains relevant trainings, developed population are agricultural
chain of of of agricultural knowledge and during full aware on market products/on
agricultural agricultural products/on farm skills to % farmers proposal stage value chain of farm and off
products to products and off farm farmers/producers linked to local agricultural farm products
enhance strengthened enterprises/products on production and markets products to improved for
climate and / (e.g. maize, rice, value addition on enhance climate market value
resilient livelihood of cassava, beans, agricultural livelihood systems addition to
livelihood rural sesame, soya, products and link in Bunda enhance
systems in communities horticultural crops, them to local, climate resilient
Bunda district improved to honey, timber, district, zonal, livelihood
enhance their charcoal, fruit national and systems in the
adaptive processing, fish, international project sites
capacity to livestock products markets
effects of such as milk,) for
climate improved climate 5.1.2 Build Number of To be
variability resilient livelihood business skills of community developed
and change systems in the rural farmer based business during full
project sites groups and link groups formed proposal stage
producers with and linked
private sector and with private
micro finance sector and
institutions to microfinance
improve institutions/go
negotiation skills vernment soft

35
Project Project Project Output Activities Baseline Baseline Project Outcome Results/Targets
Component Outcome Output Indicators Levels Indicator
and create loan and grant
profitable markets agencies
5.1.3 Facilitate Number of 0%
construction of post-harvest
post-harvest management
management centres
centers in selected constructed
village samples
[Link] [Link] 6.1Capacity of the 6.1.1Training of Number of Number .and type Over 2000
g institutional ed district and government communities Number .and of knowledge knowledge
capacity and institutional communities in stakeholders: and district type of products developed products (IEC)
knowledge capacity to Bunda is technical staff, staff trained on knowledge and disseminated developed and
management reduce risks strengthened to community groups climate risk products distributed
on climate associated respond to extreme and civil society in management developed and Number of district
change with climate- weather events climate risk No of capacity disseminated staff and
adaptation induced management and building community
Socio- project measures training Number of population for 12 Radio talk
economic for further scaling workshops and district staff effective project shows on
losses and up short courses and and adaptation project
livelihood [Link] facilitated by community initiative implementation
failures in e and share the project population for implementations s and adapation
Bunda knowledge effective issues
district generated through Number of project and
project project papers, adaptation Web portal for
implementation in knowledge initiative interactions on
Bund district, sharing implementatio project success
National and material plan, ns and challenges
International materials on
communities popular One database
6.1.3Sharing versions in for
project results and Kiswahili and documentation
lessons learned English of project
and mainstreaming Number of implementation
climate change knowledge processes

36
Project Project Project Output Activities Baseline Baseline Project Outcome Results/Targets
Component Outcome Output Indicators Levels Indicator
adaptation products (IEC)
approaches in developed and One
district planning distributed Documentary
developed for
Number of the project
plans at district stories and
level with shared at
mainstreamed district and
climate change national level
and variability
issues

37
 F. Demonstrate how the project / programme aligns with the Results Framework of the Adaptation
Fund.
Project Project Objective Fund Fund Outcome Grant
Objective(s)/ Indicator(s) Outcome Indicator Amount
components (USD
1 Enhancing Climate resilience for % increased resilience and Outcome 6: Diversified 2.1. No. and type of
improved access to rural water adaptive capacity to climate and strengthened targeted 450,000.00
supply system in selected drought induced water scarcity in the livelihoods and sources of institutions with
prone agro-pastoral communities selected agro-pastoral income for vulnerable increased capacity to
communities of Bunda people in targeted areas
of Bunda district minimize exposure to
District
climate variability risks

[Link]
Outcome 4:Increased sectors' services
adaptive capacity within responsive to evolving
relevant development and needs from changing
natural resource sectors and variable climate

4.2. Physical
infrastructure
improved to withstand
climate change and
variability-induced
stress
6.1 Percentage of
households and
communities having
more secure (increased)
access to livelihood
assets

6.2. Percentage of
targeted population with
sustained climate-
resilient livelihoods

3.2. Modification in
behavior of targeted
population
[Link] agricultural productivity, % agricultural infrastructure Outcome 6: Diversified and 400,000.00
livelihood and agro-ecosystem improved to withstand strengthened livelihoods
resilience through climate smart EVA climate change and and sources of income for
practices variability- induced stresses vulnerable people in
in selected communities of targeted areas
Bunda District
Outcome 4:Increased
adaptive capacity within
relevant development and
natural resource sectors
3. Promote paradigm shift of small Paradigm shift of small scale Outcome 4: 2.1. No. and type of 120,000.00
scale fishers for sustainable income fishers for sustainable Increased adaptive capacity targeted institutions with

38
Project Project Objective Fund Fund Outcome Grant
Objective(s)/ Indicator(s) Outcome Indicator Amount
components (USD
and climate income and climate within relevant increased capacity to
resilience livelihood through resilience livelihood development and natural minimize exposure to
aquaculture innovations through aquaculture resource sectors climate variability risks;
innovations [Link] sectors'
in fishing communities Outcome 5: Increased services responsive to
strengthened in ecosystem resilience in evolving needs from
response response to climate change changing and variable
to climate change and and variability climate; 4.2. Physical
variability induced stress. infrastructure
Outcome 6: Diversified improved to withstand
and strengthened climate change and
livelihoods and sources of variability-induced stress;
income for vulnerable 6.1 Percentage of
people in targeted areas households and
communities having more
secure (increased) access
to livelihood assets;
6.2. Percentage of targeted
population with sustained
climate-resilient
livelihoods and
3.2. Modification in
behavior of targeted
population
[Link] ecological and Outcome 4: 3.2. Modification in 120,000.00
environmental services and functions Number and type of Increased adaptive capacity behavior of targeted
to sustain climate sensitive rural ecosystems maintained and within relevant population
livelihoods improved to enhance their development and natural 5.1Ecosystem services and
Bunda District functions and services under resource sectors natural assets
climate change and Outcome 5: Increased maintained or improved
variability- induced stress. ecosystem resilience in under climate change and
response to climate change variability-induced stress
and variability
[Link] market value chain of % of community population Outcome 6: Diversified 3.2. Modification in 51,000.00
agricultural products to enhance are aware on market value and strengthened behavior of targeted
livelihood chain of agricultural livelihoods and sources of population
products to enhance climate income for vulnerable
livelihood systems in Bunda people in targeted areas 6.2. Percentage of targeted
district Outcome 4:Increased population with sustained
adaptive capacity within climate-resilient
relevant development and livelihoods
natural resource sectors
[Link] institutional capacity Number .and type of Outcome 2: Strengthened Output 2.1: Strengthened 40,000.00
and knowledge management on knowledge products Institutional capacity to capacity of national and
climate change adaptation developed and disseminated reduce risks associated with regional centers and
climate-induced networks to respond
Number of district staff and rapidly to extreme weather
community population events
trained for effective project
and adaptation initiative
implementations

39
Project Project Outcome Fund Output Grant Amount
Fund Output
Outcome(s) Indicator(s) Indicator (USD)
450,000.00
% increased resilience and [Link]. and type of
[Link] climate resilience for
adaptive capacity to climate adaptation assets (physical
improved access to rural water supply
induced water scarcity in the as well as knowledge)
system in selected drought prone
selected agro-pastoral created in support of
agro-pastoral communities of Bunda
communities of Bunda Output 6:Targeted individual- or community-
District
District individual and community livelihood strategies
livelihood strategies
% agricultural infrastructure 400,000.00
[Link] agricultural productivity, strengthened in relation to 6.1.2. Type of income
improved to withstand
livelihood and agro-ecosystem climate change impacts, sources for households
climate change and
resilience through climate smart EVA including variability generated under climate
variability- induced stresses
practices in the selected communities change scenario
in selected communities of
of Bunda District Output 4:Vulnerable 4.1.1. No. and type of
Bunda District
physical, natural, and social health or social
120,000.00
assets strengthened in infrastructure developed or
response to climate change modified to
Paradigm shift of small scale impacts, including respond to new conditions
fishers for sustainable variability resulting from climate
income and climate variability and change (by
[Link] fishing practices of
resilience livelihood through Out3: Targeted population type)
small scale fishers transformed and
aquaculture innovations in groups participating in
fishers’ income
fishing communities adaptation and risk 4.1.2Number of physical
improved through climate sensitive
strengthened in reduction awareness assets strengthened or
aquaculture innovations
response activities constructed to withstand
to climate change and conditions resulting from
variability induced stress. climate variability and
change (by asset types)

Output [Link] 120,000.00

ecosystem services and
natural resource assets
strengthened in response to 5.1 umber of natural
Number and type of
climate change impacts resources assets created
[Link] ecological and ecosystems maintained and
including variability ,maintained or improved
environmental services and functions improved to enhance their
Output 6:Targeted to withstand conditions
to sustain climate sensitive rural functions and services under
individual and community resulting from climate
livelihoods in Bunda District climate change and
livelihood strategies variability and change(by
variability- induced stress.
strengthened in relation to type and scale)
climate change impacts,
including variability

Output 6:Targeted
6.1.1 Number and type of
individual and community 51,000.00
adaptation assets (tangible
livelihood strategies
and intangible) created or
5:Market value chain of agricultural % of community population strengthened in relation to
strengthen in support of
products strengthened and livelihood are aware on market value climate change impacts,
individual or community
of rural chain of agricultural including variability
livelihood strategies
communities improved to enhance products to enhance climate
6.1.2. Type of income
their adaptive capacity to effects of livelihood systems in Bunda Out3: Targeted population
sources for households
climate variability and change district groups participating in
generated under climate
adaptation and risk
change scenario
reduction awareness
activities

40
 2.1.1. No. of staff trained
Output 6:Targeted to respond to, and mitigate
individual and community impacts of, climate-related 40,000.00
livelihood strategies events
strengthened in relation to
climate change impacts,
including variability 3.1.1 Number and type of
knowledge products
risk reduction actions or
developed and disseminated
[Link] institutional capacity strategies introduced at
to reduce risks associated with local Level
Number of district staff and
climate- induced
community population
Socio-economic losses and livelihood 3.1.2 No. of news outlets
trained for effective project
failures in Bunda district in the local press and
and adaptation initiative Out3: Targeted population
media that have covered
implementations groups participating in
the topic
adaptation and risk
reduction awareness
7.2. No. or targeted
activities
development strategies
with incorporated

G. Include a detailed budget with budget notes, a budget on the Implementing Entity management fee
use, and an explanation and a breakdown of the execution costs.
This part will be duly filled during full proposal development stage
H. Include a disbursement schedule with time-bound milestones.
This part will be duly filled during full proposal development stage

41
PART IV: ENDORSEMENT BY GOVERNMENT AND CERTIFICATION BY THE
IMPLEMENTING ENTITY

A. Record of endorsement on behalf of the government17 Provide the name and position of the
government official and indicate date of endorsement. If this is a regional project/programme, list the
endorsing officials all the participating countries. The endorsement letter(s) should be attached as an
annex to the project/programme proposal. Please attach the endorsement letter(s) with this template; add
as many participating governments if a regional project/programme:

Eng. Joseph K. Malongo, Permanent Date: December, 28th, 2018

Secretary, Vice President’s Office

B. Implementing Entity certification Provide the name and signature of the Implementing Entity
Coordinator and the date of signature. Provide also the project/programme contact person’s name,
telephone number and email address
I certify that this proposal has been prepared in accordance with guidelines provided by the
Adaptation Fund Board, and prevailing National Development and Adaptation Plans (the
Development Vision 2025, Tanzania’s second Five year development plan (2016/2021), the
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs, 2018), the National Climate Change Strategy (URT,
2012), the Tanzania National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA, 2007), the First and the
Second national Communication to the UNFCCC, the Roadmap of the National Adaptation Plan,
and the Bunda District Strategic Plan (2016/2021)) and subject to the approval by the Adaptation
Fund Board, commit to implementing the project/programme in compliance with the Environmental
and Social Policy of the Adaptation Fund and on the understanding that the Implementing Entity
will be fully (legally and financially) responsible for the implementation of this project/programme.

Fredrick F. Mulinda
Implementing Entity Coordinator

Date: January 4, 2019 Tel. and email: +255 753 240 517,
nieaf@[Link] / [Link]@[Link]
Project Contact Person: Ntuku Julieth
Tel. And Email: +255758985705, ntukuj@[Link]

6.
Each Party shall designate and communicate to the secretariat the authority that will endorse on behalf of the national
government the projects and programmes proposed by the implementing entities.

42
Annex 1: Concept Note

1.0 Project Background and Context

1.1 Brief background of the problems on what the project aims to solve
Bunda district represents the section of poor rural communities of Mara region in the Lake Victoria Zone
of Tanzania, who are already vulnerable to impacts of climate change18. Key climate elements like
temperature, rainfall and wind speed have been shifting their historical trends and magnitudes over time.
As a result, extreme climate and weather driven events such as droughts, prolonged dry periods, erratic
rainfall and strong winds are more common across the district nowadays19. The observed climate vagaries
coupled with high poverty level have already caused their toll to people, their socio-economic, livelihood
and environmental systems. Crop failures, water scarcity and livestock deaths due to drought are already
common cases in the area. Rainfall seasons and number of rainy days has greatly changed and declined,
affecting economic, social, environment and peoples’ livelihoods. Communities are experiencing failures
of their traditional livelihood systems with no replacement or alternatives20. Dependence on fishing is also
under threat due to catch decrease. As a result the Poverty and Human Development Report released in
2005 by the United Republic of Tanzania ranked the district as the poorest with the highest rates of income
poverty, with more than half (68%) of the population living below the basic needs poverty line. Projected
climate change scenarios by the Tanzania Meteorological Agency (2014), show that, the district will
experience more temperature increase in future while drought and dry spell periods with be intensified.
Rainfall pattern in the area is projected to be more unreliable and number of rainy days will be further
reduced, while flushing and catastrophic floods will be more pronounced21. Many future climate-change
impacts are predicted to accelerate multiple challenges across the district, affecting nearly all of the
population. These impacts are expected to include profound changes in water availability, temperature
stresses to human, livestock and crops, changes in farming practices, incomes and food security, ecological
disruption, and human health related impacts such as changes in disease vectors and ranges, spatial
expansion of malaria and water borne diseases. Hence, it is imperative that robust, technically-sound and
multi- disciplinary, integrated concepts need to be developed and sustainably implemented urgently in
Bund district, especially in the critical water, agricultural and public health sectors.

Like many other rural setting districts in Tanzania and in the East African region, the agricultural (crop
cultivation, fishery including aquaculture and livestock) and water sectors in Bunda are important driver
for economic growth, poverty alleviation, food security and rural communities’ development. The sectors
employ more than 80% percent of the population, contribute to approximately 95 percent of district food
requirements, and accounts for about more than 80 percent of households income earnings3. However, high
dependence on rain fed subsistence agriculture, degradation of land and forest resources due to poor
farming practices, unsustainable charcoal production and fuel wood harvesting, declined fish stock, illegal
and primitive fishing practices and livestock grazing, aggravate the impacts of climate change on peoples’
livelihood systems, amplify community’s vulnerability and limits their adaptive capacity22. Reversing this
18
The United Republic of Tanzania (URT), "Tanzania demographic and health survey (2010)," National Bureau of Statistics, Dar Es Salaam,
2011.
19
TMA, (2014).Climate change projection for Tanzania: A report Submitted to the Government of Tanzania. Dar es Salaam 33p.
20
UNDP(2014).Assessment study to identify Institutional, Legal and Financial Bottlenecks On Poverty – Environment (P-E) Implementation
at different levels of District, Ward and Village in Bunda District
21
Bamwenda G.R., Mashindano O., and Hangi M. (2013). Promoting Agriculture- Climate Change-Trade Linkages for Development in the
East African Community, PACT International.

22
Bunda District Baseline report 2013: Integrating Poverty-Environment-Gender objectives in district development plans for accelerating
economic and environmental sustainability

43
situation, improving environmental and life quality of people and achieving sustainable land management
is essential to address food insecurity, rural poverty and ultimately enhancing resilience of communities
and their adaptive capacity to climate change effects. While some proposals for such interventions already
exist in the district plans, their implementation lacks behind. Therefore, the project proposes to develop and
implement integrated adaptive mechanisms to increase community livelihood resilient to climate change
and cover the following sectors; water resources and supply, agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture,
livestock, forestry and ecosystems and gender in relation to climate change. The project will apply
transformative integrated environmental management and aquaculture innovations, resilient rural water
supply systems and Ever-Green-Agricultural (EVA) practices to reduce vulnerabilities and the impact of
climate change on local communities in the district. This approach offers practical and effective
combination of Community-Based-Adaption and Ecosystem-Based-Adaptation techniques to support
transformation of livelihood system, combat poverty, enhance greater climate resilience of rural
communities and gender equality while reducing emissions through long-term storage of carbon in
landscapes.

1.2 Climate Change and gender issues in Bunda district

In Bund district, climate shocks such as irregular rain and periods of drought and heavy rainfall are
affecting anyone that relies on agricultural related sectors for survival. Moreover, the effects of climate
change are particularly pronounced on vulnerable groups such as the poor and women in the district23. In
most cases, data in the district indicate that, women are the most affected group by all climate related
effects and disasters as their ability to adapt these event is poor. In addition, unequal access and control
over assets mean that men and women do not have the same adaptive capacity and bear a disproportionate
burden of climate change consequences due to their social roles, poverty and intra-household inequity24.
Women are especially vulnerable to seasonal, episodic weather and natural disasters because of their
responsibility for water procurement and household care, roles in securing food and fuel wood, reliance on
low technology for agriculture and greater exposure to risk in crisis and severe weather events that may
have been by climate by climate change. For instance, it is now common practices in the district for
women to undertake more responsibilities during famine and reconstruction of
homesteads while most men often emigrate and take refuge to other places away. Moreover, climate
change induced water scarcity and food shortage in the district has been linked with the increased conflict
within households, including incidents of gender based violence and abandonment. Children especially
school girls are also considered more at risk to climate change effects as they could more easily get sick or
hurt due to the instability of the home and more often are pulled out of schools. The proposed project will
take into consideration various gender roles in various activities and by use of such information develop
gender sensitive and segregated adaptation mechanisms to combat adverse effects of climate change.

[Link] objectives
The project will specifically target the most vulnerable groups who have less resource to adapt to climate
change in Bunda and is built on the principles of local empowerment through engagement of vulnerable
and grassroots communities such as farmer groups and village governments and community groups.
Therefore, the overall objective of this project is to enhance resilience and adaptive capacity to effects of
climate change while reduce vulnerability of selected communities in Bunda District. Specifically, the
proposed project will be addressing the following objectives:- i)Enhancing Climate resilience for improved
access to rural water supply system in selected drought prone agro-pastoral communities of Bunda
district; ii) Improve agricultural productivity, livelihood and agro-ecosystem resilience through Climate
Smart EVA practices; iii) Promote paradigm shift of small scale fishers for sustainable income and climate
resilient rural livelihood through aquaculture innovations in selected villages of Bunda district; iv)

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Bwire,M.K (2018) Tackling "Climate Change” in Bunda district: Can Integration of Ecosystem-Based-Approach (EBA) and Community-Based- Approach
(CBA) be more effective? Perspectives from grass-root communities, unpublished paper
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Bunda district Ciuncil,2018

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Improve ecological and environmental services and functions to sustain climate sensitive rural livelihoods
in selected rural communities of Bunda District; v) Strengthen market value chain of agricultural products
to enhance climate resilient livelihood systems in Bunda district; and vi) Strengthening institutional
capacity and knowledge management on climate change adaptation.

1.3 Innovation, Transformation and impact.

The investment underlying the proposed project entails a unique, new approach towards tackling the
increasing climate change impacts in the vulnerable rural district. The approach proposed here is built to
tackle the specific challenges at local level relate to climate change effects (with adverse impacts on
livelihood systems), disruption of ecosystem and high incidence of poverty (especially income poverty).
While the economy of the Bunda district is mainly dependent on three climate sensitive agricultural sub-
sectors (crop, fishery and livestock), the district is currently suffering in a myriad of both climate and other
environmental change related drivers. The paradox of poverty amid all the advantages led to a number of
initiatives being undertaken to improve the situation. There is alarming data on the declining availability of
basic needs including food and water supply in rural areas of the district. With increasing impacts of
climate change, the district authority will no longer be able to afford uncoordinated and low carbon
development pathway. It is therefore imperative that, investments in development for poverty reduction
have to be combined with investment in climate resilience and low carbon development pathways. Using
the integrated aquaculture innovations and Ever Green Agriculture (EVA) practices for climate resilient
and low carbon development pathway, the project bears the potential to become an important future
strategy for the district and up-scaling the approach to national and regional levels. This will promote
sustainability of multi-purpose climate actions, protection of natural resources and climate resilience for
the people. Thus, impact of this project will be widely seen from adaptation and climate resilience
potentials through smart field actions. It is expected that at least 400,000 people will be direct beneficiaries
and expected to adapt their livelihood and to be in the position to cope with the current and future impacts
of climate variability and change.

1.4 Alignment with national priorities and sustainable development strategies

The proposed project is and will be implemented in line and consistent with various development policies,
strategies and plans of the United Republic of Tanzania including the Development Vision 2025,
Tanzania’s second Five year development plan (2016/2021), the Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions (INDCs, 2014), the National Climate Change Strategy (URT, 2012), the Tanzania National
Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA, 2007), the First and the Second national Communication to the
UNFCCC, the Roadmap of the National Adaptation Plan, and the Bunda District Strategic Plan
(2016/2021) which recognize the growing negative impacts of climate change and sets initiatives of
tackling its effects. In line with Sustainable Development Goals to take urgent action to combat climate
change and its impacts, it is necessary to develop the project with concrete actions in solving such
problems for Bunda district which are not necessarily similar to other parts of the Tanzania. Similarly, the
project is match to most of the seven outcomes and the 7 outputs of the results frameworks of the
Adaptation Fund(AF). Alignment details with various national and international policies and strategies are
described in the Adaptation Fund (AF) application form.

2.0 Project location, Implementation arrangement and Stakeholders involvement

Project location: The project target vulnerable rural population in Bunda district who are already
vulnerable and impacted by adverse effects of climate change. Despite being one of the poorest districts in
Tanzania with the highest rates of income poverty in which more that 68% of the population living below
the basic needs poverty line, the District recognizes climate risks and has committed to implementing
improved climate resilient and adaptation measures including water management and aquaculture
innovations and a sound biodiversity conservation plans to combat deforestation, reverse land degradation
and combat desertification. Like at the national level, the District is also actively promoting gender
equality and equity in its by-laws and education plans and programmes. Thus, the project will be

45
implemented in vulnerable rural communities in selected agro-pastoral communities of Bunda District.
(More details are described in the attached AF application form).

Implementation arrangement and Stakeholders involvement: Implementation values of this project are
built in the principles of participatory, inclusiveness, financial transparency, vertical and horizontal
institutional integration, environmental and gender considerations and mainstreaming. The project will be
Executed by Bunda District Council and coordinated through the District Executive Director (DED), with
the dedicated project implementation unit (PIU) based at the District headquarters with core technical and
support staff(CVs are attached). Key stakeholders for smooth implementation of this project includes
vulnerable rural population and community vulnerable groups (Women, Youth and Old people), Village
Environmental Committees, Fishers, Livestock and Farmer Groups, Village and Ward Governments,
Community Water Users Associations.

3.0 Summary of the project budget

Project component Cost in US$
Component1:Enhancing Climate resilience for improved access to rural water 450,000.00
supply system in selected drought prone agro-pastoral communities of Bunda
district
Component2: Improve agricultural productivity, livelihood and agro-ecosystem400,000.00
resilience through Climate Smart EVA practices
Component 3: Promote paradigm shift of small scale fishers for sustainable 120,000.00
income and climate resilience livelihood through aquaculture innovations
[Link] ecological and environmental services and functions to 120,000.00
sustain climate sensitive rural livelihoods in Bunda District
Component5:Strengthen market value chain of agricultural products to enhance 51,000.00
climate resilient livelihood systems in Bunda district
Component 6. Strengthening institutional capacity and knowledge management 40,000.00
on climate change adaptation
Project execution cost 110,000.00
Total project cost 1,151,000.00
Project cycle management fee charged by the Implementing Entity 119,000.00
Amount of financing requested 1,400,000.00

4. 0 Projected Calendar
Milestones Expected Dates
Start of Project Implementation July 2019
Mid-term Review August 2021
Project Closing (6 months after project completion) December 2023
Terminal Evaluation September 2023

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Annex 2: Project Formulation Grant Request (PFG)

Submission Date: 04/01/2019

Adaptation Fund Project ID:
Country/ies: United Republic of Tanzania
Title of Project/Programme: Bunda Climate Resilient and Adaptation Project
Type of IE (NIE/MIE): National Implementing Entity (NIE)
Implementing Entity: National Environment Management Council (NEMC)
Executing Entity/ies: Bunda District Council

A. Project Preparation Timeframe

Start date of PFG March 18, 2019
Completion date of PFG May 26, 2019

B. Proposed Project Preparation Activities ($)

Describe the PFG activities and justifications:
List of Proposed Project Preparation Activities Output of the PFG Activities USD
Amount
Desk work (Literature search) Concrete literature review 1,000
Conduct site visit in community level consultations Validated project design for the full proposal 9,900
to validate the designs and inputs into the full development
proposal
Consultation meetings with stakeholders to obtain Reports, stakeholders attitudes/technical 6,500
technical inputs inputs; refined methodology and project
implementation plan
Critical analysis of technical project components Concrete project components and log frame 4,900
and prepare project log frame developed
Critical analysis of project budget to justify A concrete project budget developed in 1,600
concrete project components reconciliation with components
Full project document development Project proposal developed for submission 6,000
Printing and binding of the project proposal Printed and soft bound copies of full project 100
documents proposal
Total Project Formulation Grant 30,000
C. Implementing Entity
This request has been prepared in accordance with the Adaptation Fund Board’s procedures and meets the
Adaptation Fund’s criteria for project identification and formulation
Implementing
Entity Coordinator, Signature Date Project Contact Telephone Email Address
IE Name (Month, Person
day, year)
Fredrick Mulinda 04-Jan-2019 Julieth Ntuku +255758985705 ntukuj@[Link]

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Annex 3: Government endorsement letter

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