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{15> 26.6 DEFIBRILLATOR ANALYSERS
A defibrillator analyser is basically meant to measure the energy content in the discharge
pulse. It works on the principle that the energy contained in a pulse of arbitrary shape and time
duration is given by
,
E= f, ett), it) dt @
where _E = energy in watt-seconds
elt)
i(t) = current as a function of time,
T = time duration of the pulse.
voltage as a function of time,
When the voltage exists across a fixed resistance, the energy dissipated in the resistance is.
given by
= af [e(tyP dt (i)
where R is the resistance of the load.
Equation (ii) shows that a defibrillator analyser circuit should consist of the blocks shown
in Fig. 26.14. The defibrillating pulse is applied across a standard 50 Q load and the vollage
developed across itis given toa squaring circuit, The squaring circuit consists of a four-quadrant
multiplier followed by an operational amplifier. The output of this device is a current which
is proportional to the product of the two inputs. In the squaring mode, the two inputs are
connected together so that the output is a square of the input vollage. The operational amplifier
acts as a current to voltage converter producing an output voltage which is proportional to the
output current, from the multiplier.
.
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Squaring
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> Fig. 26.14 Basic block diagram of defibrillator analyser
Besides these basic blocks, the defibrillator analyser contains other circuits for controlling
the measurement operations. For example, the pulse integrator circuit integrates the squared
function pulse during the time that a pulse is present. During the remainder of the display time,
it acts as an analog storage element. The voltage stored in the pulse integrator is read on the
energy meter calibrated in watt-seconds. The instruments based on the above scheme are meant to measure precisely the pulse-energy
and are designed primarily for verifying or calibrating the output energy of all defibrillators, the
output pulse waveforms may be Lown or Trapezoid. They measure delivered energy into 50 Q
load when the user places the paddles of the charged defibrillator against the input contact plates.
Besides determining the value of the delivered energy from a Lown or trapezoidal defibrillator,
it is often necessary to have a display of the energy waveform. This can be done by storing the waveform in digital memory and getting it out with a time expansion through a digital-to-analog
converter for convenient recording on a standard ECG machine.