Module 4 revision
2017
1. What is meant by the term stockmanship?
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2. Give two examples of good stockmanship when rearing poultry.
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3. Distinguish between artificial and natural incubation of eggs.
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4. How long is the incubation period of an ostrich egg?
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5. Fig 1 shows chicks in brooding unit before and after a change of an environmental factor.
Before the change of environmental factor after the change of environmental factor
I suggest the environmental factor responsible for the change in the distribution of chicks in fig1
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Ii suggest two ways of modifying the effect of the environmental factor in B.
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_______________________________________________________________________________[2]
6. For either broilers, or layers or rabbits or dairy animals or pigs:
[a] Describe tasks involved in the rearing of young stock [6]
[b] Explain how to handle the animal safely [4]
7. [a] outline the phases/stages of the oestrus cycle in a cow [4]
[b] Describe hormonal changes that occur in each stage of the cycle [6]
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2016
1. [a][i] State two challenges of range management in Botswana
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____________________________________________________________________________[2]
[ii] Recommend a solution for one of the challenges stated.
Name of challenge____________________________________________________________
Solution_____________________________________________________________________[1]
[b] Why do decreasers reduce in quality when grazing pressure intensifies?
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________[1]
[c] A ranch of 288 hectares has a carrying capacity of 6 ha per LSU. The ranch currently carries
27 mature cows, 3 bulls and 60 goats.
1 mature cow or bull = 1 LSU and 6 goats = 1LSU
[i] Calculate the current stocking rate of the ranch in ha per LSU.
Show your working
_________________ha per LSU [2]
[ii] What can be concluded about the current stocking rate of this ranch?
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________[1]
[iii] The farmer decides to keep only goats in the coming season.
Calculate the number of goats the ranch can carry when correctly stocked.
__________________________________________________________________________ [2]
2. Describe for a broilers or layers or dairy animals or pigs the following:
[a] The type of housing needed to raise the livestock [6]
[b] The production and financial records that need to be kept. [4]
3. [a] What is meant by the term oestrus cycle? [1]
[b] Discuss the stages of the oestrus cycle in cow [8]
[c] Give one reason why knowledge of a cow’s oestrus cycle is important to a farmer. [1
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2015
1. Fig 1 shows a section through a reproductive system of a cow.
[i]name the part labeled Y
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[ii] In which part does implantation of the zygote take place?
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[iii] Name and state the function of one hormone produced in x
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2. Fig 2 shows a section through the digestive tract of a ruminant.
[i] Name the part labeled E
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[ii] State the function of the part labeled D.
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[iii]name one enzyme produced in F that digest carbohydrates.
__________________________________________________________________________________[1]
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3. Choose one disease from the list below:
Anthrax, aphosphorosis, botulism, coccidiosis, Newcastle, foot and mouth, heartwater.
For the chosen disease briefly describe:
[a] the cause of the disease and examples of animals affected by the disease [2]
[b] How the farmer can notice that an animal is affected by the disease [4]
[c] The steps a farmer can take to prevent and control the disease. [4]
2014
[1]. A 100 hectare farm is dominated by grass species that get reduced as soon as grazing increases. The
farm consists of the following livestock; 100 cow, 1 bull, 20 goats and 15 sucking calves
[a] What type of grass species dominate the farm?
___________________________________________________________________________[1]
[b] Given that; 1 com = LSU, 1bull = 1.25LSU, 1 goat = 0.5 LSU, 1 sucking calf = 0LSU
Calculate the stocking rate of the farm in LSU/ha. Show your working
[c] Given that the carrying capacity of the farm is 0.5 LSU/ha; what can be concluded about the stocking
rate of this farm? Give a reason for your answer.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________[2]
2[a] Describe digestion in the stomach of a ruminant [6]
[b] Explain how digested food is absorbed in a ruminant [4]
3 [a] Describe the life cycle of a named internal parasite of grazing stock. [5]
[b] State and explain five observations which indicate a farm animal is healthy. [5]
2013
1. [a] State two practices that show good stockmanship when rearing young stock of either
broilers, layers, rabbits, dairy animals or pigs
Name of young stock ________________________
Practice:
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[i]_____________________________________________________________________________
[ii]__________________________________________________________________________[2]
[b][i] Complete table 1.1 by stating the site of production and the function of the hormone in
the reproductive system of a ruminant.
Table 1.1
hormone Site of production function of hormone
Progesterone _________________________ Stops subsequent heat
Follicle stimulating Anterior pituitary
testesterone Testis _________________________________
[3]
[ii] What is the significance of increased levels of oestrogen towards the heat period in a cow?
___________________________________________________________________________________[1]
2. Discuss game farming in Botswana under the following:
[a] measures put in place by the government to ensure development of game farming [5]
[b]the use of capture corrals or game capture drugs, dart guns or cross bows to capture game
animals [5]
3. Write brief notes on the following terms as used in range management.
[a] decreasers [4]
[b] Increasers [3]
[c] Invaders [3]
2012
1. [a] What is meant by stockmanship in livestock production?
_________________________________________________________________________________[1]
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[b] Use the statements about the levels of hormones in the reproductive system of a ruminant to
complete the table below.
Increased level of progesterone reduced level of progesterone
Increased level of oestrogen reduced level of oestrogen
Increased level of oestrogen reduced level of oestrogen
Increased level of luteinizing hormone reduced level of luteinizing hormone
Stage of reproductive cycle Hormonal level
Ovulation
Oestrus
Spermatogenesis
Pregnancy
2.[a] State three signs of good health in farm animals.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
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[b] Different environmental conditions affect the hatchability of on ostrich eggs. Suggest an explanation
for reduced hatchability when:
[i] The relative humidity below 20%
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[ii] The temperature above 42oC
___________________________________________________________________________________[1]
3.[a] what is the governments contribution towards game farming development in Botswana?______[4]
[b]describe how game can be captured either by the use of crossbows, dart guns and game capture
drugs or use of removable capture corrals. _________________________________________[6]
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2011
1. Botswana has a wide range of vegetation that supports many different livestock enterprises.
[a] describe the vegetation found in the following:
[i] Arid/ shrub savanna.
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[ii] Woodland.
___________________________________________________________________________________[1]
[b] Keeping ostriches is one type of livestock enterprise.
[i] Name one breed of ostrich found in Botswana.
- doboshane, African black, Kalahari black
[ii] Give two reasons why ostrich meat should be preferred over beef
___________________________________________________________________________________[2]
2. Choose one disease from the list below.
Coccidiosis, trypanosomiasis, fowl typhoid, tuberculosis, mastitis, botulism, anthrax, contagious
abortion, foot &mouth,swine fever, new castle, rabbies, heartwateR, piglet anaemia,
aphosphorosis, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.
Briefly describe the disease chosen under the following;
[a] cause of disease [1]
[b] Examples of animals affected by the disease, [1]
[c] Symptoms of the disease [4]
[d] Prevention and control of the disease [4]
3. [a] outline measures that can be taken to avoid destruction of rangeland. [5]
[b] For one of the following: lucerne, stylosanthes gracilis, leucaena, sesbania or lablab, describe their:
[i] Growth habit [1]
[ii] Persistence [2]
[iii] Nutritive value [2]
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2010
1. What is the importance of selective breeding in cattle?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________[2]
2. State the relevance of the signs of heat when breeding livestock.
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________[1]
3. The diagram below shows the digestive systems of a ruminant animal. Name the structures
labeled A, B, C, D and E.
A___________________________________________________________________________________
B____________________________________________________________________________________
C___________________________________________________________________________________
D___________________________________________________________________________________
E__________________________________________________________________________________[5]
4 [a] Give four reasons for housing livestock [4]
[b] Describe with reasons the qualities of a good livestock housing [6]
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5. [a] Draw and label the diagram of the reproductive system of a hen. [6]
[b] State the function of four parts labeled in [a] [4]
6.[a] describe capture of game by the use of EITHER movable capture corrals OR crossbows, guns and
game capture drugs [5]
[b] Write short notes on the semi- intensive system of rearing ostriches [5]
2009
1. [a] sort the parasites listed below as either internal or external parasites
Flea tsetse fly
Stably fly round worm
Tapeworm mite
Tick liverfluke
External parasites Internal parasites
[b]state two characteristics of extensive range management.
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[c]outline three disadvantages of range management
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[d] A ranch is characterized by the following:
- Bare land
- Severe soil erosion
- Rapid bush encroachment
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- A lot of invaders
Discuss three measures that can be put in place to avoid further degradation of the ranch.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________[3]
2. [a] outline the qualities of a good livestock house [5]
[b] For raising either broiler, layers, rabbits, dairy animals or pigs, describe the type of housing required
[5]
3. Choose one pasture grass from the following list;
Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass)
Kikuyu
Panicum maximum (Guinea grass)
Eragrostis curvula (Weeping love grass)
Eragrostis teff (Teff grass)
Hyparrhenia sp (Thatching grass)
Cynodon dactylon (Star grass)
Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass)
Discuss the chosen grass with reference to:
Soil and climatic requirement
Form and habit of growth
Persistence
Fertilizer treatment
Nutritional value [10]
2008
1. [a] use the information below to answer the question below.
A 565 hectare farm has 3 bulls, 80 cows, 60 suckling calves, 36 heifers between 12 to 24 months, and 72
sheep.
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Livestock Number of animals equivalent to one livestock
unit
sheep 6
suckling calf 0
heifer 12-24 months 2
mature bull/ cow 1
[a] Calculate the stocking rate of the farm. Show your wor\[2]
2.[a] Describe capture of game by the use of EITHER movable capture corrals OR crossbows, dart guns
and game capture drugs. [5]
[b] Write short notes on the semi- intensive rearing of ostriches. [5]
2007
1. [a] Gve two examples of good stockmanship when handling one of the following livestock;
Broiler, layer, pig, dairy, cattle’ rabbit
Name of livestock____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________[2]
[b] Complete the table writing a hormone and/or function in the reproductive system of a ruminant
animal.
Site of production Hormone Function
Ovary
Oestrogen
Ovary _____________________________ Prepares lining/ endometrium of
the uterus for pregnancy/
sustain pregnancy
Pituitary gland Follicle stimulating hormone
__________________________
Testes _____________________________ Develops male secondary sex
characteristics
[4]
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2. Give four reasons why game farming is important.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________[4]
3[a] Draw and label the diagram of the reproductive system of a hen. [6]
[b] State the function of four parts labeled in [a] [4]
4.[a]describe the effort that the government of Botswana make to promote game farming [6]
[b] Explain how the legislative measures taken by the government ensure sustainable use of game [4]
2006
1. [a] Complete the table to show the causal agent and a host animal for the following diseases.
Disease Causal agent Host animal
Coccidiosis Protozoa ________________________
Trypanosomiasis ____________________ ________________________
Botulism ____________________ Cattle
Heart water ____________________
[6]
[b] Explain how the following might affect the management of game farm:
[i] Size of area
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________[2]
[ii] Flow of energy
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[iii] Carrying capacity
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2.[a] Describe the composition of range lands in Botswana. [5]
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2005
Fig 1. 1 shows the reproductive system of a cow. Use it to answer part [a] below.
[a][i] Name part labeled W_____________________________________________________________[1]
[ii] Name one hormone produced in Y____________________________________________________[1]
[iii] What is the function of part X?
___________________________________________________________________________________[1]
[b] State three signs of heat in a cow?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________[3]
[c] Why is it important to detect the signs of heat in a cow?
___________________________________________________________________________________[1]
[d] State the hormone that sustains pregnancy in a cow.
___________________________________________________________________________________[1]
2. [a] Describe two methods of preserving fodder.
[i]___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
[ii]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________[6]
[b] [i] what is creep feeding?
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__________________________________________________________________________________[2]
[ii] State three advantages of creep feeding.
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[c] Explain two factors that will lead to pasture deterioration.
[i]___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________[2]
[ii]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________[2]
3. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of the following systems of ostrich rearing.
[a] an extensive system [5]
[b]an intensive system [5]
Page 15 of 17
2004
1. [a] complete the table to show enzymes and the products of digestion in a ruminant animal.
Part of the digestive system Enzyme Product
_______________________ Peptides
Abomasum
_______________________ Maltose
Duodenum Lipase ______________________
_______________________ Peptides
Ileum _______________________ Simple sugars
peptidase _______________________
[b] Which animal species prefer the following areas?
[i] chobe
[ii] tuli- block
[iii]Kalahari
[c] Fig [Link] a map showing the natural vegetation found in Botswana.
A – Ngamiland district B- Central district Chobe district Kalahari district
[a] describe the type of natural vegetation found in A & B.
A____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________[3]
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B____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________[3]
2. [a] Explain how man contributes to the destruction of rangeland.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________[4]
[b] Write short notes on the following:
[i] Range
[ii] Stocking rate
[iii] Decreasers
[iv] Increasers [6]
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