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Essential Physics Formulas and Units

This document outlines many important physical quantities, units, and equations across various topics in physics. It defines the seven base SI units including metre, kilogram, and second. It also provides prefixes for units and equations for speed, velocity, acceleration, momentum, impulse, forces, mass, weight, density, work, energy, power, pressure, temperature measurement, heat capacity, melting and boiling, waves, reflection and refraction of light, lenses, current electricity, radioactivity, transformers, and space physics formulas. Key equations include definitions for speed, momentum, pressure, heat capacity, power, voltage, resistance, and half-life.

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Methyl Orange
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37 views5 pages

Essential Physics Formulas and Units

This document outlines many important physical quantities, units, and equations across various topics in physics. It defines the seven base SI units including metre, kilogram, and second. It also provides prefixes for units and equations for speed, velocity, acceleration, momentum, impulse, forces, mass, weight, density, work, energy, power, pressure, temperature measurement, heat capacity, melting and boiling, waves, reflection and refraction of light, lenses, current electricity, radioactivity, transformers, and space physics formulas. Key equations include definitions for speed, momentum, pressure, heat capacity, power, voltage, resistance, and half-life.

Uploaded by

Methyl Orange
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Physical Quantities and SI Units

Basic Physical Quantity Name of Base Unit Symbol for SI Unit


Length Metre m
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second s
Electric Current Ampere A
Thermodynamic Temperature Kelvin K
Luminous Intensity Candela cd
Amount of Substance Mole mol

Prefixes for SI Units

Prefix Symbol
106 Mega M
103 Kilo k
10-1 Deci d
10-2 Centi c
10-3 Milli m
10-6 Micro µ

Unit 2: Speed, Velocity and Acceleration

• speed=
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑑
( v= 𝑡 )
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
• velocity=
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠
(v= )
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡
• acceleration=
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝞓𝒗 𝑣−𝑢
(a= 𝞓𝒕 = )
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡

Equations of Motion

• v=u+at
1
• s= ut+ 2at2
• 2as= v2-u2

Momentum

• momentum= mass × velocity (p=mv)


• change in momentum: 𝞓p=mv-mu

Impulse

• impulse= force × change in time = F×𝞓t


• impulse: 𝞓p=mv-mu
Δp
• F= Δt

Unit 3: Forces

Force= mass × acceleration (F=ma)

Scalar Vector
Mass Displacement
Time Velocity
Distance Acceleration
Speed Force
Volume
Density
Work
Energy
Power

Unit 4: Mass, Weight and Density

• weight= mass × gravitational field strength (w=m × g)


𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚
• density= (ρ= 𝑉 )
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

Unit 5: Turning Effect of Forces

• moment of a force= force × perpendicular distance from pivot (M=F × d)

Unit 6: Work, Energy and Power

• work= force × distance moved in the direction of the force (W= F×s)
1 1
• kinetic energy= 2× mass × velocity2 (Ek= 2mv2)
• gravitational potential energy= mass × gravitational field strength × height (Ep=mgh)
𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
• efficiency= × 100%
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑊 𝐸
• power= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = (P= 𝑡 = 𝑡 )
𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

More formulas of power in unit 18.

Unit 7: Pressure
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹
• Pressure= (p=𝐴)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

• Pressure in Liquids= height of column × density of the liquid × gravitational field strength
(p=hρg)
𝑘
• Pressure in gases: p=𝑉 or p1V1=p2V2 (Boyle’s Law)

Unit 8: Measurement of Temperature

𝑋θ−X0
• General Equation for the Centigrade Scale: θ/ °C= × 100
𝑋100−𝑋0

• θ/ °C= T/K-273.15

Unit 10: Heat Capacity

ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝐽 𝑄
• heat capacity= 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 (C= 𝛥θ)
𝐶 1 𝑄
• specific heat capacity= 𝑚= 𝑚 (𝛥θ) where m= mass of substance

• Q=mc𝛥θ
• Q=ml (mass x specific latent heat)

Unit 11: Melting and Boiling

• Latent heat of fusion= specific latent heat of fusion × mass of solid (Lf=lf × m)
• Latent heat of vaporization= specific latent heat of vaporization × mass of solid (Lv=lv×m)

Unit 13: General Wave Properties

1
• Period=
𝑓

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 λ


• speed of wave= (v= )
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇

• speed of wave= frequency × distance travelled by wave (v=fλ)


• speed of all electromagnetic waves in vacuum= 3.0×108m/s

Unit 14: Reflection and Refraction of Light


• angle of incidence=angle of reflection (∠i=∠r)
sin 𝑖
• refractive index (n)= sin 𝑟
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚 𝑐
• n= 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚= 𝑣
1
• n= sin 𝑐
1
• critical angle(c)= sin-1(𝑛)

Unit 15: Converging Lens

ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒
• linear magnification (m)= ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡

Unit 18: Current Electricity

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑄
• current= (I= 𝑡 )
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝐽
• voltage (V)/e.m.f= =𝑐
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒

• voltage= current × resistance (V=IR)


𝑉
• R=
𝐼
𝑉
• I=
𝑅
ρ×l
• R= where ρ is the resistivity of the material
𝐴

• P= I2R
• P= V2/R
• E=Pt (Power is in kW and time in hours)
• E=VIt
• E=I2Rt
• E= V2/R×t

Unit 25: Radioactivity and the Nuclear Atom

Formula for calculating half-life:


1
• N=No(2)n
N= quantity of radioactive element left (can be mass or countrate)

No= initial amount

n= number of half-lives

Transformers

• Vs/Vp= Ns/Np

Vp= voltage of primary coil

Vs= voltage of secondary coil

Np= number of turns of primary coil

Ns= number of turns of secondary coil

Space Physics

Orbital distance
• s=2πr
Orbital speed
𝑠 2𝜋𝑟
• v=𝑡 = 𝑡

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