1.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
//1. Pointer to a character
char ch = 'A';
char *ptrChar = &ch;

//2. Array of 10 integers

int arrInt[10] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};

//3. Reference to an array of 10 integers

int (&refArrInt)[10] = arrInt;

//4. Pointer to an array of character strings

char *strArr[] = {"Hello", "World", "C", "Programming"};
char **ptrStrArr = strArr;

//5. Pointer to a pointer to a character

char c = 'B';
char *ptrChar2 = &c;
char **ptrPtrChar = &ptrChar2;

//6. Constant integer

const int constInt = 42;

//7. Pointer to a constant integer

const int *ptrConstInt = &constInt;

//8. Constant pointer to an integer

int num = 100;
int *const constIntPtr = &num;

//9. Constant pointer to a constant double

const double constDbl = 3.14159;
const double *const constPtrConstDbl = &constDbl;

//10. Printing values to verify initialization

printf("Pointer to a character: %c\n", *ptrChar);
printf("Array of 10 integers: %d\n", arrInt[0]);
printf("Reference to an array of 10 integers: %d\n", refArrInt[1]);
printf("Pointer to an array of character strings: %s\n", *ptrStrArr);
printf("Pointer to a pointer to a character: %c\n", **ptrPtrChar);
printf("Constant integer: %d\n", constInt);
printf("Pointer to a constant integer: %d\n", *ptrConstInt);
printf("Constant pointer to an integer: %d\n", *constIntPtr);
printf("Constant pointer to a constant double: %f\n", *constPtrConstDbl);

return 0;
}
2.
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
const char* str1 = "We love C++ programming\n";
char str2[100];
char *p = str2; // *p points the beginning of the array str2. It's used to traverse str2 while
copying characters from str1.
while(*p++ = *str1++){} // This while loop terminates only when the NULL character of
str1 is encountered. It also copies characters from str1 to str2 one
by one.
std::cout << str2;
}
Explanation:

3.
#include <iostream>

const char* createString()

{
return "Practice makes a man perfect";
}
int* createInt()
{
int x = 100;
return &x;
}
int main()
{
const char *str = createString(); // The function returns a pointer of a string literal, which is
statically allocated in memory. So, after the execution of
the function createString(), the statically allocated memory
of the string literal is not erased.
std::cout << "string = " << str << std::endl; // It prints the expected string "Practice makes a
man perfect"
int *ip = createInt(); // This function returns the address of an integer-type local variable x.
After the execution of the function, the memory allocated for variable x will
be destroyed. So its behavior is undefined, sometimes it shows some
errors, or sometimes shows some garbage value.
std::cout << "integer = " << *ip << std::endl;
}
4.
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int m,n;
printf("Enter two number:");
scanf("%d, %d",&m,&n);
if(m ^ n)
 printf("both are not equal");
else
printf("both are equal");
}
5.
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
int x = 10, y = 5;
x = x + y; // x now becomes 15
y = x - y; // y becomes 10
x = x - y; // x becomes 5
cout << "After Swapping: x =" << x << ", y=" << y;
}