PATHFIT

MODULE 1 Loco motor Skills – involve transporting the

POSTURE AND CORE STABILITY body from one place to another.
Manipulative Skills – use of the hands, feet,
In the past, man’s survival body parts, or an implement to control an
depended on his ability to search for food object, as well as sending, receiving, or
and avoid being a prey to wild animals. travelling with an object.
Travelling form one place to another, man
learned how to make technologies to aid Therefore, the FMS are the building blocks
them in hunting until such time that they till for the development of activity-specific skills
their own land and harvest their own crops. (i.e., sports, dance).
Without the helpful advance tools, he did so
with more physical effort.  Non-Loco motor Skills

Nowadays, man is now able to 1. Bending

sustain himself more efficiently through the
advancement in technologies allowing him - These are movements around
now to do other things especially on leisure any joint.
ones. Unfortunately, on the other side of
these emerging modern technologies, a - To move from a straight
man’s common choice of activities tends to position into a curved position.
be sedentary in nature, such as watching
television, playing computer games, 2. Stretching
immersing on social media. All these
activities involved prolonged time of sitting - This is done by straightening
which eventually, since there are fewer or extending any part of the body from
movements, will give him greater risks of the joints.
diseases.
3. Lifting
Although modern conveniences may
have revolutionized the way man lives, - This is done by elevating a
these have not changed the way the body part of the body, usually the arms and
was designed – for movement. legs.

 Fundamental Movement Skills 4. Twisting

Exercising, dancing, and playing - This is rotating a body part

sports are physical activities that are while the base stays stationary
beneficial to your health, but they require a
foundation of movement and activity- 5. Rotating
specific skills. A sound foundation enables
you to confidently pursue any physical - This is done by a circular
activity both for lifelong enjoyment and movement of the body including the
sporting excellence. base.

The Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) 6. Swinging

are basic observable patterns of behavior
present from childhood to adulthood. - This is done by moving a
body part side to side or forward and back,
 Three Skills Group of FMS: like a pendulum.

Non-loco motor (stabilization skills) – 7. Swaying

controlled bodily movements that are
performed from a relatively stable base of - This is done by shifting
support. weight from one side to the other
side smoothly.
 - springing on one foot and
8. Shaking landing on the other foot

- This is a short quick vibrating 7. Sliding

movement in a body part or the whole
body. - gliding on the floor, sideward,
or forward using the right and left foot
9. Pulling alternately

- This is simply executing force 8. Galloping

to cause the object to move towards
one’s body. - stepping on one foot and
cutting the other, either sideward or
forward
10. Pushing
 Manipulative Skills
- This is done by applying force
against an object or person to move it 1. Throwing
away from one’s body.
- thrusting an object into space
11. Balancing using the arms

- This is the even distribution 2. Catching

of weight which enables you to
remain upright and steady. - stopping the ball or an object
with the use of the hands
 Loco motor Skills

1. Walking
3. Kicking
- a step on one foot followed
by the other foot continuously - hitting an object with the foot
and leg
2. Running
4. Trapping
- a step on one foot followed
by the other foot continuously with - stopping a tossed object with
longer strides and at a faster speed than the various parts of the body
walking
5. Striking
3. Hopping
- hitting an object with a hand-
- a springing on one foot and held object
landing on the same foot
6. Rolling
4. Skipping
- moving by turning over and
- done with a step and a hop over on an axis
using the same foot
7. Dribbling with hand
5. Jumping
- simultaneously or continues
- springing on one foot or both to dribble the ball to come to rest in one
feet and landing on both feet or both hands

6. Leaping 8. Dribbling with feet

 - controlling a ball and four physical activity domains: (1) during
traveling using one or both feet transportation, (2) at work, (3) during
household and gardening tasks, and (4)
9. Swimming during leisure time, including exercise and
sport participation. This questionnaire
- movement of the body assesses the levels (amount and intensity)
through water using the arms and legs and patterns of your physical activity. The
results will determine whether you are able
10. Climbing to fulfill the global recommendations on
physical activity for health and can be
- to go upward with gradual or utilized to increase awareness of your
continuous progress current physical activity levels, as well as to
help you set personal goals.
 So what will you gain?
MODULE 2
 Consistent and proficient in TOPIC 1: POSTURE AND CORE
demonstrating motor skills STABILITY
competency
 Develop complex movement and Posture is defined as the relative
sports-specific skills position of the body and/or the
 Engage and enjoy lifelong physical arrangement of its body in parts at any
activities moment. As human beings, our erect
posture evolved out of necessity, that is, to
Empirical studies have shown that adapt to a situation in the environment. For
motor skill competency was positively example, primitive man had to reach up for
associated with physical activity food located above the ground or look
participation and negative linked to farther towards the horizon. This erect
sedentary behaviors in children posture also enabled him to use his hands
freely to manipulate things in the
 And what would you possibly lose? environment.

 Less or not proficient in This evolution to a standing position

demonstrating motor skills posed challenges to the human body. The
competency heart had to work harder to pump blood
 Have a hard time transitioning to because it is working against gravity. The
more advanced skills erect posture also places tremendous
 Not enjoying physical activities pressure on the structures trying to hold the
trunk upright. The spine, which is composed
of multiple joints acting together as a unit,
also work with the other muscles and joints
 Assessment of Physical Activity of the trunk to maintain our upright posture.
Readiness and Levels Hence the problem in one part impacts the
other parts. Such is the case of the cross-
Besides your motor skill competency, syndrome that affects the cervical vertebrae
identifying your current levels of activity and (neck region) and the lumbar region (lower
fitness is crucial to determining your back). Cross Syndrome is so-called because
readiness for physical activities. Also, fitness symptoms of tightness and weakness on
assessment generally demands moderate to one side is paired diagonally across the
vigorous effort. Hence, it is necessary to other side of the region. This illustrates how
initially assess your physical activity compound the structure of the spine that is
readiness as a precautionary measure. and that spinal stability integrates both the
elements of strength and control.
 International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ)

This was designed specifically for healthy

adults (18 – 65 years old) and consisted of
 When viewed from the back, the spine is
vertical but as seen from the side, the spine
has two pairs of curvature. The kyphotic
curves facing forward are found in the
thoracic area and sacral area. The lordotic
curves are found in the cervical region and
lumbar region which are facing posteriorly.
These curves work in making the spine
resilient to axial compression acting like a
spring. Deviations from these normal
curvatures (either in excess or diminished)
Good posture has many contributors. The and vertical alignment of the spine may be
ideal posture is traditionally defined when considered abnormal, which may or may not
viewed from the side as a line of gravity be accompanied by pain or dysfunction. A
passing through the ears (meatus), bodies kyphotic posture is characterized by an
of the cervical vertebrae, acromion process exaggeration of the curve in the thoracic
(tip of shoulder), through the middle of the region (i.e., thoracic kyphosis) while lordotic
thorax (rib cage), through the bodies of the posture is characterized by excessive
lumbar vertebrae, slightly posterior to the curvature of the cervical (e.g., forward
hip joint (behind the patella or kneecap), head) and lumbar regions (e.g., lumbar
and slightly anterior to the lateral malleolus lordosis, sway back). Scoliosis is
(ankle). characterized by a lateral curvature or
deviation of the spine.

A posture is described as good when there

is minimal stress acting on the multiple
joints. In other words, only minimal muscle
activity is needed to keep the position. In
contrast, a faulty posture occurs when the
stresses acting on these joints are
increased. When the posture is faulty,
muscle activity increases in order to
maintain a position. This increase in muscle
activity will later result in pain due to muscle
spasm, which will then be felt as back pain.
Sometimes, problems arise as an
accumulation of small stresses that were
not initially noticeable on their own. For
example, joints may be hypermobile (too
flexible) or hypomobile (too stiff) while
muscles may be too tight or weak. The
harmonious collaboration and efficient
functioning of all these joints and muscles,
therefore, contribute to maintaining a good
posture, which in return prevents injury.