Engineering Mathematics-I
Practice Set
Part 1: Differential Calculus
• Limit, Continuity, and Differentiability
1. Evaluate lim |𝑥|.
𝑥→0
2. Show that lim[𝑥] does not exist, where [𝑥] represents the greatest integer not exceeding 𝑥.
𝑥→2
|𝑥|
3. Show that lim does not exist.
𝑥→0 𝑥
4. Evaluate the limits:
1−cos 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥
(i) lim (ii) lim 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 (iii) lim
𝑥→0 𝑥2 𝑥→∞ 𝑥→0 1 − 𝑒 𝑥
5. Examine the continuity of the of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ at the point 𝑥 = 0.
6. Examine the continuity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥], 𝑥 ∈ ℝ at the point 𝑥 = 3.
7. Examine the continuity of the following function at 𝑥 = 0:
1 − cos 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = { x 2 , 𝑥≠0
2 , 𝑥=0
8. Examine whether the following function is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 and at 𝑥 = 1:
2𝑥 + 3 , 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
3(𝑥 + 1) , 𝑥 > 0
9. Examine whether the following function is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 and at 𝑥 = 1:
−𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 < 𝑥 < 1
2−𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 1
10. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| is continuous but not derivable at 𝑥 = 0.
1 + 𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≤ 2
11. A function 𝑓(𝑥) = {
5 − 𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 > 2
Show that 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 2 but 𝑓′(2) does not exist.
12. Find the maximum and minimum values of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 12.
13. Find the maximum and minimum value of the function 𝑦 = 4𝑥 3 − 18𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 − 7.
• Successive Derivatives
14. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥, find 𝑦𝑛 . [Hint: Consider 𝑢 = cos 2𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 .
15. Find 𝑛𝑡ℎ order derivative of 𝑒 𝑥 log 𝑥.
16. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥, find 𝑦𝑛 .
17. Differentiate n times the following equation:
(1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦2 + (2𝑥 − 1)𝑦1 = 0
18. If 𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥, then show that
(i) (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦2 − 𝑥𝑦1 = 0
(ii) (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦𝑛+2 − (2𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑦𝑛+1 − 𝑛2 𝑦𝑛 = 0
19. If 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥, then show that
(1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦𝑛+1 + 2𝑛𝑥𝑦𝑛 + 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑦𝑛−1 = 0
−1 𝑥
20. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑚 sin , show that,
(1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦𝑛+2 − (2𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑦𝑛+1 − (𝑛2 + 𝑚2 )𝑦𝑛 = 0
• Mean Value Theorem
21. Verify the Rolle’s theorem for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2 on the interval
−√2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ √2.
2
22. Examine whether Rolle’s theorem is applicable to the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + (𝑥 − 1)3 on the
interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2.
23. Show that the Rolle’s theorem is not applicable to the function 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 [0, 𝜋],
although 𝑓(0) = 𝑓(𝜋).
1
24. Verify Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
25. Expand log (1 + 𝑥) in ascending powers of 𝑥 with remainder after 𝑛 terms in the Lagrange’s
form.
Or, Find the Taylor’s series expansion of log (1 + 𝑥) in ascending powers of 𝑥 with
remainder after 𝑛 terms in Lagrange’s form.
26. Find the Taylor’s formula for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 is ascending powers of 𝑥 with
Lagrange’s form of remainder after 𝑛 terms.
Or, Write Taylor’s formula for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 about the point 𝑥 = 0 with
Lagrange’s form of remainder after 𝑛 terms.
• Functions of Several Variables
27. Verify Euler’s theorem for the function 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 .
𝑦 𝑥
28. Check whether the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = tan−1 (𝑥 ) + sin−1 (𝑦) is homogeneous. Then find the
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
value of 𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 .
29. If 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) is a homogeneous function of degree 𝑛, show that
𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢
𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
= 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑢
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2
𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
30. If 𝑢 = 𝑧 + 𝑥 + 𝑦, then show that 𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑧 𝜕𝑧 = 0.
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
31. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑧 2 𝑥, then show that 𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦 + 𝜕𝑧 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 .
𝑥2𝑦2 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
32. If 𝑢 = , using Euler’s theorem find the value of 𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 and hence show that
𝑥+𝑦
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢
𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 2 = 6𝑢
𝑥 3 +𝑦 3 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
33. If 𝑢 = tan−1 ( ), show that 𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 = sin 2𝑢. Then show that
𝑥−𝑦
𝜕 2𝑢
2
𝜕 2𝑢 2
𝜕 2𝑢
𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 +𝑦 = (1 − 4 sin2 𝑢) sin 2𝑢
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2
• Vector Algebra:
1 𝑟⃗
̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ and 𝑟 = |𝑟⃗| then show that 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 (𝑟 ) = − 𝑟 3
34. If 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖
35. If 𝐴⃗ = 2𝑥 2 𝑖̂ − 2𝑦𝑧𝑗̂ + 𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘̂ and 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 2𝑧 − 𝑥 3 𝑦 then find 𝐴⃗. 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑(𝑓) and
𝐴⃗ × 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑(𝑓).
𝑑𝑟⃗ 𝑑2 𝑟⃗ 𝑑3 𝑟⃗
36. If 𝑟⃗ = (𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡)𝑖̂ + (𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)𝑗̂ + (𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼)𝑘̂, then show that [ 𝑑𝑡 ] = 𝑎3 tan 𝛼.
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 3
𝑑
37. If 𝐴⃗ = 3𝑡 2 𝑖̂ + 𝑡𝑗̂ − 𝑡 3 𝑘̂ and 𝐵
⃗⃗ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖̂ − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑗̂ then find (𝐴⃗ × 𝐵
⃗⃗ )
𝑑𝑡
38. Determine the value of the constant 𝑑 such that the vectors 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑑𝑘̂ and
3𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ are coplanar.
39. If four points with the position vectors 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗, 𝑐⃗, 𝑑⃗ are coplanar, show that
[𝑎⃗ 𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑐⃗ ] = [𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑐⃗ 𝑑⃗ ] + [𝑐⃗ 𝑎⃗ 𝑑⃗ ] + [𝑎⃗ 𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑑⃗ ] .
𝑑 𝑑𝑟⃗ 𝑑2 𝑟⃗ 𝑑𝑟⃗ 𝑑3 𝑟⃗
40. Show that 𝑑𝑡 [𝑟⃗, 𝑑𝑡 , 𝑑𝑡 2 ] = [𝑟⃗, 𝑑𝑡 , 𝑑𝑡 3 ].
41. If 𝜑1 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) and 𝜑2 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) are two scalar functions, then show that
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑(𝜑1 + 𝜑2 ) = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑(𝜑1 ) + 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑(𝜑2 ).