Problem Solving CER TTSLF Contents Working with Numbers Adding and Subtracting Multiplying and Dividing Fractions Measuring Money Puzzle: Scrapbook Memories Time eg Shapes Patterns and Sequences Position and Direction Charts and Tables Mixed Problems AnswersHow It Works When you're working with numbers, you need to know what each digit means. 2-digit numbers are made up of tens and ones: 2 tens > 25 <5 ones 4 tens > 43 <3 ones 7 tens > 7 8 <8 ones You'll need to be able to work with number patterns too. For example: +3 “~ You get each number in the pattern by Cr. find the missing number, counting on 3 from the number before. count on 3 from 15 — it's Now Try These 1. These children are talking about the number of flowers they have grown. Write each child’s number in the box next to them. Laura Jamie Rohan My number My number My number has 2 more has 3 tens is seventeen. tens than Laura’s. It has 5 and 2 ones. fewer ones than Jamie's. 4 ae 2. Estimate the number that the arrow is pointing to on the number line.3. A pattern of numbers is shown on these plant pots. Fill in the missing number. OO OHS @B 4. Hamid sorts the vegetables he has grown into groups of odd and even numbers. Circle the vegetables that are in the wrong box. Even Each packet below contains 10 seeds. How many seeds are there in each box? The first one has been done for you a 27 Ne ra a ae UL} Pu ths Same LaAdding and Subtracting - tS aa cd For wordy addition and subtraction problems, you need to find all the numbers and read the words carefully to work out what to do with them. Tamsin has 16 metres of red wool and 23 metres of green wool. How many metres of wool does she have altogether? Add together 16 and 23 to get the total amount of wool. You can do this by splitting up the numbers into tens and ones. ee Now Try These 1. Jason makes a picture with 14 heart stickers and 20 star stickers. How many stickers are there on the picture altogether? wae, Stickers 2. Write a different number in each box below to make a correct calculation. + + =10 3. Each object in this problem stands for a number. A-- G-” e. What number does stand for?4, Melissa has 54 sheets of paper. She uses 26 sheets to make paper animals. How many sheets are left? sheets 5. Emma squeezes all the paint in the tubes below into a single pot. She then uses 34 ml of the paint to draw a picture. How much paint is left in the pot? An Extra Challenge Noah has made these cards. (:) He arranges the cards to make a correct number sentence, then turns over the number cards to hide them. WOO0C00 a) Where could he have put each number card? b) Are there any other ways to make the number sentence work? How many can you find? pareneithenaeue | Ge) ByFor multiplying and dividing problems, you might need to count groups: SR Mow many hats does Niall have? A 5 <= There are 3 groups of 2 matching hats here A. SMM So there are 3x2=242+2= in total. You might need to use your times tables for wordy problems. For example: Suresh has 20 jumpers. He shares the You need to divide 20 into jumpers equally between 5 drawers. ——» 5 equal groups. There are How many are in each drawer? 20 + 5 = 4 in each drawer. 1. Circle two calculations that describe the number of shoes on these shelves. 3x4 6x2 3x2 1x6 2. Arun and Tracey share these packs of T-shirts equally between them. How many T-shirts do they get each? — 2 T-shirts .. T-shirts3. Jamelia has 5 shirts. There are 3 buttons on each shirt. How many buttons are there in total on Jamelia’s shirts? _., buttons 4. Write a different number in all four boxes to make both calculations correct. x = 10 x 5. Alfred has 16 socks. Each sock is part of a pair. Circle the calculation that tells you how many pairs of socks he has. 16x 2=32 16+4=4 What number does each item of clothing stand for? Are your multiplying and CIE a SMC aS aDaa} actions when you split things into equal parts. To split numbers into equal parts you need to divide: This triangle is split sree acs eee into 3 equal parts. pets Sea 1 + of it is coloured. So % of 8is2.—F DRL) 1. John has made a picture of a steam train using shapes. He has coloured in a fraction of each shape. a) How many shapes have 4 coloured? b) How many shapes have + coloured? ©) How many shapes have 3 coloured? people3. Half of the boats in a harbour have sails. Ellie counts that there are 6 boats with sails. How many boats are there in the harbour in total? 4. Fill in the missing fractions on this number line. 5. Pick a number from a balloon to fill in each box These clues tell you how many cars in this car park are each colour. The rest of the cars are green How many cars are green? Try colouring the cars in! RC eR ae a) ye Pee a aCe Lae gSMeasuring Lengths, masses, volumes and temperatures can be measured using scales Here’s an example 100; The water comes up to 80 halfway between 40 and 60. The jug is measuring 605 4—So there are 50 ml of volume in ml. a water in the jug. 1. Use a ruler to measure the widths of these weather symbols. Then write ‘snowflake’, ‘cloud’ or ‘sun’ on the dotted lines to make the sentences correct The sun is 1 cm wider than the The is half as wide as the . One day, the temperature in the evening Morning Evening is 10 °C lower than in the morning A Colour the ‘Evening’ thermometer to show this information.3. Kwame has collected rainwater in some different containers. Put a tick under the container with the most water in it. 4, Jo wants to weigh a giant hailstone that landed in her garden, She puts a bowl on her scales, and then puts the hailstone in the bowl. What is the mass of the hailstone? An Extra Challenge The rain has washed the numbers off Ashley's rain pot. There are 250 ml of water in the pot. Write a number in each box so that the scale on the pot is correct. Vee aC a a maa (rgba aa la cy You can add up how much coins You can work out how are worth. For example: much change you need. For example, if you pay for this & Juice with a 50p coin, you'll get: 50p + 20p + 5p Now Try These 1. Carrie buys a carton of milk that costs 60p. She pays with a 50p coin and a 20p coin. Tick the box under the coins that will give her the right amount of change. 2. Jordan buys some cereal that costs 80p. He pays for it using only this type of coin. How many coins does he use? Circle your answer. 5 6 a 8 3. Vena has 70p in her purse. She buys these two items. How much money is left in her purse?ts 62p. She pays the exact amount using 4, Ora buys 9 yoghurt that cost the coins below and one more coin thats Hidden under her Purse: ue of the hidden coin? What is the v o es t= 5, A breakfast menu is shown below. 'p) Bina buys two different items. She spends 40p it total What does she buy? ‘An Extra Challenge Trace a path to each object. The coins you pass over on the way should add up to the object's price. Some coins are missing, Draw the shape of the missing coin in each box and write in its value. CR CR La ese Oy ena i) | | @4. Ora buys a yoghurt that costs 62p. She pays the exact amount using the coins below and one more coin that’s hidden under her purse. What is the value of the hidden coin? 5. A breakfast menu is shown below. a) Angus buys one item. He pays with this coin and gets 20p change. What does he buy? b) Bina buys two different items. She spends 40p in total. What does she buy? Trace a path to each object. I The coins you pass over on J the way should add up to the object's price. | Some coins are missing. 4 START | Draw the shape of the | missing coin in each box } and write in its value. How do you feel about money problems? Tick a box.Simran has made a scrapbook of her favourite memories The pages are filled with puzzles! Can you solve them all? I woke up at 7 o'clock this morning to find Phil had let Squeeky loose. T took these photos before we caught her hours later! Write on each Look at the shape on the corner of each photo. photo the time Write the names of the shapes in the order that the that it was taken, photos were taken, from the earliest to the latest. e.g. ‘ten past 7’. I found this Phil said he saw ‘one that was twice dragonty as long. Phil says at the park! a lot of things... How long is the How long was dragonfly from the dragonfly that head to tail? Phil said he saw? Diddy the DragentlyMy birthday meal... Circle the coins that add up to the cost of a burger. I played the bottle game 3 times and knocked over ALL the bottles every time! How many bottles did Simran 2 people can sit in each knock over in total? cabin on the Ferris wheel. How many people are on the <. patties Ferris wheel if it's 7p full? .... Peoplefi How It Works To read a traditional clock, look at To read a digital clock, the hand and the hand. just read the This These is the are the hour. minutes. Circle all the clocks that show a time that is later than Bert's time: 2. The times show when Cain spotted an owl, a hedgehog and a weasel. Write the names of the animals in order, starting with the one he saw first.3. Beverly and Brian the beavers are building dams. a) Beverly starts building at the time shown on the clock. She builds for an hour. Write in words the time that she finishes. b) Brian starts at twenty-five past 8. He builds for three quarters of an hour. Draw hands on this clock to show what time he finishes. 4, The lines show how long it took each of these squirrels to build a nest Colour the slowest squirrel grey and the fastest squirrel orange. Guide Devra the Deer through the forest to her friends. She sets off at half past 2. The times show how long it takes to go along each path. a) What is the earliest time she could arrive? b) What is the latest time? ( 20 mins 30 mins 45 mins eome Le Finish2D shapes have sides and Shapes of the same type vertices (corners), can look very different (corner) in this set of shapes: BDishapes have faces, @ @ @ @ @ and (corners) = All shapes with 5 sides are pentagons, so three of the shapes are pentagons. FA —~ vertex For example, find all the pentagons side | [Link] at the puzzle below. Colour in the puzzle piece that fits. 2. Alan is making a floor from tiles. He uses all the hexagons from the set of tiles below. Circle all the tiles that he uses., Ben, Cosi and Dean are each describing a different shape. Draw lines to match each person to the correct shape. My shape has 5 more Ben “corners than Ava's shape. = Triangular =| — ST rism. My shape is 2D | e i. and has 3 sides. ‘Octagon Xv Triangle eo My shape has 2 | Dean Cone triangular faces My shape has 1 vertex and 1 edge. 4. Look at the number of sides of each shape. Write in the missing answer. a &' & a: -: bs ue Oo: m@- A Teo is building a 3D model out of the wooden shapes below. He wants to use three shapes for his model, where each shape has a different number of vertices Find two different combinations of shapes he could use for his model rnin) i)Patterns and Sequences _@% Shapes can be put together to make patterns. To spot patterns, , look out for shapes repeating or for lines of symmetry, w oeox@eex« ey Shapes can also be used to make sequences. Watch for what changes to find out how the sequence continues. In this sequence, another pink disc is added each time. eae BH 1. Draw or colour in two shapes in each of these patterns to complete them. gle|A| [e/Almie 2. Benny, Robyn and Juan are each thinking about what the next pattern in this sequence would look like. Put a tick next to the correct answer. 885 eae3. Draw a circle around the pattern with the correct line of symmetry. ae St 4. Some of the shapes in this pattern are missing. Draw the right shape in each empty box. v Look at the shapes below. Draw them to make some patterns of your own. You can use each shape as many times as you like. a) Can you make a pattern that is symmetrical? VEN b) What about a sequence that repeats after every third shape? ©) How about a pattern that has more than one line of symmetry? did Te erent) a] ieS & A turn goes A half turn goes A three-quarter turn a of the half of the way goes three quarters of way round a circle, round a circle. the way round a circle. ‘| = B Turns can be clockwise or anticlockwise. Clockwise turns go Anticlockwise turns go in the direction of the in the opposite direction hands on a clock: to the hands on a clock: 1. Lily is hiding in a robot factory. She has left clues to help you find her. Circle the robot she’s hiding behind. She is facing the same Ei Eh 2. Bi Bi way as the robots. + She is behind a blue robot. She is between a blue and a grey robot. ih She has a blue robot to her left. 2. The circle on the right is rotated by a quarter turn. Puta tick inside all of the circles below that it could look like now.3. Cam is facing away from you. He turns a quarter-turn to his left. Colour in the robot that he is now facing. 4. The dial below is pointing to the letter H. Ada turns it a quarter turn clockwise, followed by a half-turn. a) Which letter will it be pointing at? b) You could instead get the dial to point at Ada’s letter with one turn. Tick the correct turn. Three-quarter turn anticlockwise Half turn. Quarter turn anticlockwise You can use the letters and numbers to describe the squares in this grid. For example, the football is at C3. a) A robot moves 2 squares right and 1 square up. It lands on the square with the ball. Which square did it move from? b) The robot now wants to take the ballto 2 the goal. Describe the moves it needs to make. It must avoid any square witha 4 robot and it cannot move diagonally. @)»: Charts and Tables a a Oc} and , : can all be used to show information. You can solve problems by reading these diagrams. This diagram shows stands for > 2 items how many items Loaves | fm Vicky has baked. | Cokes B 0 She baked 3 more | Muffis\[ [| [_ | loaves than cakes. U So half a square stands for 1 item. She baked 10 cakes and muffins altogether. 1. This tally chart shows the gingerbread shapes that Vicky has made. b) How-many more Trees than Santas did she make? ©) What is the difference between the number of Trees and the number of People that she made? d) She wants to make 25 shapes altogether. How many more does she need? + She made more Santas siepe Tally than Houses, but fewer Santas than Trees. The number of People she made is double the number of Houses. a) Fill in the chart to show the missing tallies.2. Vicky asks her friends to vote for what type of pie she should bake. The pictogram shows how they voted. Vicky says, Apap Sens Til bake any pie that Chocolate pie gets more than 8 votes. Meat pie Custard pie Chocolate b) How many more votes would pumpkin pie need for Vicky to bake it? PUA ue ou This block diagram should show the flavours of some of the stands for cupcakes that Vicky has baked. see 10 cupe cakes i=) Birds have flown off with some | of the blocks. Use this information to complete the diagram: 1) Vicky baked 30 lemon cupcakes 2) She baked strawberry cupcakes as lemon cupcakes. 3) She baked garlic cupcakes than OND TW D strawberry cupcakes. PET eee ee RAL PR AR ie aoe IgIn some problems, you might need to use more than one maths topic to work out the answer. Here’s an example 1) The sum across the grid only has one number missing, so use that to work out the middle square. 3 The number fact 3 + 4 = 7 tells you that its 4~~_L= LO 2) Then use times tables to find the answer to the multiplication going down the grid: 2 x 4= . Fill in the empty squares in these grids. 3 + . Willow makes candles in all sorts of shapes. She says: “To find the number of hours a candle will burn for, count the number of sides on its top face, then multiply by two.” Fill in the table to find how long each candle will burn for. top face : 3 Number of sides 3 on top face Number of hours3. Rosie buys the items below and pays with three £20 notes. How much money does she have left? 4, When the lava lamp is pointing upwards it stands for Tf you turn it a quarter turn clockwise, it stands for Tf you turn it a quarter turn anticlockwise, it stands for 4. Fill in the boxes with the correct numbers. This a number assault course. Use the symbols and numbers in the box to 4 get from one number to the next. You can use the symbols as many times jou like but you can only use each number once. a Pipe ee coi) Ea) Ee) iePages 2-3 — Working With Numbers 1 Laura: 3 tens and 2 ones is 32. Jamie: seventeen is 17. Rohan: It has 3+2=5 tens and 7-5 = 2 ones. So his number is 52. » fs 33 The numbers go up in fives. So the missing number is 15 + 5 = 20 There are 4 carrots and 4 is an even number, s0 the carrots should be circled. de He ‘An Extra Challenge Box 2: 3 packets x 10 = 30 seeds 30 + 4 seeds = 34 seeds Box 3: 4 packets 10 = 40 seeds 40 + 9 seeds = 49 seeds Pages 4-5 — Adding and Subtracting 14+ 20 = 34 stickers Any of these with the digits in any order S+3+2 S+4+t 64341 4474 Geir 17-7 = 10, 10-4= 6,50 GP=6 54 — 26 = 28, so she has 28 sheets left. Melissa starts with 50 + 45 = 95 mi of paint She is left with 95 — 34 = 61 ml of paint in the pot. ‘An Extra Challenge 4) and b) There are four ways the cards could make a correct number sentence 15+9=24 19+5=24 4249=51 494+2=51 74241 Pages 6-7 — Multiplying and Dividing 6 pairs of shoes: 6 x 2 should be circled. 3 shelves of 4 shoes: 3 x 4 should be circled, They each get 1 pack of 3 T-shirts and 2 packs of 2 T-shirts, so they get 3 +2 +2= 7 Tshirts each 5x3=34+34+3+343= 15 buttons 2x5 or Sx Zand 1x 10 or 10 1 (in either order) 16 socks in pairs means 16 split into groups of 2. So the correct caleulation is 16 + 2-= 8. An Extra Challenge 2x 10620, so fh 2. 5545011,50 f= 112022, 50M} -22 Pages 8-9 — Fractions 1.) 2shapes have $ coloured —B f ) 1 shape has coloured — 1 © A shapes have + coloured — OO peeps se wena for te bo so of 66+ 3 =2 people re goa to work Half the number of boats is 6, Two halves make one whole, so there are 2x 6 = 6 + 6 = 12 boats in total. The nap re gl wp by . So te fracon ere 9+ 3=3, so 7 of 1=3, 1 6+2=3,s0 5 of 6=3. One halfis the same os two quarters, so Zl of 63 ‘An Extra Challenge $ of 353+ 3-1, sothere's J of 10s 16+ 4 = 4, so there are 4 blue cars #phila, waaras There are 12 cars in the car park in total, 12-1-4-3=4, so there are 4 green cars. Pages 10-11 — Measuring “te howisewneeng ff] thermometer should show 5 °C. i 15 mand 13 ml of water, @ 50 the middle one should be ticked. The bowl by itself weighs 250 grams. The bowl and the hailstone weigh 350 grams. So the hailstone weighs 350 ~ 250 = 100 grams. An Extra Challenge There are 5 steps between 0 and 250, soak sep worth 50m lene Count from the bottom of the container: (3) 0750"“1007150"~2007250™300 Loo} So this isthe correct scale The containers have 7 mi,Answers Pages 12-13 — Money 1. 50p+ 20p =70p, so she ges. coun @ @ @@ ip + Tp + 2p + Sp = 10p. So these coins should be ticked uw e Tes a 10p coin. 10p x 8 = 80p, so he uses 8 coins 70p - 40p = 30p. 30p ~ 15p = 15p So Vena has 15p left in her purse. The coins shown add to 20p + 10p + 10p + 2p = 42p. 62p - 42p = 20p, so the hidden coin is a 20p. @ Its a £1 coin, so he spent £1 - 20p = 80p. The item that costs 80p is the ) The only two items that add up to 40p are the Toast (10p) and the Bacon (30p) ‘An Extra Che Pages 14-15 — Scrapbook Memories @ wwentyto11 Bp quarerto8 Md tento9 square, tangle, circle On the ruler, each mark is worth 2 em + 2.= 1 em. The head of the dragonfly starts one mark above O cm, so it starts at 1 cm. The tail of the dragonfly ends one mark above 6 cm, soit ends at 7 cm. So the dragonfly is 7 — 1 = 6 cm long, bemx2=6+6= 120m The burger and chips cost £2. ‘The chips cost 70p, so the burger cost £2 = 70p = £1.30. You can make £1.30 with £1, 20p and 10p, so those coins should be circled. 3x5 = 15 bottles The Ferris wheel has 8 cabins. So a full Ferris wheel Lig toate a peiple Pages 16-17 — Time has 8 x 2 = 16 people. foero wef Hedgehog, Weasel, Owl (7:05 = five past 7) @) Beverly starts building at five to So she finishes at five to 10 (or nine fifty-five) ©) 45 minutes after twenty-five past 8 is ten past 9 So the clock should Look lke this Fastest i 4° An Extra Challenge @) half past 2 + 30 mins + 30 mins + 30 mins = 4 o'clock half past 2+ 45 mins + 45 mins + = twenty past 4 Pages 18-19 — Shapes 1 Match the holes with the shapes. This piece should be coloured. All the 6-sided shapes should be circled @ oy —Twiangle Ben — Cone Octagon Dean — Triangular Prism Each shape stands for the numberof sides thas: Me = 3, 4 and @-6 So@+ MM A -6+4+3-13 ‘An Extra Challenge The shapes have these numbers of vertices 8 oO Teo could use any three with a different number of vertices. So, he can't put A\ and [ in the same model, or Band @, but any other combination is allowed. For example, he could make aa a model using A, Band @. ———> Pages 20-21 — Patterns and Sequences $$3444 (mlo|a[mlo[4/a[e)4'In each step of the sequence, cone more white dot is added tothe pattern. So next is: —> The two sides should match when the pattern is folded along the line of symmetry, The top and bottom rows repeat hearts and spirals. The middle row repeats one spiral and two hearts. An Extra Challenge For example Pages 22-23 — Position and Direction Bogo5 B2O82 BOSRE A quer tum MM Nauare tan oti oncccwce’ Cam is now facing this robot: ———7 a) After a quarter turn clockwise, the dial is pointing to B. Then after a half tur, i's pointing to F b) Quarter turn anticlockwise 7 ‘An Extra Challenge fa a) Square A2 [i 3 Move tsquve tet. BA 1. Only one place matches all the clues. Lily is hiding behind the circled robot. Move 2 squares down. Move 3 squares right. Pages 24-25 — Charts and Tables 1. @) Vicky made 4 Houses and 6 Trees. [i The only number more than 4 but less than 6 is 5. So she made Double 4 is 4x 2= 4+ 4=8, so she made 8 People She made 6—5 = 1 more Tree than Santas. The difference is 8 — She has made 8 + 4+ 5 + 6 = 23 shapes already. So she needs to make 2 more to get to 25. = 3 votes, so = 1 vote and (, = 2'votes Pumpkin pie got 1 vote, chocolate pie got 4 votes, meat pie gat 3 votes and custard pie got 8 votes. @) Only the chocolate pie got more than 8 votes, so it should be circled. The pumpkin pie needs another 8 votes. (1+ 8 = 4 is more than 8.) An Extra Challenge 1 block + 10x are 3 blocks for Lemon. + 30x 2= 30+ 30= 60 So there are 6 blocks for Strawberry + 60-1050. So there are 5 blocks for Garlic. Pages 26-27 — Mixed Problems Seanbery Leman Garte 1 | 3 BE Number of sides on top face Number of hours : Rosie can buy the telephone with one £20 note and. get £20~ £16 = £4 back. She can buy the radio with another £20 note and get £20 - £18 = £2 back. Then she has £20 + £4 + £2 = £26 left. So after buying the guitar she has £26 ~ £25 = £1 left You could also add up the prices of the three items cand take this away from £60 (£20 x 3): E16 + £18 + £25 = £59, £60 - £59 = £1 left Q + aoe-2+3+4-10 => Q-2-2 6 An Extra Challenge ae oat fal a Tagen