Practical 07:- Write a program in java to implement the static variable,

static methods and static block. Also implement the “this” keyword.

Introduction

Java static keyword:

The static keyword in Java is used for memory management mainly. We can apply static
keyword with variables, methods, blocks and nested classes. The static keyword belongs
to the class than an instance of the class.
The static can be:
• Static Variables
• Static Methods
• Static Blocks of Code.
Static keyword in java in Java indicates that a particular member is not an instance, but
rather part of a type. The static member will be shared among all instances of the class,
so we will only create one instance of it.

If any member in a class is declared as static, it means that even before the class is
initiated, all the static members can be accessed and become active. In contrast to this,
non-static members of the same class will cease to exist when there is no object or the
object goes out of scope.

1) Static Variables in Java

When you create an object or instance for a class in Java, each object will have its own
copy of the members such as variables and methods.
Why is the Java main method static?
• It is because the object is not required to call a static method. If it were a non-
static method, JVM creates an object first then call main() method that will lead
the problem of extra memory allocation.

//Java Program to demonstrate the use of static variable

class Student{
int rollno; //instance variable
 String name;
static String college ="JMI"; //static variable
Student(int r, String n){ //constructor
rollno = r;
name = n;
}
void display (){ //method to display the values
[Link](“Details of student: ”+rollno+" , "+name+" , "+college);}
}

public class TestStatic{

public static void main(String args[]){
Student s1 = new Student(111,"Karan");
Student s2 = new Student(222,"Aryan");
//we can change the college of all objects by the single line of code
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
/*Output
Details of student: 111 , Karan , JMI
Details of student: 222 , Aryan , JMI */

2) Java static method

If we apply static keyword with any method, it is known as static method.

• A static method belongs to the class rather than the object of a class.
• A static method can be invoked without the need for creating an instance of a class.
• A static method can access static data member and can change the value of it.
//Java Program to demonstrate the use of a static method.
class Student{
int rollno;
String name;
 static String college = "JMI";
//static method to change the value of static variable
static void change(){
college = "AMU";
}
Student(int r, String n){
rollno = r;
name = n;
}
void display(){
[Link](rollno+" , "+name+" , "+college);}
}
public class TestStaticMethod{
public static void main(String args[]){
[Link](); //calling change method
//creating objects
Student s1 = new Student(111,"Karan");
Student s2 = new Student(222,"Aryan");
Student s3 = new Student(333,"Sonu");
//calling display method
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
/*Output:
111 , Karan , AMU
222 , Aryan , AMU
333 , Sonu , AMU */
Limitation for the static method:-
There are two main restrictions for the static method. They are:
• The static method can not use non static data member or call non-static method
directly.
• This and super cannot be used in static context.
3) Java static block
• Is used to initialize the static data member.
• It is executed before the main method at the time of classloading.

//Java program to demonstrate Static block.

class A2{
static{
[Link](“Static block is invoked”); //inside static block
}
public static void main(String args[]){
[Link](“Hello main”); //inside main method
}
}
/*Output
Static block is invoked
Hello main
*/
“this” Keyword in Java
The this keyword refers to the current object in a method or constructor. The most
common use of the this keyword is to eliminate the confusion between class attributes
and parameters with the same name (because a class attribute is shadowed by a method
or constructor parameter). If you omit the keyword in the example above, the output
would be "0" instead of "5".

this can also be used to:

• Invoke current class constructor
• Invoke current class method
• Return the current class object
• Pass an argument in the method call
• Pass an argument in the constructor call

//Java program to implement this keyword

public class Main {
int x;
public Main(int x) {
this.x = x;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Main myObj = new Main(5);
[Link]("Value of x = " + myObj.x);
}
}
/*Output
Value of x = 5
*/