PRINCIPLE OF REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED

Module: CONRETE

8.0 Serviceability
Requirements
PREPARED BY: FRANKLYN F. MANGGAPIS
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
Textbook and Reference:

Design of Reinforced Concrete, 10th Edition, NSCP 2015 Volume 1, 7th

Jack C. McCormac and Russel H. Brown Edition, ASEP
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements

Introduction
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.1. Introduction

The structural engineering profession is concerned with a limit states condition at

which a structure or some part of the structure ceases to perform its intended
function satisfactorily.
Limit States
Philosophy
Strength Limit States Serviceability Limit States
Based on the safety or load- The overall performance of structures
carrying capacity of members and their elements under service loads
𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ < 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑒ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑟 < 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑟
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒: 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 < 𝑁𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 Deflections, cracks, vibrations and
for beams durability
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements

NSCP 2015 Provision for

Serviceability Requirements
of RC Beams
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.2. NSCP 2015 Provision for Serviceability Requirements of RC Beams

This module is primarily concerned with serviceability limits for deflections in

accordance with NSCP 2015 Section 424. It presents the treatment of initial and
time-dependent deflection of RC elements such as simple and continuous beams.
We are focusing more on the deflections due to service gravity load, based on NSCP
2015 section 424.2.

Section 424.2.1. Members subjected to flexure shall be designed with adequate

stiffness to limit deflections or deformations that adversely affect strength or
serviceability requirements
Section 424.2.2. Deflections calculated in accordance with Sections 424.2.3 through
424.2.5 shall not exceed the limits in Table 424.2.2
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.2. NSCP 2015 Provision for Serviceability Requirements of RC Beams
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.2. NSCP 2015 Provision for Serviceability Requirements of RC Beams

CALCULATION OF IMMEDIATE DEFLECTIONS (NSCP Section 424.2.3)

The deflection of structural member is due mainly to the dead load plus a fraction of
or all the live load. The deflection that occurs immediately upon the application of the
load is called the immediate or instantaneous deflection.
[Link]. For non-prestressed members, effective moment of Inertia, 𝐼𝑒 , shall be calculated as equation below, unless
obtained by a more comprehensive analysis, but 𝐼𝑒 shall not be greater than 𝐼𝑔
3 3
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟
𝐼𝑒 = 𝐼𝑔 + 1 − 𝐼𝑐𝑟
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎

𝑓𝑟 𝐼𝑔
𝑀𝑐𝑟 =
𝑦𝑡
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.2. NSCP 2015 Provision for Serviceability Requirements of RC Beams

CALCULATION OF IMMEDIATE DEFLECTIONS (NSCP Section 424.2.3)

3 3
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑓𝑟 𝐼𝑔
𝐼𝑒 = 𝐼𝑔 + 1 − 𝐼𝑐𝑟 Where: 𝑀𝑐𝑟 =
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎 𝑦𝑡
Where:
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = cracking moment
𝑓𝑟 = modulus of rupture of concrete
𝑀𝑎 = unfactored maximum moment at which the deflection is calculated
𝐼𝑔 = moment of inertia of gross concrete section about centroidal axis, neglecting reinforcement
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = moment of inertia of cracked section transformed to concrete
𝑦𝑡 = distance from centroidal axis of gross section, neglecting reinforcement, to extreme fiber in tension.
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.2. NSCP 2015 Provision for Serviceability Requirements of RC Beams

CALCULATION OF IMMEDIATE DEFLECTIONS (NSCP Section 424.2.3)

[Link]. For continuous one-way slabs and beams, 𝐼𝑒 shall be permitted to be taken as the average of values
obtained from the equation below for the critical positive and negative moment sections

(𝐼𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 𝐼𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 )

𝐼𝑒 =
2
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.2. NSCP 2015 Provision for Serviceability Requirements of RC Beams

CALCULATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT DEFLECTIONS (NSCP Section 424.2.4)

Deflection of reinforced concrete members continues to increase under
sustained load, although more slowly time. Shrinkage and creep are the cause of
this additional deflection influenced mainly by temperature, humidity, age at time of
loading, curing, quantity of compression reinforcement and magnitude of sustained
load. This is called long-term or time-dependent deflection.
ξ
𝜆∇ =
1 + 50 𝜌′
Where:

𝜌′ = compression reinforcement ratio

𝜉 = time-dependent factor for sustained loads
𝜆∇ = multiplier for additional deflection due to sustained loadings
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.2. NSCP 2015 Provision for Serviceability Requirements of RC Beams

CALCULATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT DEFLECTIONS (NSCP Section 424.2.4)

Deflection of reinforced concrete members continues to increase under
sustained load, although more slowly time. Shrinkage and creep are the cause of
this additional deflection influenced mainly by temperature, humidity, age at time of
loading, curing, quantity of compression reinforcement and magnitude of sustained
load. This is called long-term or time-dependent deflection.
ξ
𝜆∇ =
1 + 50 𝜌′
Where:

𝜌′ = compression reinforcement ratio

𝜉 = time-dependent factor for sustained loads
𝜆∇ = multiplier for additional deflection due to sustained loadings
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.2. NSCP 2015 Provision for Serviceability Requirements of RC Beams

CALCULATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT DEFLECTIONS (NSCP Section 424.2.4)

[Link].2 𝜌′ shall be calculated at mid-span for simple and continuous spans, and at the support for
cantilevers
[Link].3 values of the time dependent factor for sustained loads shall be in accordance with the
table
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.2. NSCP 2015 Provision for Serviceability Requirements of RC Beams

The immediate and long-term deflections are then

compared to the maximum allowable deflections provided in
NSCP Table 424.2.2. If the calculation exceeds the maximum
allowable, then the action should be taken such as increase the
cross-section.
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.2. NSCP 2015 Provision for Serviceability Requirements of RC Beams
Since serviceability is checked at service loads, we should perform an analysis to get
deflections at various parts of a structure using load factors equal to 1.0. To ensure adequate
response during service, impose restrictions on the minimum depth of the member relative to the span
in accordance with NSCP 2015 Table [Link]
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
8.3. Maximum Deflections of Various loadings in beams
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
Discussion of second learning objectives

Solving Problems
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
Solving Problems

Problem #1.
Calculate the instantaneous
midspan deflection for the 12 𝑚 span
simply supported beam which carries a
uniform dead load of 6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 including
its own weight and a service live load of
9 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 in addition to a concentrated
dead load of 22 𝑘𝑁 at midspan. Given
𝑓𝑐′ = 27.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓𝑦 = 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and
𝑛 = 8 and the beam properties as
shown.
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
Solving Problems

Problem #2.
Determine the maximum instantaneous
deflection under dead loads and live loads for
the doubly reinforced beam as shown. The
simply supported beam 6 𝑚 long is subjected to
a uniform dead load of 7.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 including its
own weight and a live load of 10 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 in
addition to a concentrated dead load of 30 𝑘𝑁 at
midspan. Given 𝑓𝑐′ = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓𝑦 = 345 𝑀𝑃𝑎
and 𝑛 = 8 and the beam properties as shown.
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
Seatwork

PROBLEM:

Calculate the instantaneous midspan

deflection for the 15 𝑚 span simply supported
beam which carries a uniform dead load of
6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 excluding its own weight and a service
live load of 12 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 in addition to a
concentrated dead load of 20 𝑘𝑁 at midspan.
Given 𝑓𝑐′ = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎
MODULE 8: Serviceability Requirements
Solving Problems

Problem #3.
A 350 𝑚𝑚 𝑥 600 𝑚𝑚 concrete beam with a simple span of 8 𝑚 is designed to carry calculated dead
load of 10 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 including its own weight and service live load of 15 𝑘𝑁/𝑚. The beamis reinforced
with 4 − 25 𝑚𝑚 bars with an effective depth to tension bars of 530 𝑚𝑚. Of the total live load, 20% is
sustained in nature and 80% will be applied only intermittently over the life of the structure. The beam
will support non-structural partitions that would damage if large deflections were to occur. Materials
strengths are 𝑓𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓𝑦 = 345 𝑀𝑃𝑎 use 𝑛 = 9
a. Calculate the maximum instantaneous deflection for DL+LL
b. Calculate the deflection assuming 20% of the live load is continuously applied for 5 years
c. Check the stiffness adequacy of the beam.
Analysis and Design of Doubly RC Beams

ANY QUESTION?
Analysis and Design of Doubly RC Beams

THANK YOU!