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SCIENCE CAREER COACHING itesoths atin Rutherford's a-ray Scattering Experiment : The experi mental Setup usec by Ruther fora and hia Collaborators, Gelger and Marsden is shown in fig - ™ fens S SCREEN ‘@MICRO- ” E ABOUT 1in8000-0 -~ Boor IS REFLECTED BACK (ROTATABLE: DETECTOR) S 4s @ plece oh radioactive Source (es87") Contained In a trad Cavity. The X- particles emriteal by the Source. are Collimated info a narrow beam with the help of @ Lead slit ( Collimadtor). The Collimated beam ik allowed to fall on a thin gold foil of Thickness of the order of 2IxWWm. The a- particles scattered in cliffernt clivections are observed Here @ retadable cetector Consisting of a zinc 5 us Screen and a micsscepe- The. A- particles luce bi ashes on ‘the. ZnS screen. ee a gicone al by microscope, and Countes! at di angles from the olirection of inciclence of the m- TKe angle © of clewiation of an a- particle fom ts original “oivection is cabbed JAs Scattering angle 0. ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar ‘Contact No,: £008026131, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING — Observations ~ . ———_ A gmph 48 plotted betwen the Scattering angle @ and the number of o- particles N, Scattered at L0 for a lange Number of a particles, We find tot - ¢ Ci) Most of the - particles fi stra throu tee» geld at Ey mrs e" olo not Suffer a e calliSion with gold ater ‘ a Gi) about 014% of 2" ind A- particles scatter 9 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 180 180 by more than I. ‘SCATTERING ANGLE (6"}omse Gi) About one a- particle In every Bo00 particles Auflects by more than 3c. Explanation - ; —————— An a- particle 4s over 7000 more mamive than an elechon, and in this experiment, A- particle 1s travelling at a high speed , therefore, vow trong pre alone’ could have cleflected then Hyd Lage anges. Tus Ledl Ruther foro} to pos! e that the entice positive charge of the atm must be Conentretiol In a Hing central Core of the atm: This ding Centro! Core of each atm wes Called atomic ucleus. An a-particle Carries two units of positive amd has mass of a helium atom. ch om gold “nucleus = ze , where Z of golol is 79, As gold nucleus tA about So times heavier than an x- particle, we assume that st would remain stable in the Scattering Procers. ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003026131, 9308068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING mesh Rajeria Thaepore, the yectory of a-partide Gn be Computed usin estos Slaw of motion and Coulomb force of repulsion between A~ Pesti che. and geld nucleus ive. Fe i (2e)@2e) ane ye Whine ¥ 4A the distance of X- partide fom the centre of the nucleus. The m ituole and olivection of the force on An o&- particle changes Continuously as J+ approaches the nucleus first Gnd tren moves awa from ad. o a NUCLEUS J. H tt rot & re 1 INCIDENT o. PARTICLES OR aN w . tr Oro As shown in fig an x- particle (1) tending to collide with ae Slow down clue to r repulsive force of the nucteur ” Stops an then repllted back. This a- , aot 5 vetrae wts Path, scadterimg rough 180". Tre d-particles 2 and 2! tending do hit the nudeus ot ths POIPHOL 4 experi ence. steo repulsive force. and Get scottersad through lenge anges CEra0)- The a- particles Zand 3, which pass at a Hastance Gren) the nucleus experience small repulsive forus amd get scattered trough small les. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stan, Shar Contact vo aoo302e133, s20s0se859 [OU] SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Tee iiadoiia TRe x-perticles cohich paws at Large clistances pom the nucleus 7 almost unduviated. We Can Show thot +he number. Qf x - Particles Scodtered per unit awa NE) ct Scattering ange. @ varies iewersely ow Sint (2): 1 N (0) % “sin? (Bp Distance of Closest Approach- wohen %- Particle id clivectecl towards the nucks, tre Kinetic enangy a- ncle. Foes or cu eveaaing and bn tw aieteichd ooh iad es on increasing due 40 Coulombls vepulsive force between nucleus and o- parte - At a contain olistanee f from the nucleus, KE. of &- particle reduces to cero. The Particle Sto; emd ~t cannot go closer 4o te nuclexs. Tt is repelled by the nucleus ond tnerefore, it vehace Sts path, traning throw Bo. Tha custone Ye is Known a the distance of Closest Pp roach + Electrical potential at clittante % clue to nucleus = ly, Ze ANE, % Potential Energy X- particle at distance ¥, frm the nudews = tee % Change Pe. = ve. eqe ATE Kinetic Enagy of a particle of moss m moving i ites ov om vee Se Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Skar Contact No. 8003024131, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING imesh Rajoria As at te distance on Closest appsach - K-E. © Pe. dimv® = Zen 2e a AME % ze x2e ot . Yo 4N ee GE mye) Impact Payameter ( b) - Te js ined AA the Pepencticutar distance of the initial ‘velotity of K-poticle from the centrof Une ef the nucleus, when tre particle Je far away frm the nucleus. VELOCITY VECTOR OF GPARTICLE on-s-“§ GeNTRAC ONE nuttéus a DISTANCE (fm) mm TRaGET NUCLEUS When the impact parameter 12 Jonge , an A-partele will olavincte through a much smaller angle. ——) when impact parometer is Amall , force perienced aa | and the aA- particle toil seotter cg dange angle. 1 colculatecl analytically the relation on the. im pact Ppoxameter b and Scattering angle 8, which us given by- Le eG | fees dmv] b= me Ke ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 [O6 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Ruther forels Atom Medel - Umesh Rajoria CL) Every adom Consist of a ting central Core, Called “tre atomic nucleus in which the entire Positive. change. anc almost entire mars of the otem ake Concentratect. @) The sice of the nucleus in of He ord of 16m which 4s Amall Qs Comparsol wv the size of the atom whith is of the ovolr of io?m. G@ The atomic nucleus is a number of electons. As atom id electric: neutral, the total n ive, © of elechons Awerounding. Hre nuctens is equal do tote posHve change on the nucleus. (4) These elechons revolve around the nucleus in Various civewler orbits. The Cerchipetod force. required by Cendvipetad force required) to Keep a ne elechon in orbit Fe = elechostatic force of attraction behoeen the. revolving elechon and the nucleus then for a olynamically stable orbit in @ hygchogen atom (tal) - Fe = Fe mv. _e:e@ v ATL Eo ¥ Ke. of the electron in the orbit = demv> > my = ATL OoY Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 BT. SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Hence Ke = 22 _ BN ey Potential energy of electron in orbit—- Us £GO = _-e% 4M Gox 41CE.¥ Total ensrgy of elechon in hyohogen atom - E+ Ke tU e <2 ~_e% BEY 4ILGor or e > -e Bey Hence the dotal energy 0 electron in orbit of Ayo atom 4s nes Lena the electon Js bound do the nudeus “Le. the efecton +s not free to eave the orbit around the nuceus. Limitation of Rutherford Atom Medel- C1) Accorcling 40 the classical EM +Hheory, the revolving. alechons must yYadiatr e in the form « of Em Waves. As rewolving elechon, doses Continuously » tt raust o spivod inwards and fin eh the nucleus, we an fod 4A Atable,; we cannot expect the otems sto Collapse- Gi) As He evolving elechons spivol fnwards, Heir angular VelocHes “and hence their frequencies of Yenolution would chonge Continuously - There sore , preqluncy of EM Waves emitted must change Continuowsly. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 (08) SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria re , efoms should emit continuous spectrum but we observe orlay a Mne spectum. Bohy Model of Hyelvogen Atom- There ane three boaje postulates of triad model- C1) Eveug atom Constat of & cena) core Cotteol nucleu&, in which entire positive c amd almost entive mass of the atom aw concentrated, A suiteble number of “electrons revolve around the nucleus in cive orbits. The ceschipetal for required for revolution is providid by the electrostatic force of atbraction between the élechon and the nucleus. Centripeted force = Elechostatic. foree of attraction mv> = -L. (ee) r 4Tlee re mv> . Kzer K= ames -— Se zel @) A ceoroling to Bohr, electrm Can rewolve el in certain “chsevets non vadioting orbits , Colle: Stodion orbits, for Which total an mementirn of the Suvolving” eleeton is an se cae of Ham, wha h ds plank's Constant. Thus the @ momentum of 4 orbiting electron 44 Quantised, mvr = ah ne 12/4... HEAL 1 US Calleol principle Puantum numbet. * The ehectoon , while revolving in such ovbits, Shall not Lose enrgy ce. Ads energy woutel & Conutant. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 oS SCIENCE CAREER COACHING siorasit iota (3) The emission / ebsorbtion of ocens When an elechon jum m one of «ts ci fied non - ractioding obit iol aa 4 cli fexanee in the total ensrgy of electron in the two orbits Js absorbec| vohen" the electon jumps from an immer fo an cuter. orbit and emitted whin elechon Jumps from outer. to the inner orbit: Where BB te prequuncy of vacation emitted on Jumping from outer. to" inner orbit of enngy E, ond & vrespech vely- Radius of Gohr's stationary Orbits— Wwe Know that for Atadion any orhits — mvy = ah > ve=zn 27 2tmr By patting the value of v in ray. = Kze? re = m Whe = Kzer ? or Gates =e rs wy efor hydrogen atom 47tmke™ aon ” It shows tot - rant Hence the racius of station orAbits ane in the vato 17: 2:3: and so on be LIUi9l Clearly the Stotlonowy orbits are not eqtally spaced. ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar ‘Contact No.: 8003024132, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Velocity of electron in GBohy's Stationary Ovbit- As we Know thot - mv* = Kze? Y wa oy y = Kze* — ) my* and also y =_nah — ©) 2antmV by equation UU) and (2) we get Kze> = nh = Kzer a= ~ Sav) ov ae fos haphrogen atom, zal vy = 2 ke> nh As vets henee tre orbited velocity of electron in outer orbits ly smaller as compartol “do its value in the inners. orbits. Frequency of electron in Bohy's Stationary orbit - Tt is the number of revolutions completeo! per Secor by the electron in a stationary orbit, areimed the. nucleus. It ia represented by v. As Viz yw = y2nv) yey = 2 kte® = Kzeh 2mr mh; 27tr nhy The frequency of election in subsequent stationary orbits is smaller ab VY xa Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar ‘Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING ear ones Total Energy of electron in Gohr's Stationary Orbit Kinetic energy of eleeton vevelving in a stationary orbit is - J Ki €, of electron = gms Kees [ mes kee" ] Potential enrgy Of elechon = Potential x Change Pe. of electro = Kzex(-e) = -—Kze> r Yr Toted energy of electron tn the oxbit - E => KE + PE. eE= dt kee? _ Kze> = ~ kze? 2 or r 2Y by puttin y= nthe we 2 d @ 4m7m keer at E = ~ 20m zet re by Substituting the Standarcl values, we get eth Hence the fodal ‘ elechon in a stati pe e ive, which muans thet the electron Is bet ruckus and Ja not free to Leave it ay when n=l ten this state of Aowest energy of the atm ib Coble grounc| stote. Tre enngy of this 4tate dd E, = -13- el # Therefore, the minimum e eo to free, the electron from the Ground Stade of hydyogen adom Jd 13Geu. This 2 Colked onidakten energy ue hydlragen odom. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No,: 8003024131, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria * As n imeweases, the value of negative energy clecreases Le energy ia progressively Jarger or the ouder ovbits. ad “3 “oy Origin of Spectral Lines — At room Lumperoture, most of the hydrogen atoms are in ground stati. when a hydro adorn Yeceives energy a cerses Auch at eléchth collisions or heat, the atom may require sufficient to yaise the nm dechon to hightr stota Ler from nel do nz2, 3,4,--.. The atom SoA, said to be in an exited stote- Ez —s PHOTON ~ Ay From there excited statis, the elechon Can fall hack 40 @ state of tower energy and emitting @ photon of particular energy (= olifference In entagien of the he Statens). a 7 emg Let EE; and €, ane the total energy of elechon In the immer and outer orbit respectively. When an -electon jumps Pom an outer 40 an inner orbit , the entrgy of xadietion emitted Js given by - hv = €,-€ hv = _27?mk?et Fa _ a ne ve | he = 2ammeeet Fi x im nr oe ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar ‘Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859, SCIENCE CAREER COACHING a . _antmerete? TL _ we |} A cw — [neon Now 420, whre Vis tre wave number of yodiation emitted) ie. number of Complete wave in unit Lang Umesh Rajoria or omd ammKet =. R Rydberg. Constant >) e (Rydberg or R = 1-037 x10" m? Hence ye : 2 -k For hydro: ve" Rl | ey ™ Prove. equation Js cabled Rydberg formula for the Spectrum of hydrogen oem. * By above formula tf ts Char thet wavelength / frequencies Jiwave numbers of ractictions emitted by the exertedt hyehrogan atom one not Continuous. Thy have specific valu clpending upon the vals of Yn; and na. * Frequency of radiation emitted cohen the atom maker transition om) the higher energy Stete ine) to the Lower energie Atote (1) - vr ££ > ey 1. = a vos Refs. ni} ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No. anoso2etsa, ssososeess — (14] SCIENCE CAREER COACHING aescaN na J) Fincl the satin of enngies of photms procuaal SE due Ao tamition of am elechon of huychogen oto from Abs (9) Second permitted! enrrgy wel to the fest Level (b> the heighut pesmitter) enegy davel to Hee put peamitted Jewel. Sel (4) Enengy of Photon veleased = E.-E; = -3-4 - (13-6) =lorew Ch) The heighest peamitiec! energy Luvel to the first powitted tuth = Ea- E - = © - (13-6) = Is-6ev Rats! eS 9k Photon = Je2 = 3 °° a u " 13-6 uy Ql what is te ratio of radius of the orbits GRE Covveaponoling to fest excited stat and Grund Stak Ina hyolrogen atem 2 Sol, For fivst excited Stile n= 2 Ground Stati occurs for n= 1 Y an> Hence Vi afm = (%) La Ae, L Q@iw = at ql TRe rackius of innermost electron orbit of a c8 bydrogen atom ds S.3x10'l m, what ds the meius of orbit in the Second excited sto ? Sek The radius of atom mhoce Principle quantum number, Jd vi, is given vann Here X% Jk Yadivs of inermost (n=!) orbit . Fer second excite state n=2 Y= (33% 53x 101 = 4.77 x10! m, ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar ‘Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 1S SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Behr!s Explanation of spectral series of Hydvogen Atom - tohen an atomic oy vopour at low Pressure 4s excited us b ing. an electric. cuirent trough ot, the [Vapowr emits yadictions of certain a wav oO - This Kind of spectrum ué ci cateay “Line emission spectrum" and it consists of 4 few bright Airts on a clark background. Detector photographic plate) voltage Hydrogen gas discharge tube It I cr 410nm = 434nm 468m 656nm than the white Hight 4A parsed through the Same [Vapour we observe a ‘bri ka unl Cross by a WwW dark Lincs signi ing the miss eee or “the wavelengths ane abs by gas: They, form & “Line absorption spechum! It was pound! that missing wav Ge the Same a4 “the wavelength pruert in “the emission spectrum of the gas | vapour: Bohr gave. Ws theo of bagel aim about spectral series whith had! observed expert b a Variows Acierttists. Bohr o A theoretico explmation of these spectro) series as fellows : Near Nawelgarh Bus Stan, Sikar Contact No.: 003024131, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING 1. Lyman Sevies — Umesh Rajoria Bohr postilatis that Lyman series 48 obtained tohen an electron jumps 4o the first orbit Cr =1) from ang otter orbit Cna= 2,3...) Wave numbers of spectral Lines an series Ne Catenkcdeal > ast b op There. valurs of a Lie in the “icttra violet region a of the Spectrum. 2. Balmer Series - Accercling 4o Rohr, Balmer series 12 obtaineal whan an electrn jumps to the seconcl onbit (1,=2) from omy outer. ovbit (mi = 9,4,5)---- > Wave number of these spectyol Lines were Calculsdedd oh voe R( a-w (ra = 345---) This Set of spectral Lines Lie in the visible of the spuedliate _ pat SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria 3. Paschen Series — According 40 Behr, paschan series “4 obtedntel cohen am electron jumps to the Sed Orbit Cni= 3) from any outer orbit (m2 = 4,516,---)+ Bohr calculated the wave number of spectra} Amer of Paschen series from the reletion: ¥ = r[& -#] (nas 4isic... ) The value Of HF Lie in the infrared Tegion of the spectrum, 4. Brackett Series- According to Bohr, Brackett Series is obtained When an clecho jumps to the 4th orbit C= 4) from ony oven, orbit ( 1,= $6,7.--) Wave number | We a[de ~# | Ore 5677,-) Brackett Serits Los acevercel Im the infreredl region of the Spectrum, S. Pfund Series ~ Accovoling. ao Bohr Pfimol Series: 4 obtained When om elechon jumps ato the St orbit (n,-2s) from any outer orbit (nz 6,7,8,---) Wave number. BR =R[ sy a Nat 6,7 Bye ae re Pfund Series wos clisdverd in the Infmred region of the spectrum, Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Energy Level Diagram ~ A Magram which represents the doted tes of electron in different stationary orbits of an atom is Called the energy dwet cLiaguram of thet ecm. In this cliagram, total ies of elechon in various stationary orbits axe vepresented by the beokizental Lines crawn accorcling to Some Surteble energy Scale Toted ernay of etechon Sn nth orbit of huyolrogen odom GA — E = -I1ee oy > putting n=1,2,3,---- we the energies of electrons In various Atedlonany orbits a> @ ole 2. =I: ey = fe HB eev 5 Ey TIS. ~gyey = Ey = S186 . 3, = -I36 2 ~o, 3 Ze OF bsiev 4 Ey = SF = -ossev Be = SIG, ang, eo HRS, = wey s = TEE s-osy ev E, 2 “EE = -oarev ch. ab n Increases Ex becomes Luss negattive until Sef n=co , Enzo. f TRe ae deve} cliagram JA shown in ‘ for hydeo: atom.” The height enorgy tee Aeron tela de n= and has i E20, This js the enngy of the atom, when the elechon is vemoyed (Y= 0) from the nucleus and the eecton is at resl- Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Skar ‘Contact No.: 6003024131, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Brackett series Paschen series. Balmer series -13-0L_ net 14-0 L_— Lyman series. * As n_ increases energies of the excited stot Come Closer togothon- TQ) calculate the wavelength of He Line (nz 3) iim Balm series of hyeleo, atom, given Rydberg Constamt = R= 1.087 x07 mo Sel. For Balmer Aerie, wavelen 4s aven by te Reha a a Tr for Hx Line N2=3, Se that “A= 1097 x17 Pa - 4 A - . [x =] 4. = olszy x10” x Y A =s—4t_—__ = esea a? O1s2u xI0 Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar ‘Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 Ex) SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria @ Photons , with 4 continuous vange of Devs are made 40 pars through 4 le of Tage The fansitons — Shown hehe , inclicote three the spect ved absorption Ents tn the Continacts spe °o neo pre a -2 = n=3 zr neo fev) “4 oe = r ~18 a 4 a (CAD Telent the rol sextes of the ro} ema a to which each feet aie Lintsa Corresponds. (b) Which of these Lines Covrespords to the absorption of vadiation ef maximum wavelength P Sol. Sol Ca) Let spectrum tepresent Lyman sexies because. in this Spectrum, elechon jumps $OmM N=lt tone2, Ind spectrum epresert Balmar Series because tar this Spechum, electron jumps fom n=2 + n=3. Tvd Spectrum veparcsernts -Parchen Sead a tre electon jumps PIM m= ZB to nz4in this Spectrum. (Cb) Spectred Line Ot ( Paschen Series) Crreponds to the absorption of radiation of Maximum wavelengty. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 2.4) SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria G) © Te crongy duels of an atom are Shown cee in Fig: vohich of Harem eoill result Tn the 2° emission of a Photon of wavelength 275 nm? Us) which tramsition Corcesponds 4o emission of Yadiation ef maximum wavelenasth 2 A. ow < Bb -2ey -4sn —loey Sol (Qa) When Az 2TISnNmM = aTsxio®m ten es hv che = Ge xie34x aaio® A 275 x16" ia ag ev Transition Bp will veault in the emission of Photn of As 27S nm. (6) Maximum wavelength hos minimum Trandition A proviolksA energy of 2ev, cohicl 3 rainimum. De Brogtie's Explanation of Bohr's second “postulate of Quantization TRe Second postulate of Bahr model says thal: a momentum of electron orbiting anound) the nucleus 4s quartized bts mvy = Dh. fohtre We 1,2,3..1 Louts ote Broglie expainec| tis purele- Accoroling 4o cle fe, the elechon in its circular. orbit, a proposee! by” Bohy, must be Seen as @ particle Wave. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 [22) SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria We Know thet cohen a sting fixed at tuo ends 4s plucked, a large number of wavelen, are excited. But only those “waves which have. nodes at the two encls fedm the Atandling Waves and Survive. It means that Im a string, Standing muowe’, doom when total clistance trovelliol by a wave doun the Abing and back Js ang. integer mute ple. of the way Ss ved With othr waveteng ins interfere with them selves upon reflection amd iv amplitudes vanish quickly. Hence, according fo A B ey @ stationary orbrt is that which" contains ar¥ integral number of de Broglie waves associatiol with the r lving clacton. For an electron revolving in nt ctreuler orbit of Yadius Y, For the Permissible. oxbit , gnv =nd Accordin B ( = oO g to ole rage A my dohere. V id speecl of olechon revolving in rf orbit anv = th = 2 nh ae > mvy = nn Angular momentum = mv = es) Wear Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Skar Contact No. 8003024221, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING ‘tacsanabect Hence om momentum op etechon revolving in nth orbit “must be an integral multiple. of Wem» Which Js the quantum Cenclition proposecl by Baby in second pestutate. Limitation of Bohr!s Theory - GD TAis Huory 4s applicable to Simplest atom dike drogen , with zel. The ad foils In Case of atoms of otur elevents for conich Zea. @) The theory cos not explain why orbits of elechons ane token as circular, while elliptical orbits aro also possible @.) Bohr's theo does not si oO ang about He relodive. Tadersi Hes of specttal “ees G-) Bohr's tory does not take into account the wave properties of electrons, ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Skat Contact Wo. 8003024031, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Nery Important Questions L Mork Questions- Ql, Waite the expression fer Ghor's radius in hyolrogen outown « Cdethi 2010 , 01) Q2. Stee Bhor's quantisation cenditon for olf \ pete bits, ning Stationary Cpese 2008, CBSE 210, 03) S32. Tn the Rutherford scattering expeument, te ctatancee. of Closest ach’ for an a- particle is co. If a-particle is replaced by @ proton, hove much Kinetic enigy in Comparison do a- parkcle will Lt require 9 to have He same distance. of Closest “approach le ? Hint = Profen CH"), a-pantde (Het) C CBs 2009 2000 7 Qu. Tn hye atom , 1b the electron is replaced cc ao prrbttle eohich La 205 kimes heavier bub the Same change, how would ats radius pe ? CeBSe 2002, 08) QS. Te enrgy of the electron in the una Stoke of 0 otom is =196 ev. ee (er) Whot hoes “the negative sign signify 2 (>) Hews much 4s requireel to take an electron in yaln aban goo wd the ground state to the first excited Pe 2 Ceaké: deed) Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Skar Contact No. 6003024731, 9305068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING 2 Mark Questions - Umesh Rajoria Ql. The und stede ener ° eyo atom 4 -18.¢ev. The Photon cine dete ake tromsition of electron from ne2 to nel Stodt is inciclnt on the photosensitive motertal of unknoen work function. The photoelectrons onr emrtted from moterials with a maximum Krute e of Bev. Codectate He threshold wevelengty of the materiel used, Pmswer — s BE Zens Séu.5 nm. ce . ) @.2, Using, Bohr's postulates for clon atom, ‘stow Cnet tne toto arene eke electron In the stoction stot, Con be expresses] as the sum of® KineHe ensrey (k) ort potenHod CU), Whee K = -2uU. Hence oleduee. He expression for tne total energy In the nth energy Aurel ofp bugalrogen ene (BSE 20D, 12) @.3, Lo) Using Bhox's seconcl postutate of quan- Hizedibn Of orbital angular momentum show hod the Crreum ference. of the elechon in the nth ovbital stote tn hyolro, atom is n dimes the Az brogtie wav! arsociated with Sh, (b) The ekehon jn Wyaeagen atom Ja inthally in the tool excitect state. Whe 2 the manimuny number of Spectral Lines cohich can be emittecl cohen it Finally moves to the ground stocte 2 ( Pelhi 2012, RBSE 2006) Prpocr:. (6) n=3 ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8008024131, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Quy. Me uno stecte energy of hydso, odom Aad “Ge If an alah! tian Ue enen from on emergy Auel ~0- 8S ev do -1Sl ev, Calculate the “wavelengtin of the Spectral ding emittect + To which Series of hyorogen spechum cows this cwaveleng ty belong 2 (cast 2001, 12) Qs. Ina Geiger— Manasden experiment codculate the Autance df Closeat approach to the nucler of Z= Bo, When om x-pacicle of Emer energy incident on it betpre Jt comes vest and reverse its direction: How wilt the cistanee of closest approach be. affected when the Kinetic energy of the a- parndle in cloubled ? Geese aoa, 63) Prswe- So = 2-88 107! mm ‘ Qe, Stoke the basic assumptions of the Rutherford model of He atom, Explain in brief Wey His mod con not account for He Stability an atom ? C Delhi 200 2,10) @.7. Using the Bohr's postulotes, olerive the expression for the — (a) Speect of the elechon mM the nth orbit, () vadius of the nt orbit of the elechom Ww ° im hyalro gery odom. CRiase 2007, 109 G8. The of the elechon in the grownel Stott 9 eogent -1236ev, Coleulote the evurgy of the pl t+hed wold be emitted if the electron wen sto make a transtion Corresponding 40 the emission ob the fivat Link ws the ee Lyman series (b) Bodmer Aenea of Hie hyde: echum Answea- (a) lozevw (6) 1.9 wd on ase 2009) Neat Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria QS. Re und stock. ° dx odo Reged aoe sreee ot yteg (ar) Luho 4a the KE. of an elects in the 274 excitec| stece ? (») Th te elechon jumps to the ground stede the 2d excited state, coleulate the iravelon: ef the spectral tine emitted, Pmawer Gi) sev (b) Az 10304 (case 2003, 08) @lo- The energy duels of an atom ake ee shorn in Figs ilo i. oev 5. > -2ewv -4-Sev -loev le.) Which of throm will sesutt in the transition of A photon of wavelength 21s nm ? () which transition Corresponds to emission of radiation of maximum wav 2 Answer: Cer) tramilon & CeQse 2001; 09) Cod transition A. Qu Ca) Using pestulotes ef Bhor's theory of bso; otom, show that — CG) The tacius of obits Increase as > GO The total energy of the elechon increases Ob If vcohwe n Jd the principal quantum number of the atm. (be) Cole the wavelength of Ha Line in Balmer series of hycln; atm, given that Ryclberg Conrstont = 1-097 x107 m7. Arawer- (6b) A = 6563 A (case 2002, 06) Near Nawalgarh Bus Stan, Siar Contact No so0s02a231, s300060059 [OU]

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