Chapter 3

Methods of Research

This chapter shows several methods used to discuss and describe the nature of the study. It will

describe the research design as a guide in finishing the study, as well as the sample, instruments, data

collection, data collection procedure, and project development of the study.

3.1 Research Design

The research design that was considered by the researcher was in the form of Descriptive Method,

in order to describe the characteristics of shrimp skin to become protein source in making pellets.

Descriptive Research is focused on describing the characteristics and behaviors of the phenomenon

studied. It focuses on providing detailed information and representation of the phenomenon studied,

which can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying patterns in data [1]. Descriptive Method

will help the researchers to distinguish the positive and negative impact of shrimp skin as protein source

in making pellets.

The study requires testing procedures and experimentation in Quantitative approach to determine

the comparison of different variables. Quantitative Research is focused on systematic way of investigating

the existing phenomenon based on quantifiable data through performing mathematics and computer

approach [2]. Quantitative type of Research Design will help the researchers to find out how the

fabrication of semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine can be beneficial to the

present world by analyzing different statistical result through series of experimentation.

To prove the significant of shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine, a series of experiments,

testing and validation on numerical data was considered. The researchers used Experimental Research.

Experimental Research is a subordinate type of Quantitative Research aims to establish experimental

trials and procedures to test the hypotheses. The goal of experimental method is to deliver more definitive
and objective conclusions about the constructive relationships among variables. With this procedure,

researchers will able to gather evidence in a form of numerical data to prove the significance of shrimp

skin as protein source in making pellets and effectiveness of the fabrication of semi-automated grinding

and pelletizing machine [3].

To further discuss the existing phenomenon, the researchers considered to use Applied Research.

Applied Research is a type of research that is aimed at finding a solution to the immediate problem by

means of using fundamental research techniques and applying different method of gathering data to

generate objective research outcomes. The research gaps from existing related literatures were considered

and applied to the study to have better solution. This research design will help the researcher to fabricate

the semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine by providing innovative solutions and

practical applications of different scientific methods to solve the problem [4].

The study is semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine which was developed

from gaps in existing technologies. The researchers considered to use Developmental Research Method. It

aims to collect, analyze, and interpret data from experiments to design and develop new product [5]. This

research design is vital in the study for the researchers to considered gaps, concepts, principles, and

gathered data from previous study and applying it to develop the semi-automated shrimp skin grinding

and pelletizing machine.

3.2 The Sample

The semi-automated grinding and pelletizing machine is designed to minimize the production

time of pellets, reduce the production cost, and maximize the utilization of sustainable materials. The

researchers will use an experimental type of sample to determine the comparison between existing

pelletizing technologies and the grinding and pelletizing machine. In addition, the comparison of utilizing

shrimp skin as a protein source in making pellets compared to soybean meal will be examined. Planning
the experiment is a vital part of research to ensure that the materials comply with the study’s objective

and goals.

Different tests and trials will be done to evaluate and assess the overall performance of the shrimp

skin grinding and pelletizing machine. The Experimental data is divided into two categories: the

effectiveness of the grinding and pelletizing machine and the effect of adding shrimp skin in pellets’ raw

material on the overall health of poultry animals. The grinding and pelletizing machine will be examined

based on its production time, size of pellets, and compactness of pellets. For pellets, poultry animals will

intake the shrimp skin pellets and then examine if it will significantly affect their health in terms of the

growth and condition of its products, such as milk and eggs.

3.3 The Instruments

The study utilized an experimental data sheet created by the researchers to collect all necessary

data. The data sheets are divided into the grinding and pelletizing machine and the pellets. There are four

experimental data sheets: (1) for examining the production time, size of pellets, and compactness of

pellets of the pre-existing pelletizing technologies; (2) for examining the production time, size of pellets,

and compactness of pellets of grinding and pelletizing machine; (3) for examining the effect of pellets

composed of conventional protein source in terms of growth and condition of milk and eggs; and (4) for

examining the effect of pellets composed of shrimp material as protein source in terms of growth and

condition of milk and eggs.

The tables below illustrate the experimental arrangement that will validate the difference between

the Semi-Automated Grinding and Pelletizing Machine and the pre-existing pelletizing machine and the

difference between shrimp skin as a protein source compared to soybean meal.

  Experimental Data Sheet for Pre-Existing Pelletizing Technologies

Experimental Data for Pelletizing Machine

Trial No. Production Time Length of Diameter of Compactness of Pellets
(s) Pellets (cm) Pellets (cm) (g/cm3)
1.

2.

3.

4.

TABLE 1. The experimental data sheet for Pelletizing Machine

 Experimental Data Sheet for Grinding and Pelletizing Machine

Experimental Data for Grinding and Pelletizing Machine
Trial No. Production Time Length of Diameter of Compactness of Pellets
(s) Pellets (cm) Pellets (cm) (g/cm3)
1.

2.

3.

4.

TABLE 2. The experimental data sheet for Grinding and Pelletizing Machine
  Experimental Data Sheet for Shrimp Skin as Protein Source for Poultry Animals

Experimental Data for Shrimp Skin as Protein Source for Poultry Animals

Trial Poultry Growth Growth Production Production Compactness

No. Animals Rate Rate of Milk of Eggs of Pellets
(cm/week) (cm/week) (liter/week) (number per (g/cm3)
week)
1.

2.

3.

4.

TABLE 3. The experimental data sheet for Shrimp Skin as Protein Source for Poultry Animals

 Experimental Data for Soybean Meal as Protein Source for Poultry Animals

Experimental Data for Soybean Meal as Protein Source for Poultry Animals

Trial Poultry Growth Growth Production Production Compactness

No. Animals Rate Rate of Milk of Eggs of Pellets
(cm/week) (cm/week) (liter/week) (number per (g/cm3)
week)
1.

2.

3.

4.

TABLE 4. The experimental data sheet for Soybean Meal as Protein Source for Poultry Animals
3.4 Data Collection

The researchers gathered data needed by analyzing and identifying significant theories, concepts,

principles and ideas concerning the problem of the study.

Figure 1. Data Collection Flowchart

The study aims to design an effective and efficient semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine that utilizes sustainable materials to minimize the consumption of money and time in

producing pellets. The researchers collected supporting data and evidence from reliable sources and well-

published references to identify the study's pragmatic opportunities and unrealistic information.

Objectives were then formed based on the result of data assessment to determine the characteristics and
quality of data that are needed in the study. The researchers used the gathered data to rectify the gaps in

existing machines and organized, transformed and interpreted the data into beneficial information.

The researchers analyzed related information to distinguish potential developments and understandings

about the semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine. Results and findings were

presented, including analyzing and interpreting thirty reliable related literature and studies. The

researchers concluded that fabricating a semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine

will benefit the modern world.

3.5 Data Collection Procedure

The researchers seek to gather beneficial information regarding the fabrication of semi-automated

shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine, especially on how the sustainable raw material, shrimp

skin, can affect the poultry industries. Thus, the researchers utilized qualitative and comparative analysis

to analyze, interpret, and test related literature.

The researchers will acquire accurate and precise information through experiments and

comparisons. The researchers compare the data gathered from pre-existing pelletizing machine and

grinding and pelletizing machines. In addition, the researchers compare the data gathered from utilizing

shrimp skin as a protein source for poultry animals rather than soybean meal. The researchers evaluated

the study’s essentials, such as gathering data on the technologies and concepts used in previous studies.

For this study, the researchers seek guidance and advice from the research professor to validate

the accuracy of the gathered data.

3.6 Project Development

After collecting supporting evidence and literature, different procedures will be considered to

develop the prototype of the study. Developing the design of a semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and

pelletizing machine will integrate all the gathered beneficial information from previous research gaps and

related concepts, theories, and principles.

Figure 2. Project Development Flow Chart

3.6.1 Designing of the Prototype

The initial process in developing the prototype is designing it. The design will be created using

Computer-Aided Software such as CATIA VR20 and 3ds Max. The desired dimensions and constraints of

all machine elements present in the prototype are visualized using CATIA VR20. The prototype's desired

features will be illustrated and demonstrated with the help of computer-aided software such as 3ds Max. A

computer-generated illustration of the prototype's overall appearance will be produced. In addition, the

functions of the prototype will be carefully designed and analyzed during the designing phase, which will

significantly affect its overall performance.

3.6.2 Fabrication of the Prototype

The fabrication of the Prototype will be done after the finalization of the product’s design. The

researchers will begin by brainstorming the possible cost-effective materials that may be used. Then, all

the necessary materials will be arranged based on their components and functions. Once all the materials

are determined, searching for different electrical and mechanical parts in different stores will happen.

Once all the shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing machine materials have been gathered, the researchers

will proceed to the fabrication phase. In this phase, different mechanical and electrical-related procedures

will be done to transform the technical layout of the Prototype into a tangible object.

3.6.3 Testing and Validation of the Prototype

After the fabrication of the prototype, the semi-automated shrimp skin grinding and pelletizing

machine will undergo different testing processes to assess its features, functions, and physical appearance.

The objective of testing and validating the prototype is to ensure that its dimensions and constraints

designed by CATIA VR20 are accurate and precise. The information gathered during the testing and

validation test will be evaluated to determine if it is aligned with the study's objective, goals, and

specifications.
 In addition, the evaluation will focus on how effectively the prototype operates. Thorough

examinations and tests of the function of the prototype will be done to determine whether the researchers

have successfully created a prototype capable of achieving its intended goal.

If all the result from tests and validations to the prototype's specifications does not align with the

study's goal, different revisions and optimizations will be carried out.

3.6.4 Finalization of the Prototype

The final stage of the project development is to finalize the prototype, which includes

optimization and revisions on its features, functions, and physical appearance. During this stage, all the

data collected and analyzed throughout the project development process will be recorded for future

reference. The data gathered and analyzed is critical as it serves as the possibility for future innovation

and enhancement of the prototype.