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1 The constant 6.02 × 10 has a name.

What is the name of this constant?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

2 Compound Y has the empirical formula H3PO4 and a relative molecular mass of 98.

Deduce the molecular formula of compound Y.

molecular formula = .......................... [1]

[Total: 1]

3 Nitrates such as ammonium nitrate are used as fertilisers.

The final stage in the production of ammonium nitrate is shown in the equation.

Ca(NO3)2 + 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NH4NO3 + CaCO3

Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate that can be produced from 820 g of calcium
nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, using the following steps.

The relative formula mass, Mr, of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, = 164.

(a) Calculate the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 in 820 g.

........................... mol [1]

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(b) Deduce the number of moles of NH4NO3 produced.

........................... mol [1]

(c) Calculate the Mr of NH4NO3.

Mr of NH4NO3 = ........................... [1]

(d) Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate produced.

........................... g [1]

[Total: 4]

4 Calcium carbonate (limestone) decomposes when heated.

When 20.0 g of calcium carbonate are decomposed, 11.2 g of calcium oxide (lime), CaO, are
formed.

Calculate the mass of calcium oxide formed when 160.0 g of calcium carbonate are decomposed.

.................. g [1]
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[Total: 1]

5 A student prepares magnesium sulfate crystals, MgSO4, by adding excess magnesium to dilute
sulfuric acid.

Magnesium sulfate crystals have the formula, MgSO4•xH2O, where x is a whole number of molecules
of water.

The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

MgSO4•xH2O(s) → MgSO4(s) + xH2O(g)

The student heats a sample of MgSO4•xH2O and finds it has lost 0.140 moles of H2O and has
2.40 g of MgSO4 remaining.

Determine the value of x .

Use the following steps.

(a) Calculate the Mr of MgSO4.

Mr = .................................. [1]

(b) Determine the number of moles of MgSO4 formed.

moles of MgSO4 formed = ........................... [1]

(c) Determine the value of x in MgSO4•xH2O.

x = .................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

6 When potassium is added to water, it reacts vigorously and a coloured flame is seen.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

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2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

3
(a) Calculate the volume, in cm , of hydrogen gas formed when 2.34 g of potassium is added to
excess water at room temperature and pressure.

Use the following steps.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of potassium added.

= .......................................................mol [1]

(ii) Determine the number of moles of hydrogen gas formed.

= .......................................................mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas formed.

3
volume = ..........................................cm [1]

[Total: 3]

7 Calcium nitrate crystals are hydrated and have the formula Ca(NO3)2•xH2O where x is a whole
number of molecules of water.

The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

Ca(NO3)2•xH2O(s) → Ca(NO3)2(s) + xH2O(g)

The student heats a sample of Ca(NO3)2•xH2O and forms 2.46 g of Ca(NO3)2 and 0.0600 moles
of H2O.
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Determine the value of x. Use the following steps.

(a) Calculate the Mr of Ca(NO3)2.

Mr = ................................................ [1]

(b) Determine the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed.

moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed = ........................ [1]

(c) Determine the value of x in Ca(NO3)2•xH2O.

x = .................................................. [1]

[Total: 3]

8 Sodium reacts vigorously with water to form aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, which is a strong
base.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

3
Calculate the concentration of NaOH(aq) formed, in g / dm , when 0.345 g of sodium is added to
3
50.0 cm of distilled water. Assume there is no change in volume.

Use the following steps.

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(a) Calculate the number of moles of Na added.

= ............................... mol [1]

(b) Determine the number of moles of NaOH formed.

= ............................... mol [1]

3
(c) Calculate the concentration of NaOH in mol / dm .

3
concentration of NaOH = .......................... mol / dm [1]
3
(d) Determine the Mr of NaOH and calculate the concentration of NaOH in g / dm .

3
concentration of NaOH = .............................. g / dm [2]

[Total: 5]
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9 Ester Y has the following composition by mass:

C, 58.82%; H, 9.80%; O, 31.37%.

Calculate the empirical formula of ester Y.

empirical formula = ........................... [3]

[Total: 3]

10 Ester Z has the empirical formula C2H4O and a relative molecular mass of 88.

Determine the molecular formula of ester Z.

molecular formula = ...................................... [1]

[Total: 1]

11 Fluorine reacts with sulfur to form a compound which has 25.2% sulfur by mass and a relative
molecular mass of 254.

Determine the molecular formula of this compound.

molecular formula = ......................................... [3]

[Total: 3]
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3
12 Determine the volume of CO2 gas given off when excess MgCO3 is added to 25.0 cm of
3
0.400 mol / dm HCl at room temperature and pressure.

MgCO3 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O + CO2

Use the following steps.

3 3
• Calculate the number of moles of HCl in 25.0 cm of 0.400 mol / dm of acid.

................................... mol

• Determine the number of moles of CO2 gas given off.

................................... mol
3
• Calculate the volume of CO2 gas given off in cm .

3
................................... cm [3]

[Total: 3]
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13 Some chlorides are hydrated.

When hydrated barium chloride crystals, BaCl2•xH2O, are heated they give off water.

BaCl2•xH2O(s) → BaCl2(s) + xH2O(g)

A student carries out an experiment to determine the value of x in BaCl2•xH2O.

In an experiment, 4.88 g of BaCl2•xH2O is heated until all the water is given off. The mass of BaCl2
remaining is 4.16 g.

[Mr: BaCl2, 208; H2O, 18]

Determine the value of x using the following steps.

• Calculate the number of moles of BaCl2 remaining.

................................... mol

• Calculate the mass of H2O given off.

....................................... g

• Calculate the number of moles of H2O given off.

................................... mol

• Determine the value of x.

x = .................................... [4]

[Total: 4]
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14 Many organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.

An organic compound V has the following composition by mass.

C, 48.65%; H, 8.11%; O, 43.24%

Calculate the empirical formula of compound V.

empirical formula = .................. [3]

[Total: 3]

15 135 moles of urea, (NH2)2CO, is stored in the tank of a car.

Calculate the mass, in kg, of the stored (NH2)2CO.

mass of (NH2)2CO = ................................ kg [2]

[Total: 2]