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Electrodynamics 1

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Aditya Garg
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28 views7 pages

Electrodynamics 1

Uploaded by

Aditya Garg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
@) ELECTRODYNAMICS | Amperee Cireaital L Baas} aa so == Scanned with CamScanner ven ay Wot De CNT Hv aMlystnute the centinulty, Fer ear esnishley gone Fe can just utscin along th Comes in eure oF a ealy ten Ys 9 conduction caticnt betsseci Hae patos ab the capac tor be cease rae Taanig cnn he tangent atrase the fae Top € thee ds hissit Mus, he, oy a ti Me ent ay Tes ab, kb, a cach plats one A dh erecta tea of let Heh havea th plate HQ isthe dtp plate cn Qe 1 u(Q) ao hed o hus the sum of Ff, the sane forthe lanp €, 0 well Foy Ieowong Hs continiity hile Fad, ane net india cn jsplacement Current In oietorgo nly nth thot pee naignctic Hoh 14s aw felted s0il the tnetion fhe tay ab, Us agente ts era he 9, time the rate dt hhamge ot th + Displacement current serve the oampomllGbgating th verent continua acraygthe dicate ebyadt MAXWELLS EQUATIONS There ane four Maxwell equattons as follows fras=o frat Lf nai Jost of lectromantic ton Wy Mt He bs \neteeMneaelle bw ‘ Vitter cutial orm of acres Ladations, Uy Lateral tera Case Tey Be eter Mit ats aL a WeDo Dep hore 1 ebay the eleetele dugacoment veewn ( ~L2 lt le ee (ar) ur Ditters ates eed C10 lan lemugnetceaicn a 2, funghiticacata toro Vache ts lectromapnat Artution iinet Of o an C= 028 = gd + Wypyree Mad +My 05 Cut Vath 0 5 OR a f Wave fn Vacuums ave Liguattons tn eave of wicehanleal wives « function (4, 0, repeesenting the displacement at any qerint along the nexels suey the fleeing differential erative yet) ot aye), a art Ahi ets calle the ove eaten and tothe speed ef preggo ofthe wave Plane Wave: 5 o0ssei sich a ay lta. ths eld ate torr inet any pine perpendicular to the direct ef geugagation, 2 called a plane wave Pewter of eeetromagnetic waver: LAM ssven ae tanseces i mature. 2 Shore ti efinite ratio lat soem the mugahvades af Vand ats weaves can be pelatized 1c how reqle= ary raeiiue fot thet peogevesten “gmat for Had Wy Iv eacson on fers spc then fo current Tn, fora tegians where ¢= and J = 0, Mize lem Peeeenes et Scanned with CamScanner of coupled. first-order partial di il. we cquations constitute a s ferential equations. Taking eutl of Since TX(W VE 2 B)-V" Eandalso VF therefore. the above expeession reduces to (using i) larly, taking curl of (iv) yields cE va(vea)eve, ns, = (waa) (* =] Since Ux(Pa 8)=V6.B)-°B as V B=, therefore, gs (3) sod (4) ore secondorda general wave 69. (1). foe free space. Sinai hase vals in (Sh SINUSOIDAL ELECTROMA. Ina sinusoidal electiomagnenie wave. the Held vcs Fant B at sy point in space are Sinusoidal function of time. Seine sinusoid tleciromaznetic waves ate plans waves, Hlsctromagnetie Wane produced by an oveillting punt charge ate an eNample of sin soidal waves Sinusoidal slectromagnetic wastes cam be rept wis just lke the Waves ona sting, transverse wae travel ssc by inthe r\ — dietion along a steht 38.1) Veo tks — vt} uy Let E,¢6.0 204 B, 16, be the instantaneous slugs at they \d 2eéanponent of Berespectivels. Let Fad B., spline of theve fields. Therefore, the Wave Func= tions ja = direction ane Fea -F cobs a Be Bggcoix-wa | Git | The above expressiel canal be exprewed as Flvt)=JF_,,cotte=av) i alsa cos(ie—en i) where J and gone the unit vectors along $+ andl cannes respee wy {nthe exponential fom the above mentio sss in ua be refresented as 0 sates. w 4 hers s+ isthe polarization vector the direction ofthe E feld vee tor) The actual electtic and magictc field. of a plane sinusoidal rete Wane cat he expressed as won smn(t et) Te Scanned with CamScanner Energy density associated with a magnet field B fs given y= Le we 2 shee, is the perm Ther ily oF the Fe sfore the total eneray density given by: a ee 2 2a ‘or electromagnetic wives in free space tale ifol aw “herefore, the fot energs density can fs be expressed as fatale elaP eae! ind Payntins Ve Mi saves carry eneruy. Energy is transferred per unit ime por anit erusssectional ft us eunsider there is a stationery plane pemendicular to the avis which reulartime Let dh tothe Fight of the plane oincides with the waelront at dhe wavelront moves a distance Ws ‘cc us eunsidering area ‘on this stationary’ plane. he volume dV ofthis repionis area times the length edt The enerey dU inthis density times the Valume dV dl ud <(e, Eve gy flwing per unit time per unit arcaisgiten by:= The Slunitaf Sie Js mo 1 Hed the Poyatng exon that como he energy Mow ate, ae gehen a Thus, the Poyming veto gives Bens Dos peri asa pee ni time through a eross-sctional area Pespendicul tothe direc= ion of propagation, Expression for Powers given “ {s lect and magni fields ay hime othe Pop mting vos Loris also fnetion of time. The averse ale of Sa point i Called the intensity ofthe aditin. Let Fw 1) and Bye ere “seems ycomponen of E and 7compunsnt of B respectively of “nulla elestemagnstie wane tus ‘= ieans(ie-ot) Blas ag oot) The intensity of he smasoldal wave therefore en b= om Lie Afr, cotte-nellinentte-ol) 7 As jd 7 and eos (hx is alas paste 28 eos'(teo4) alas [rn con2( teen] o The ime agfage sale of cus 2(kx~ wt) is zero because at any point ¢beaine it peste during one halfcycle and negative tring the other hal) Soghe average ale ofthe Poynting vector over ill eyeleis 5,518. where 7 ® ty — Thatis the magna average valve ofS for sinasodal ‘wave ishallimes the maim value, A. E,,, = €B,. the inne sity ean be expressed as- a Lace ae pectin bs Emax Similarly. for a wave travelling in the ~\-direction, the Poy ing \sctor isin the —irection, Lliclectrie medium we ean replace ¢, by €.m, by mand eby¥ ‘Momentum low and Radiation Pressure stromgnetic waves carry momentum p, sith a corresponding momentum density (momentum dp per volume dV) of magnitude dp EBS won w Ina si the ld The volume J’ oesupi by the eestromagna through an aea Ain tine dis Ve Ad 8 equation (1). meget Lap 8) eB fd ene waves the momentum is assoctated wave that passes sitting this in 2 This isthe momentum transfered per unit surface area per unit time. We can oblain the average rate of momentum transfer per tunit area by repcing S in equation (3) by S, This momentum transfer is responsible forthe phenomenon of f+ iaion pressure, Let the surface is perpendicular to the propaga tion decetion dp dt ‘The average fopee per unit area duc tothe wave of radiation pres dp sure p,, isthe average value of 2 atid by the absorbing are Scanned with CamScanner Sainon pressure Fu given Toh oad 0 Tsing ange ABSA “ The Mavwells equations becwmes= ve © vise, “ cane he wavestotlyrlectethemomentian change st186 VT 0 . in) pra given by 7 2S. 2 5 i Po 6 coe 1 for iest sunlight (or b for di r in For exami, hea oS, is anise apne passes through the Pot 0 Fi Fora totally reflecting surface py" 284.7 8104 P POYNTING'S THEOREM: IN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES) ic wave is propayatine ale ts consider an el tecirie and magnctic fields F and B aloni is also piven by sis with the Jeanie respectively, The direction of propagation the propagation veetor (ESB). A Dave e8) amt vil Tubing the divergence of the Posting vector in free space a ae ¥ (Ei) =F (eE)-F (Pa) Using PREG 718. EA7t on by The velocity of wave propagation in a mediantis gi Ie‘is the relative permitiviy or dielectric constant of the di tric snthat e- ¢,6, and me is the relative permeability ofthe di im) m,.then trom eg (5) bs wove trie so that m a surface Sis enclosing avai foton ove the vlums Vee fe thearen on the LIDS. eee on the 1.) For most dielectrics mn, i very nearly equal to unity. Therefore 12) a eRe Zo Ten ” 2. (2) represents the Poynting theosin dng to shih “As he electric constants always grewer than nie, the spect fenorgy flaw per unit ime (~ power PY out of elosed surfaces fhe Riegel aS over the surface Le. of electromagnetic waves ina dielectric f:- pafSeaa vesbe Ver ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES INA The rai ofthe sped in acu DIELECTRIC MEDIUM alle the relactive index ofthe mater. Theretoe, leu conser an EM ane f propagating tou deci ne irs = fee (shenme = 1 () material having permiivitye an permeability m dna mediums B= ellandD= me specu ina material | Scanned with CamScanner ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES INA CONDUCTING MEDIUM ‘ct us conser an TMF vase Fy pensation fms ‘ncous esting stein a peraltiity &,petineabilty 1, ee Inctivity $ and Gece change devslty 1, Aevonliny 0 Olnn's bn he eurren density Jin a conduct 1 proportions wo the elect il a Here Mayes Ym val in) ww) Ihe continuity equation foe free ange is piven by ap, o Using Ohn’s law JE> SE and Gauss law VF

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