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PROPELLERS
(FIXED & CPP)
&
SHAFTING
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 1
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Content
• Propeller and shafting arrangement
• Shafting alignment
• Thrust block
• Stern tube – water & oil lubricated
• Propeller mounting and dismounting
• Propeller slip calculations
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 2
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Propeller and Shafting
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 3
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Propeller and Shafting
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 4
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Shafting Alignment
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 5
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Shafting Alignment
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 6
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Thrust Block
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 7
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Thrust pads on support ring
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 8
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Fitting of the Stern tube bush
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 9
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Stern Tube
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 10
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Water lubricated Stern Tube
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 11
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Water lubricated Stern Tube
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 12
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Water lubricated Stern Tube
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 13
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Water Lubricated Stern Tube
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 14
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Water lubricated Stern Tube
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 15
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Water lubricated Stern Tube
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 16
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Oil Lubricated Stern tube
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 17
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Oil Lubricated Stern tube
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 18
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Aft Oil Seal
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 19
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Aft Oil Seal
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 20
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Aft Oil Seal
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 21
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FWD Seal
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 22
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FWD Seal
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 23
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Oil Lubricated Stern Tube
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 24
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Oil Lubricated Stern Tube
• The stern tube is fitted at the stern frame and internal
framing of vessel's hull at aft peak. This allows the tail
shaft to rotate smoothly in the bearing area ( bronze
bush white metal lined with longitudinal oil groves ) with
oil bath lubrication system for uninterrupted propulsion.
The stern bush is to guide the tail [Link] stern tube is
locked in place by a lock nut and a locking key.
• - The stern glands seal the area between the stern tube
and the propeller shaft. The glands are attached at the
forward end of the stern tube and prevent the passing of
sea water into the ship. The glands also prevent the
leaking of oil from the stern bearings into the sea.
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 25
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Oil Lubricated Stern Tube
• The thrust block transfers the thrust from the propeller to
the hull of the ship. The casing of the independent thrust
block is in two halves which are joined by fitted bolts .
The thrust loading is carried by bearing pads which are
arranged to pivot or tilt.
• With increased environmental awareness and new
legislation, there has been a return to seawater
lubricated stern tube bearing systems. Improvements in
water lubricated material technologies have resulted in
greater choice of materials which can now offer
improved and predictable bearing wear life with zero risk
of oil pollution from the stern tube.
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 26
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Aft stern tube seal with rope guard
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 27
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Stern frame
Stern tube
Aft peak bulkhead Tail shaft
Stern bush Forward seal
White metal
propeller
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 28
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Stern frame
Stern tube
Aft peak bulkhead
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 29
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Stern bush
White metal
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 30
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Tail shaft
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 31
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Sketch of stern tube
Aft peak
Propeller bulkhead
Stern frame Oil bath
Stern tube lubrication Tail shaft
Stern bush system Forward seal
White metal
Aft peak tank space
Aft seal
Stern tube
lock nut
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 32
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Tail shaft & Stern tube stresses
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 33
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Dry Dock Stern tube wear down
measurement
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 34
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Question
• How is the propeller
dismounted or mounted to
the tailshaft (aka propeller
shaft)?
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 35
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Fitting & Removing Propeller
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 36
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Fitting & Removing Propeller
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 37
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Fitting & Removing Propeller
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 38
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Propeller withdrawal with strong-back
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 39
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Fitting Propeller
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 40
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Fitting Propeller
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 41
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Propeller cap fitting
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 42
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Propeller rope guard
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 43
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Fitting & Removing Propeller
• Use the propeller hydraulic pressure
/distance and the temperature/Distance table for
pushing up to the required mark.
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 44
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Fitting & Removing Propeller
•Propeller is mounted onto the tailshaft
•Pilgrim nut is screwed onto the tailshaft with the
tyre facing the propeller boss
•Hydraulic pump is used to jack pilgrim nut and
thus the propeller boss up the taper of the
tailshaft to the mark.
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 45
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Fitting & Removing Propeller
•Turn the pilgrim nut and face it towards the
strongback which is secured to the propeller boss
•Use the hydraulic pump to jack the pilgrim nut
against the strongback. This will pull the
propeller from taper
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 46
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Propeller, shafting & stern tube
• Summary of topics
• Q & A session
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 47
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Propeller Definitions
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 48
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Propeller Definitions
• Pitch : axial distance moved in one
revolution when working in an unyielding
medium
• Slip : It is the difference between the
speed of the propeller and the speed of the
ship expressed as a percentage of the
propeller speed.
• Propeller Efficiency : It is the ratio of
thrust power to the delivered power to the
propeller.
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 49
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Best propulsion efficiency by shipboard Practices
• Annual Propeller blades polishing by divers
• Maintain a straight-line course whenever
possible by deploying auto pilot
• Efficient main engine & shafting
• Efficient hull anti fouling control system
• Avoid propeller fouling with nets and
damages.,
• Recommended propeller depth submersion.
• No overloading of propeller
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 50
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Propeller Slip Calculation
• Propeller speed axially or Theoretical speed (Vt)
Vt (knots) = (pitch x rpm x 60) / 1852
Propeller distance (n.m) = (pitch x total rev.) / 1852.
• Apparent Slip (+/- Sa): difference between propeller
speed (Vt) and ship speed (Vs) i.e
•Sa = (Vt - Vs ) / Vt x100%
• Real Slip (Sr): difference between propeller speed (Vt) and speed
of advance (Va) i.e Sa = (Vt - Va ) / Vt
Speed of advance: speed relative to wake current
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 51
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Propeller Slip Calculation 1
• Q1
a)Explain the meaning of the term ‘slip’.
b)A ship’s propeller has a pitch of 5.1 m ; in 24
hours steaming at a propeller speed of 91
rev./min, it was found that the vessel logged
331 nautical miles. Find the percentage slip.
Answer 8.3%
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 52
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Propeller slip calculations 2
• Q 2 Over the last 24 hours, the main
engine of a ship was found to make
144000 revolutions. If the pitch of the
propeller is 6 m, and the actual distance
covered by the ship was 380 miles,
calculate the apparent slip.
• 18.55%
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 53
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Propeller slip calculations 3
• Q3- At 12 noon, the engine revolution
counter read 402500. Twenty four hours
later, the reading was 493100. If the pitch
of the propeller is 4.25 metres, calculate
the distance that the ship has travelled
over the last twenty four hours, assuming
that a slip of 9%. (189.2 n.m)
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 54
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Propeller slip calculations 4
• Q 4- The pitch of a propeller of a vessel is
5m. It is required to steam at a speed of
12.5 knots. If 5% slip is assumed, what
should be the engine speed, in revolutions
per minute. (81.2 rpm)
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 55
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CPP - Content
• Advantages & Disadv. of CPP
• Types of CPP – Hub and
external Servo
• Hub servo type in detail
• Operation of the hub servo.
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 56
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Controllable pitch propellers
(CPP)
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 57
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Propeller and Shafting
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 58
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Controllable Pitch Propeller
Advantages
• Improved manoeuvrability
• Fewer engine starts
• No need for reversing arrangement.
• Higher engine efficiency
• Engine driven auxiliaries possible
Disadvantages
• Heavier propeller
• More complicated – trained personnel
• Lower propeller efficiency (large hub/diameter
ratio)
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 59
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Controllable Pitch Propeller (CPP)
CPP can be divided into two types:
1. Hub Servo
• Single acting with safety spring
• Double acting with / without safety spring
2. External Servo
Note:
• Servo is a mechanism to alter the propeller pitch.
• Safety spring is used in case of hydraulic system
failure, spring pushed the servo piston to make
ahead pitch
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 60
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CPP
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 61
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Controllable Pitch Propeller
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 62
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CPP mechanical mechanism
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 63
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Controllable Pitch Propeller
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 65
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Controllable Pitch Propeller
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 66
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Controllable Pitch Propeller
Precautions during following circumstances
• Before starting the main engine ( e.g. Hydraulic
pump running, control position, zero pitch )
• Entering harbour or confined water.
(e.g. control position, small pitch movement and
observe response, test bridge control with
engine speed and propeller pitch are effectively
controlled.
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 67
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Controllable Pitch Propeller
Emergency hand control of pitch and engine
revolution (e.g hand control of pitch and engine
rpm check)
Manual Control is required when:-
the telemotor system fails, a hand operated
control valve is fitted.
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 68
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Controllable Pitch Propeller
If the main servo (in propeller hub) fails, the
system may have either an emergency servo or
a mechanical link.
• Note:
1. Main hydraulic pumps must be stopped.
2. The engine must be stopped.
3. Maximum shaft rpm is about 70% full.
4. Gravity tank should be kept full to lubricate system and
prevent leakage of sea water into hub .
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 69
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Controllable Pitch Propeller
• Summary of topics
• Q & A session
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 70
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• Some extra slides.
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 71
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Podded drives
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 72
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Sterntube Lubrication Oil Diagram
(natural lubrication)
A = Header tank with level alarm
B = Tank for aft seal
C = Tank for forward seal
D = Sump tank
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 73
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Ship in shipyard.
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 74
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Stern view of propeller
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 75
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Tenaga 3 ship stern arrangements
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 76
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Tenaga 5 aft end.
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 77
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Ship in drydock
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 78
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Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 79
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Video
• Sternguard In-water serviceable seal
Animation Wärtsilä
• How a Thordon COMPAC Stern Tube
Bearing Works
Propeller, Stern Tube and shafting A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / 5may20/ @ 80
