Introduction & Scope of
operative Dentistry
Prepared By:
Dr: Kareem Hamdi
BDS, MDS, Phd Operative Dentistry, Faculty of
Dentistry , Mansoura University
Operative dentistry is the branch or specialty
that deal with diagnosis, treatment and
prognosis of hard dental tissue ( enamel and
dentin)
Operative Dentistry
The branch that deals with aesthetic functional restoration
Cariology
Dental caries: acidogenic process that lead to demineralization of
inorganic part of tooth structure and disintegration of the organic part
Dentin caries Enamel (Incipient) caries
e e r i n g
n ch
Ve b l ea
Management of
discolored teeth
Aim and Scope of
Operative Dentistry
Is the determination of
the nature of the disease
Diagnosis after clinical examination
and test investigation
It includes procedures
Prevention undertaken before the
appearance of signs and
symptoms or to reduce the extent
of the disease
Oral hygiene measures
Fluoride application
It includes procedure
Interception
undertaken to limit the
extent or progress of the
disease
Remineralized enamel
Preservation of the
pulp vitality and
preservation
remaining tooth
structure
Restoring aesthetic,
and function
restoration
Through regular
Maintenance check & patient
recall
Nomenclature In Operative Dentistry
• Tooth Numbering system
• Terminology related to tooth structure
• Terminology related to dental caries
• Terminology related to cavity preparation
• Classification of cavity preparation
Tooth numbering system
Federation Dentaire
Palmer System
International FDI
American Dental Association system
ADA
Palmer Numbering System
The Palmer notation consists of a symbol (⏌⎿ ⏋⎾) designating in which quadrant the
tooth is found and a number indicating the position from the midline. Adult teeth are
numbered 1 to 8, with deciduous (baby) teeth indicated by a letter A to E.
American Dental Association Numbering system ADA
Permanent teeth are numbered 1-32,
starting with the third molar (1) on the
right side of the upper arch, following
around the arch to the third molar (16)
on the left side, and descending to the
lower third molar (17) on the left side,
and following that arch to the terminus
of the lower jaw, the lower right third
molar (32)
Federation Dentaire International Numbering system FDI
For adults, the mouth is divided into quadrants numbered from 1 to 4 clockwise
starting from the upper-left from the dentist's view. (The patient's right
corresponds to tooth chart's left side). The adult teeth are numbered from 1 to 8,
going from the central incisor, canines, premolars to the third molar
Terminology related to tooth structure
Mesial: the surface of the tooth close to anterior midline
Distal: the surface of the tooth away from midline
Labial: the surface of the tooth toward the lip
Buccal: the surface of the tooth toward the check
Lingual: the surface of the tooth toward the tongue
Incisal : the cutting surface of the anterior teeth
Occlusal: the cutting surface of the posterior teeth
Terminology
related to tooth
structure
Nomenclature related to dental
caries
Dental caries: acidogenic process that lead to demineralization of
inorganic part of tooth structure and disintegration of the organic part
White-Spot Lesion (Incipient lesion)
White-spot lesion (“white spot”) is a popular term for non-cavitated early enamel
lesions.
Deep
Dentin
Caries
o g y
Primary Caries: i nol
erm
Primary caries is a caries lesion on previously sound tooth surface. s t
r i e
Secondary Caries/Recurrent Caries: Ca
Secondary caries/recurrent caries is a caries lesion developed adjacent to a restoration.
Recurrent/ 2ndry Caries Primary caries
Rampant Caries:
Rampant caries is a historic term used to describe
multiple caries lesions in the same patient, often used in
association with early childhood caries or radiation caries.
Non-Carious lesions
o n i o n on
t triti
ras osi
A Ab E r
Attrition: It is defined as a physiological, continuous, process
resulting in loss of tooth structure from direct frictional forces
between contacting teeth. It occurs both on occlusal and proximal
surfaces. Attrition is accelerated by parafunctional mandibular
movements, especially bruxism.
Abrasion: It refers to the loss of tooth substance induced by
mechanical wear other than that of mastication. Abrasion results
in saucer-shaped or wedge-shaped indentations with a smooth,
shiny surface
Aggressive
tooth
brushing.
Erosion: It can be defined as a loss of tooth substance by a chemical process that
does not involve known bacterial action. The eroded area appears smooth, hard and
polished.
Gastro intestinal Reflux Acidic Beverage
Disease GERD
Surgical cut of diseased part
of tooth structure
Cavity Preparation : is a mechanical alternation to remove
the diseased part of tooth structure
G.V Black classification
Class I Cavity preparation
Compound
“Occlusal” cavity
Class II “Occlusal
-proximal” Complex MOD cavity
Class III
“Proximal
anterior “
Class IV
Incisal /
Proximal
Class IV
“ Cervical”
Line angle: the junction
between two planes
Point angle: the junction between
three planes
Cavo-surface angle
The angle between the
external tooth surface and the
cavity wall.