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Functions

1. The document discusses functions and their key concepts. It defines a function as a relationship between variables where a change in one variable results in a corresponding change in the other. 2. It provides examples of special functions like the modulus/absolute value function and greatest integer function. It also defines even and odd functions. 3. The rest of the document consists of practice problems related to functions to test the understanding of concepts like function notation, evaluating functions, and identifying even and odd functions.

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6 views12 pages

Functions

1. The document discusses functions and their key concepts. It defines a function as a relationship between variables where a change in one variable results in a corresponding change in the other. 2. It provides examples of special functions like the modulus/absolute value function and greatest integer function. It also defines even and odd functions. 3. The rest of the document consists of practice problems related to functions to test the understanding of concepts like function notation, evaluating functions, and identifying even and odd functions.

Uploaded by

mohithheadspace
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

J. K.

SHAH CLASSES Functions

CHAPTER 11
Functions
If two or more variables are related in such a manner so that a change in one are brings
about a corresponding change in the value of other or others then the variables are said to
be functionally related.

• Function is a relationship between variables whereby a change in one variable can be


experienced through a change in the other.

• Function is a special type of Relation

• All Functions are relations but all relations are not functions.

• If x and y are two variables related in such a manner so that a change in x brings
about a corresponding change in the value of y, then y is said to be a function of x
and is mathematically expressed as y =f ( x )

Where x is called the independent variable or the argument and y is called the dependent
variable or the entry.

Few Special Functions:

i. Modulus or Absolute Value function: [y=ƒ( x )= x ]In such a case y is always

positive for all real value of x .

Eg:- ƒ( x )= x ;ƒ(-3)= −3 = 3

ii. Greatest integer function or Step function: [y= ƒ( x )=[x] ] In such a case the value
of y will be the highest integral value contained in x but not exceeding the actual
value of x .

Eg:- ƒ( x )= [ x ];

then, f (3.5) = [3.5] = 3;

and f (−3.5) = [−3.5] = −4

: 176 :
J. K. SHAH CLASSES Functions

iii. Odd & Even Function:

For a given function y = f ( x); if


f (− x) = f ( x); then it is an EVEN function
f (− x) = − f ( x); then it is an ODD function
f (− x) ≠ f ( x) ≠ − f ( x); then it is neither Even nor Odd function

Features: f ( x) = x n is even when n is even and is odd when n is odd.


• Every Modulus function is Even
• Every Constant function is even
• Sum, difference, product and quotient of Even function are Even .
• Sum and difference of Odd functions are Odd.
• Product and quotient of Odd functions are Even.
• Product and quotient of an Even and Odd function is Odd
• Sum of an Even & Odd Function is neither Even nor Odd.

Introduction – Basic Concepts

x 2 − 5x + 6
If f ( x ) = then find
x 2 − 8 x + 12
1. f (2)
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) Undefined

2. f (0)

1
a)
3
1
b)
2
1
c)
4
d) None of the above

3. f (a)

a+3
a)
a+6
3−a
b)
a−6
a −3
c)
a−6
a−6
d)
a −3
4.

: 177 :
J. K. SHAH CLASSES Functions

4. f (h − 1)

h−4
a)
h−7
h+4
b)
h+7
h−4
c)
h+7
h+4
d)
h−7

5. If f(x) = x2 – x. Find the value of f(h + 1)


a) f(h)
b) f(-h)
c) f(0)
d) None of the above

(For Q. No.6,7,8)
If f(x)=2x2+5x+4
6. Find the value of f(2x)
a) -8x2+10x+4
b) 8x2-10x+4
c) 16x2-20x+4
d) None of the above

7. Find the value of 2f (x)


a) 4x2+10x+8
b) x2+10x+4
c) 4x2−10x+8
d) None of above

8. If f(2x) = 2f(x), then find the value of x.


a) 1
b) –1
c) Both of a) and b) above
d) Neither a) nor b) above

(For Q. No. 9 to 11)


Let f(x) = (x – a) (x – b) (x – c)
9. Find the value of f(a)
a) 0
b) 1
c) –1
d) None of the above

: 178 :
J. K. SHAH CLASSES Functions

10. Find the value of f(b)


a) a
b) b
c) 0
d) c

11. Find the value of f(0)


a) abc
b) – abc
c) a + b + c
d) None of the above

(For Q. No. 12 to 14)


Let, f(x) = 5x
12. Find the value of f(x + 2)
a) f(x)
b) 2f(x)
c) 25f(x)
d) None of the above

13. Find the value of f(x – y)


a) f ( x) ∙ f ( y )

f ( x)
b)
f ( y)

c) f ( x) + f ( y )
d) None of the above

14. Find the value of f (log5x)

a) x

b) x2
c) 2x
d) None of these

: 179 :
J. K. SHAH CLASSES Functions

(For Q. No. 15 to 18)

2 x 2 + 1; x ≤ 2

 1
f ( x) =  ;2 < x ≤ 3
x−2
2 x − 5; x > 3

15. Find the value of f (−1)

a. 1
b. – 2
c. 3
d. – 3

16. Find the value of f ( 2)


a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 7

17. Find the value of f (2.5)

a. – 3
b. 6
c. 9
d. None of the above

18. Find the value of f (4)

a. 3
b. 2
c. 1
d. 0
ax + b 1
19. If f ( x) = . Find the value of f ( x). f   .
bx + a x

a. – 1
b. 0
c. 1
d. None

: 180 :
J. K. SHAH CLASSES Functions

(For Q. No. 20 to 22)


x +1
Let y = f ( x) = .
x+2
20. Find the value of f ( y )
2x + 3
a.
3x + 5
2x − 3
b.
3x + 5
2x + 3
c.
3x − 5
2x − 3
d.
3x − 5

1
21. What is the value of f  
 x
x −1
a.
2x + 1
2x −1
b.
2x + 1
x +1
c.
2x + 1
x +1
d.
2x −1

  1 
22. f  f   
  
x

a. 3x – 2 b. 3x + 2 c. x+2 d. x–1
5x + 3 5x + 3 5x + 3 5x + 3

x −1 f ( x) − f ( y )
23. If f ( x) = , find the value of
x +1 1 + f ( x). f ( y )

x− y
a.
1 + xy

x+ y
b.
1 + xy

x− y
c.
1 − xy

x± y
d.
x m xy

 x −b   x−a
24. If f ( x) = a   + b.   , find the value of f (a + b) .
 a − b  b−a
a. f ( a − b) b. 0 c. f (a ) + f (b) d. f (a ). f (b)

: 181 :
J. K. SHAH CLASSES Functions

25. Given f ( x − 1) = 7 x − 5 , which of the following represent the value of f ( x + 2)

a. 7 x + 14
b. 7 x + 15
c. 7 x + 16
d. None

26. Given f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c and f (1) = 3, f (2) = 7, f (3) = 13 , find the value of a, b, c .

a. 1, −1, 2
b. 1,1,1
c. −2, 4, −2
d. 1, 2, 2

Self Reflecting Function


ax + b
27. If y = f ( x ) = , then what is the value of f ( y ) .
ax − a

a. 1

b. x

c. xy

d. None

4x − 5
28. Given f ( x) = , find the value of f { f ( x)} .
3x − 4

a. 0
b. 1
c. x
d. x −1

3x − 5
29. Given y = f ( x) = . If f ( y ) = x , find the value of M .
2x − M

a. 3
b. 1
c. – 3
d. None of these

: 182 :
J. K. SHAH CLASSES Functions

MODULUS AND GREATEST INTEGER FUNCTIONS


30. Given f ( x) = 3 x + x , find the value of f (3) + f (−3) .

a. 12
b. 6
c. –6
d. 18

31. If f(x) = [x], find the value of f(0) + f(1) + f (1.2) + f(5.02) + f(-3) + f(-2.3) + f(-7.9) + f(9.7) + f(-10.9)
a. 9
b. 18
c. -9
d.-10

32. Given f ( x) = x − [ x ] , find the ratio: f (3.5) : f (−3.5) .

a. 1 : 1
b. 1 : 15
c. 15 : 1
d. 2 : 3
Odd and Even Functions
Mark 1: if the function is EVEN
Mark 2: if the function is ODD
Mark 3: if the function is neither ODD nor EVEN
Mark 4: If it is both EVEN and ODD
33. f ( x) = x 2 + x 4 + x 6
a. 2
b. 1
c. 4
d. 3

34. f ( x) = 4 x + 4− x
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 1

 3x + 1 
35. f ( x) = x.  
 3 −1 
x

a. 3
b. 1
c. 4
d. 2
: 183 :
J. K. SHAH CLASSES Functions

36. f ( x) = x + x 3 + x 7
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 1

37. f ( x) = 3 x3 + x
a. 2
b. 4
c. 1
d. 3
2x + 1
38. f ( x) =
2x −1
a. 3
b. 4
c. 1
d. 2

(
39. f ( x) = log x + x 2 + 1 )
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Cost and Revenue Functions


A text book publisher finds that the production cost of each book is Rs. 30 and that the fixed cost is
Rs. 18000. If each book can be sold for Rs 50, determine:
40. The cost function
a. C ( x) = 30 x + 18000
b. C ( x) = 3x + 1800
c. C ( x) = 10 x + 6000
d. C ( x) = 30 x − 18000

41. The revenue function


a. R( x) = 5 x
b. R( x) = 10 x
c. R( x) = 50 x
d. R( x) = 0.50 x

42. The break-even point.


a. 800
b. 900
c. 950
d. 1050

: 184 :
J. K. SHAH CLASSES Functions

Linear / Quadratic Functions

A shopkeeper earns Rs 380 first week, Rs 660 in the second week and Rs 860 in the third week.
On plotting the points (1,380), (2, 660) and (3, 860), the shopkeeper feels that a quadratic function
may fit the data.

43. Which of the following quadratic function fits the data?

a. y = 10 + 200 x − 20 x 2

b. y = 20 − 400 x + 40 x 2

c. y = 20 + 400 x + 40 x 2

d. y = 20 + 400 x − 40 x 2

44. Using your model what would be the earning of the fourth week.

a. 1000

b. 990

c. 970

d. 980

A survey shows that there is a linear function between population of a country and time. In the year
1980, population was 84 crores and in the year 1990 population was 93 crores.

45. Find the linear function between population and time.

a) Y = 48 + 0.9t

b) Y = 84 – 0.9t

c) Y = 84 + 0.9t

d) None of the above

46. Calculate from the obtained linear function, the population of the country would have in the year
2000.

a) 101

b) 103

c) 102

d) 104
: 185 :
J. K. SHAH CLASSES Functions

Composite Functions

47. Find gof for f(x) = x and g(x) = |x|

a) x

b) – x

c) |x|

d) None of the above

48. Find gof(1) for f(x)=x2 + 8 & g(x) =3x3 +1

a) 2188

b) 1888

c) 1698

d) 2888

49. Find fog for f(x) = 2x + 3 and g(x) = x2 + 5.

a. 2x2 + 14

b. 4x2 + 12x

c. 4x + 14

d. 2x2 + 13

50. Find gof for f(x) = x2 + 8 and g(x) = 3x3 + 1

a. 3 (x2 + 8)3 + 1

b. 3x6 + 2x4 + 1

c. (x2 + 2x)

d. None of the above

: 186 :
J. K. SHAH CLASSES Functions

Inverse Function

51. If y = f(x) = 2x + 3, Find the following:

a. f-1(x)

b. f-1(y)

c. f-1(x-1)

d. [f(x)]-1

e. f[f-1(x)]

f. f-1[f(x)]

52. If f(x) = x3 – 3, then f-1(24) : f-1(5) = ?

a. 2:3

b. 24 : 5

c. 3:2

d. Cannot Say

: 187 :

Common questions

Powered by AI

To identify a quadratic function that fits a set of data points, one can use methods such as least squares fitting or solve a system of linear equations generated from plugging the data points into the general form of a quadratic equation, y = ax^2 + bx + c. By substituting each data point into the equation and solving the resulting system, the coefficients a, b, and c that best fit the data can be determined .

The sum of an even function and an odd function is neither even nor odd. This is because even functions are symmetric around the y-axis, while odd functions are symmetric about the origin, leading to an overall function that lacks symmetry about both the y-axis and the origin .

To find the inverse of a linear function like f(x) = 2x + 3, substitute y for f(x), giving y = 2x + 3. To solve for the inverse, switch the roles of x and y and solve for y: x = 2y + 3. Isolate y by first subtracting 3 from both sides, giving x - 3 = 2y. Then, divide by 2 to get y = (x - 3)/2. Therefore, the inverse function is f⁻¹(x) = (x - 3)/2 .

A function that is both even and odd must satisfy both conditions for even and odd functions: f(x) = f(-x) and f(-x) = -f(x), respectively. The only function where these conditions hold simultaneously for all x is the zero function, f(x) = 0. This function is symmetric about both the y-axis and the origin, and results in the same value (zero) regardless of the input, x .

A function is a specific type of relation where each input (independent variable) is related to exactly one output (dependent variable). This one-to-one mapping distinguishes functions from general relations where an input may correspond to multiple outputs. In mathematical terms, if variable x is the input and y is the output, y is a function of x if for every x, there is exactly one y such that y = f(x).

The modulus function impacts the range by ensuring that all output values are non-negative, as it reflects any negative inputs to positive outputs. For example, the range of y = |x| is all non-negative real numbers. It is classified as an even function because it satisfies y = |x| = |-x|, showing symmetry about the y-axis. This symmetry about the y-axis is a defining characteristic of even functions .

The Greatest Integer Function, also known as the Step Function, assigns the greatest integer less than or equal to a given number. Mathematically expressed as y = [x], it means that for any real number x, y is the largest integer that does not exceed x. For example, if x = 3.5, then [x] = 3, and if x = -3.5, then [x] = -4. A key characteristic is that it creates a step-like graph due to its discontinuous nature at integer values .

The break-even point is determined by finding the point at which the cost function equals the revenue function. In mathematical terms, if C(x) represents the cost function and R(x) represents the revenue function, the break-even point is the value of x for which C(x) = R(x). This represents the point where total costs equal total revenue, resulting in neither profit nor loss .

A composite function is formed when the output of one function becomes the input of another function. If f(x) and g(x) are two functions, the composite function is denoted as (f◦g)(x) or f(g(x)). It is evaluated by first applying g to x, yielding g(x), and then applying f to the result. For example, if f(x) = 2x and g(x) = x + 3, then (f◦g)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(x + 3) = 2(x + 3) = 2x + 6 .

In a functional relationship, the independent variable is the input around which the function is based. It serves as the argument for the function and forms the basis for determining the value of the dependent variable. Changes in the independent variable lead to corresponding changes in the dependent variable, establishing a direct relationship whereby the dependent variable is expressed as a function of the independent variable .

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