Rizal and the Theory and Nationalism
example—that create a sense of
community knowledge and cohesion.
→ Anderson's view of nationalism also
holds language in high regard, but he is
Nation more concerned with language media
→ is defined as a group of people who and the use of language as a political
share a common culture, history, tool.
language, or ethnicity.
Nationalism
→ A person who feels strongly about their
nation may express their nationalism.
→ A person who is nationalistic will do
anything to advance the interests of his
country.
Nation is imagined as:
o Limited
even the biggest has definite Imagined Community
limits. → The definition of "imagined community"
o Sovereign grew more expansive. It is increasingly
The idea was developed at a applied to online communities, common
time when the hierarchy of the interest groups, and other organizations
dynastic realm that had been lacking regular face-to-face connection
divinely decreed was being built around a variety of shared
undermined by the identities, from political membership to
Enlightenment and Revolution. sexual orientation.
o Community
Although there may be actual
inequality and exploitation in
each, the idea of the country is
always one of broad, horizontal
comradeship.
Imagined Communities
→ are groups of people who all self-identify
as belonging to the same community
Freedom
even if they may never interact with the
majority of the other group members. → is the objective of nationalism and it is
integral to Kaginhawaan.
→ The word Kalayaan did not exist in the
dictionary of the Philippine terms before
the execution of the Three Martyr
Priests. The closest was its Spanish
equivalent (libertad).
→ The root word of Kalayaan:
▪ “Laya” – means to separate
▪ “Layag”- which means to sail
▪ “Layas”- To go away
Primordialism → Filipinos who developed a sense of
→ holds that nations are inevitable nationalism started to fight for this
formations that evolve organically due to freedom, to escape the mother country's
shared cultural traits—language, control, and to create their own future.
ANGHELITO | PG. 1
Rizal and the Theory and Nationalism
Nationalism ❖ Rizal countered the colonial
→ A person who feels strongly about their propaganda by stating that Filipinos
nation may express their nationalism. had a rich culture before the coming
→ A person who is nationalistic will do of the western colonizers
anything to advance the interests of his ❖ countered assertions of the
country. colonizers that Filipinos are lazy
→ "the practice or doctrine of defending the people, indolent and scandalous.
interests of another nation that are ❖ countered Spanish propaganda that
considered to be distinct from those of Filipinos were backward, poor and
other nations or the interests that are inferior.
shared by all nations"
Patriotism
→ is higher and more intense than
nationalism.
→ root word comes from “Patria” which
means from “Patri” or father.
→ willingness to actively fight and struggle
for its interest
→ willing to sacrifice even their very lives
and fortunes for the country
→ “Patri” etymology term in Spanish means
Fatherland. However, Philippines was
considered as matriarchal society
→ “unwavering love for, loyalty to, and
defense of one's country"
Nationalism and Patriotism can be beneficial
when it helps the nation to uplift itself.
→ it helps guide to its rightful destiny as
a happy and progressive state.
→ However, extreme nationalism and
patriotism can bring about
ethnocentrism, can bring about
totalitarian states like Germany and
Fascism.
Example:
➢ Adolfo Hitler in Germany,
➢ Mussolini believed in restoring the old
Roman Empire,
➢ Japan under Tojo believed that all
non-Japanese races should be
deprived of their lands.
Rizal and how his works helped developed
Nationalism
❖ “The Philippines a Century Hence” –
developed and instilled a sense of nation
in the minds of people. “In order to know
the destiny of a nation, it is important to
open the book of its past.”
ANGHELITO | PG. 2