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Basic Mechanical (ME 2159)

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7 views101 pages

Basic Mechanical (ME 2159)

Uploaded by

Murad Hossain
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ee Preonoh Das Sir 05/02/2020 3@e wal Therermo dynamics —> Theremo-+ Dmamic ICS d er” Heat Transfer Vapore-+ Gag ——S —E] ot = be broadly dened ag a definite aneas om a space where Some Hhenmo dynamle process is G heat+ enengy +o king place system Boundany al ome Thermodynamic System classi feeion. = 4) Closed —> Does vot Permit mass smansfer, but tronsfen > energy] heat + 2 Open Maes and heat can transfer across j46 boundanies - 3) tsolated -$ No mass and heal deeansfen denoss Ths boundaries + + Example exam @ CITI®! vite Faw 2te 1 Pro erties of as stem * The state of a system ma observable quantiHes such as volume, tempertedune, be identified by cenlain Prussume, density ete - All the quantities, wohich identify Slate of a syste are called. propenties, Volume 4. Extensive preoperttic s 5 Total seme=Zindivi dual Sen eee 2— Antensive — preopertHes_y Pressure, density, stemperceturce « i State, State of a system: The state of a syetem parch cular fe the condition of System at on sroment Which can identtea A ts, pre perch 2S 7 Thertereely namic preocess 4 Pohick cece sale @ WM Ciclee chonges breium condition 4, i | it i shaic from one equill | ere ther equilibrium condition cycle % Therewe dy namic “SE es IS 7 / equilibrium % balanced fonce . 4. Hechanical Equilibreium > 7° on Q. Thermal equilibrium —> Ne demperce tierce d Reaction. Chemical equi librium a No chemical ienence <>. Stoug® Preessurce and Absolute pressurces | Absoluke_ presaerce. = Atmospharcic prassarces fo e@ pressure Preessuree gaat. CACAZ prusyare Set oF age prussune Ty : Peon ie Gd uti ees Som Cosed vessel ' an gauge prussure + Croyge ' PyeSoure a a absolute peeees. Alomphenic Pressure apc eT atmospheric] Geause pre ssurte,(—Ve) prees ot d Oye VacuUrm pre sstrte Steen Absolute pres sure ab solute = atmes phertic “age pees suree c cone meg ve) Eneray * i) Stored Emenee ut) Treansi + Enerye| Internal enerd 1 Lawes of Theremojpramisss oul ae iy ) Zereoth !ac iv) Ast law iii) 2nd lao |i Zereoth laos “ When +00 ejcce- ATE eee = ' i hj | ty Hheremal 2 guilibret ane witha 4+ mi | system, chan the too, systems aree Also is | thirmel equilibretum with one cmother .? a) The heat and mechanical work ond nana converta ble ») The en i nor deste From one to 1 con Neither be erated a ih cam be pan sored wm bo eo Scanned with CamScanner Book Cclauacs: ) Tree drome : Rogere ’ Conollany 0% Set law? ConoWorig 4. > There exist & proper} ola 2, Faw ttD “2a Total ener of State. 4+ = PETK-EtLE Some, ei Us. Nog Wyn A PEa thee tM) (re, +bE,T%) = (PEp-PEV)+(KE2-KE) + (4 -4) ) Ab Awa is no change cf PE, pee Oyen Wy =(ke, te) + (we-®) 2) PE.=PE, 3 KE =KE2 6 oe Wo = Wa -U4 Ear Non- Flow enera equation , oxart a Fint law of Ahureme dynamics aq odour non- Flow energy equathon xo = 3) Fon isdated s4s tem, Gr=orW bea oy Ooms 204, 4% [e2=6 | ton \edont “cree Limitakions of Ask bes ) dipection of ener Stag ") Heat ——> coonk Cy eee UTA pun-4 : 2nd low 1) Kalvin- Planck slatement.: It fs impossible to consmmuct an enqire vacaliind on a Cyclic Process. whose sole pUnPese ig tu convent from a singh 4rurrmol peservoin inte an 2 quivalent commountl of coonk High tere pesenvitn \eok engine eel pmMn- Scanned with CamScanner Hon temp Vesey | G,-6 | Lance? ee ee | mae Japar a 7 : ou | . =41--e 2) Clausius Stelemend$ 4p is impossible fon a salf accting machine eon king in a eyelie process -to-lransfen heal froma high. -fempereecterrtt—bad y—to- eet body of lower 4e: percortare, torso a a Le iy ok Wighare terpereture é Without ne aA OF external SAenccl: “8, seg @ se b Ditlerconce betwetm pan-2) Re-fai gereator and Kat gums 240217025 COP Co- elficienee of performance OG Oe (codes “aaa” G7 Q a. 24+ KB 1 (cor), _of Occ Tale .. ~ 1+( COP), v Te ; we at * Cold storey® -S0,; Suro unding asc. 29K Actual Cor of ane spe Foigencction ple’ ig one. hind of an Idec plemt ~— between the same -tempettaturee - Find the powert wequirted to dnive the plant: €¢0 Solution * Fon an ‘deal plant v2. ace ee ee (oP) doar = pote Sone COP agua = fx6 F233 - aR We = —caP = 2910 2 = 12.44 kW a) 4. Boyles law —> pat 2. Cheamles ate ——> NAT 3 -frey- lussoe lavo —> PAT pve Tt Grenercal Grae equation > tS. . os Ro® oer TN Te ayer) ae ; khuremi Eo2.2 fic Yeats ¢ > Vy spear ASUS oo proof: Et AIT ATT | Speci Q=medr Cp-@v=R 2 on, cea system oF A reefers SE Enihalpy - H= OrTPv Entreop “h Reve bibl? Suntouending re (RUAT ea , wonk are haba Inftholly m fay =P anew ‘ smang fern 2! Revercsibl & cycle : ) Freichon ji) unrestrained expan sion 1) WH iKiMY| of +250 Nuid s w) Heat Anansfen aenoss afinite emp ercedturet iF ditlerencse. 5) Electric resistance 6) melas deformation ot Solids . | speactions . Ww) Chemical oR Rogerlond lose 28 (os anit AIT ane 7 sacra at) same preape nig rilacytt WU ie impossible toe eonchouct a system {a+ tohich wlll opereate ina cycle ond rans Fer heat-from a Cooler to a holere bod worthouk toontk being done on the. System by -the sunrcoundings - ble to constnuct an engine darees 2: Tb is imposs operating between onh choo hee a highere efriciene| hon awev be-toeen +he same O° esep vais whic h will have ersible enine oparecting pesenvyoins - Coro larey 3: All -neveresible erg)nes opercating between +the same +wo neserybins hava the same ‘ihidecaae | . Scanned with CamScanner de Jempercatures, can be deliney 1 A Seale o hich is independent of an Substance. cond which prcovi of -lempercartarte é parcticetlary Aheomomet,,: nj des on absolule Zorg : Garcollary SF “he efficienc| of an neversible eine bekoeen more gran two mesenvoins must than the oF & nevertsible engine opens conich have Ae rperadienes operat be less between equal to the highest and | she Fluid tn the onyinel ane m Undenqoos & poo CESENNOIPS woosk + empetcartune s of fe Se Whenevert 0 syste “ egeles § Cady 1s zano if tne exele is sever sible | | | and nejative if ivreversible,ive. in qener! §<0 ( re Ti There exists & pro perty of « closed sqster such that a chonge in Hs value is equal? Jf Bh fon. ome Peveresible preoces s Undergone by “he system belween State 1 and Stale 2° Scanned with CamScanner Conollany €% The erthropy of om closed gy stem tahich Is +hetnrncll isolated eom -the sumo unding © e\dhert lg ~peversible VEMaAINS constant + Cranned with CamSca \ncneases OT if tne preo cess undergone by 7 system ' 03/02/2020 septa rary Thertmodymarmic Proce sses of perfect qre s Tntenaal loss 26! reacel qr? wa cana Syed loos amt ate Classification oF “arora: Ymaemls preseess ¢ ge werd 4- Non-Flovo preoca SS — Closed system : | Flos 2aats boundary J av) Fae mass +nemsfen ata an, Isolated ‘system a, r Qnenay cH peect TS transfert 2 Z. Flow process » Steady fo Change arr ! example - Nozele . sie Ht Crd TS Peet 94 eM $ pead constomt ) Non- steady Flow - Wortkdene, ducing a Non flad prowss * | frictionless Anta weefaeran- gw=Fde =pA dx =p dv [Aax=ev | cana a stem 2 fs bona | gw = [Pd ) Ls area fice re ! [=o curtead arty OEE kee Appli PP tatHon of Pict law of there Ay narnles Aa ron-Hov Process, | ynomantim a velocity -y qa} Kinehe ere fic as OTS SBF OF BAA ecm => Gatennal| Stoned energy tos onal Gs N2=dE= Es ae > gntennal ae energy Fore a non ftow ee the otored every y $S the internal Gd ot Qy-2 “Wp = au =U. du= change in Interencl ener 3.5. Heenking and Expansion of Gases in Non- flow preocess % 4. Reversible non-Flovo process ! System ideal Fean water & AOTT a) Isocorcie. “ATCT ‘Conston’jolume. b> Tsobarlc —? a pressure. ©) qsothirmal = —> 4 ) errknopy constent 20s Ysentmopic. Temperature & Ity perbolic. &> - Polytropic » 2 -Dlee—Perercsible~ - Toveveresible. ~— — 3.6. Constant Volume preocess o Tsobarite Prcoce ss", dv=0 Wonkdone =6 PM — Pave V,=¥ Te 1M P, P + - = on = Constant Gaoy~ lussere 2. Workdone by the des Sw=pdv 2 2 z f fw = (eave ef dv Woo = POM) = e | 3. Chorge- in intercnal enendy du=mc dT (*au=m cy ht a T Ups = MCs CTa-T) 4. Heat supplied on Wol taonsten / fo- “fuel Su Oye 2 = (v2 -H OTM 1-2 = U2-U, = mly (T2-T) ie 0. inn ebtheley : dle = aut acy) Voc = (Ue 4 4 (he We? wu) = mly(t-t) + me (m=) axpontion coethicien® - PM mP Ty pve smete = m(t2-0) Cx +@) = rly (12. —T) ees Ex— 3.3 @p wath Fer enn A ATR OTTO 1.005 SIT eo, (Dd. Constant Prassarce preecess ort Tgobarti¢ prow, when a Gao tg heated ata constant resume, its semperesture ond Vo Ghanks lav. ture WI NW Increase P hes ; ae Chanles preoce SS cafouma 4 [Example 3.5| at 3.8 Hypertbolic proms’ lava GE wTATO! Teobanic = PAY Hotel workdone = constant— boyles low ‘ 1 As S¥°3.9. “Constant Ternpercaturu Preoesss ore Gather! | 9/06 (2020 8-¢ Day D) Flew preocess 8) Non-f low preecess Hath Must (aw Relation (afsenna TH Amp) Latha j ' is | 3-81 Hyperbolic process + presssuree and volume constant 2 ais Practical application is isothermal process - 3.9) Constant -lempereature pres eess Cor Isotherra! } Process) empe sok p fdempertaturee orca GoFR leave —MsCTs dompercedeare intercnal one ng ent hed py chara « 210 AY) a Jaa Ro lati [dy Tsotheremal process ero HA) PY/AT Ke lation an cal otal ant) aaa 20e ar? | Tsotheremal precess Boyles law “Ae HA! Sl =pdv Scanned with CamScanner Vs Pn, = ny - Wy - Nz = ln _ 3. Change In indenned Seale internat enenay= ™ me at + Heat Supphed ort lat transferred “tne p Aacdymn 2 pice sere oy SITU OT Example \2: 310) Adiabatic: preocass {. Heal wind pA aa aT “nercrally insuleted but -lemp chenye 19 2TR Aolennal 2acrgy 4 und erdhiolpy Charge 3 ~— adiabatic index Qa — & : Cy py %20 Math %3.%,3 Scanned with CamScanner 01/11/2020 Sunda Sources of energy cl DChemactentices of a re source of fuel: ol ya rele ADO ger WeDiIG enertay level psp, COLIG Gr 2. Sourcees of ener : a3 Dasa- oe! ba : x . of i) Conventional sourcees of encica sy: W) Non us " " | Qrotherema\ ence => Underiqreound -CaAER | areqn arer Renewable and non convention fT Same , converional and non conve nhenal tre Trier : 7 Renewable ener definition: avaikble Scanned with CamScanner | \ | | [Comercial ney Jmmeretal enete Consumer Ss Coal, ofl 5) s, electnicit i oth, nerlureal 7 cl Don- Commemicat: Fe “q W133 my |! a err—e—c—veee Comentional Sourté § of ond {: a) Fossil fuel: ksThettmnal_ power plants: tana Foy, burn rg Weak produce ~nrq steam 9 Hydreo powwert plant: (toyout) Highert level te lower level 4 water 2G! “radere conmosion zim sfecom aztty AT Crag gleame miner ator cfr et sits SHUR steam we TF | DB. Bi omnss fn eet Bio gas: Cloyout) e@) wind enercyy ie Neon. Cenvertional sources of energy: @) Solare emery > 1) Solem coove re N) Sclare watery hraten Wt) Solare cellss DCS Ac Cs-t0n energy lors) “BIC AKT heal- capacihy (afer + ) Enenay from -the sca 2 j) Tidal U) $ea Wave Wd) Ocoan dhertmal > | ee Src low density Fate high density high &> low nolate ~ars-2ay 7 Geotheremal energy: Stamdtuibine Use 224 © Gee O° saity Gite eae rela Sagat 4) Nuclear enertgy => 1) ssion ") fusion Slow mneutnen corrinol Ta ane Fast neutnons aree verty dough te cortno!. Fest neutnon ca chsorvert Fee: slow <3) oa Fast neutmon «| nisk ttm 27 HS Neaito ay, a F/14120 29 Serlureda: g Consotevertion and a : Ener Foe Gnserwodion: Frei | q efficient use . WOLD ACME OTER AAA GT |” Why to conserve Energ4: demand are TAT fuel fralta “ors ATG , Rebeol 13 Reserve TR OME, Ener Sayings In Vahting Sysiem + layout modify ars Ae ! gua rare use, SIO AO BT “WT electnich cayaars, “25 | Energy Consetevertion in industries s ‘Compress urce use oy Het ale | @rar use war 1 warlere Iquid [oitee A vesisbnee ann line loss ea Colm towert. Steam ST Woten wag ain Wit ATT) vapour “TAT wa) oa towertt AMEE Eneregy Conserrvetton in distnibudon: A. coe powert factor - Energy Gnservotion preablems' 1. aston’ of eneryy' 2. Unmipdful use af Resources 3. Energy loss et? conserwahon mre Phews vs 2 Prong mou +o d seduce anerca 4 consump sion Ener congervoon at houge hold - Commun! leve| — Lndustoy— -rnans porctaction seclory- tain—luccwotive engi ‘ 5 foes Energy policy in bumgladesh ') long Tou 11) medium tenm mn) minimum 4 cet auesHon wea Energy (=. Threee PR’! 5 \ Redua consumph on Reuse manulactened predates cae RAW moctewmials Cooling chwens— turbine co yarns. TF er—toaten paar 2 (TTD toatent Steam ante! ‘ ’ was AY Sead CUL® Sream ua ? y Lotling dower Use Gay et) OS (ance TH FEA <2 | Power: factore BOGE TC TH A CHEE 267 ; SS Su stinabk. ener mane meant ‘ Aeterna! feclons sepia eee Energy Nano ment preoce Ss i Components fn EMS : Roles of An Energy Of megen in EMSs: Reporting and Presenting Results why EHS? What isEM 39 How EMS works 9 Advontuges of EMS il 22/11/2020 Sundog Eiihatet | ' A theromolynamie preopertty equiralent +e the otal heat content of a syste “awit syskem Ge Jota quent a equivalen+ heat Emlnopyt math ara, enthalpy 3 a Entholpy Chomge 2 0tI24 Ay. Enorthereenle 1 heat produce ree } 2. Endothenmic > heat Srv Pr SR re Standond enthalpy changes: coss TNO WT 7 toha Hrniven yo oe CO1 min ienize 9 TDeneveresi ble. pree Prrocass oceurr? ho for exo a “third Lavo of thormadynorsics (example, explain) “The entropy of a perfect oy etal, oe tempercature, of Zerce Kelvin (Absolute Zero) is equal +e zero: ’ ¥ disondercness - spond omness ente opt — The, senchang of enengys behoeen “hoo heyy dynamie systems (whose compe sire cont on isolated systern) 1s boxnded” Appiication of And Jaro 19/01/20 4st ¢ qc B Dey Mad. Sanowart Hossain Sire Fuel, boilere, 10 exgine: Water tearebine. qe duicbine, tu mt i wet nigercation and aire condita syetern,: vf i Reference book! | [Link] peers 1 R.S. Khuen il 21/04/20 4-DD Le a FUEL + i . j - . hry i ' DefiniHon' A fuel is defined os a coxnbuston core combushble substunce ae can bon as a Trajan constituent Which 1s able +o produce %, large, amount of heat, that con be used fon domentie amd industnial purcpese « ndnoduchon: : ‘ Scanned by CamScanner | Characteristics. of, Good duels. I herr in 4. High: colon fie Aes i bar nom 2. Medercate “dani tion dempercaturte ie F w mot sturtt conten 3. Lo + uard 4. Low ash conten + veloc 44 of combustion. 5. Moderate LF wo duce harmful produs-te 4 €. Should nor PI F low cost e Easy Storag 9. Easily Controllable e and Transportation. ee | hould gatisty Follows {, Po A gor Fuel s pequitament- ‘ oo basis of state of ag yregetion,, tuels are divided ado solids. Niquids and qcses: FUEL Peay / Nore fuels: Spectre He falsaecmary fuel, ta fad Sdig Maid | Cras Solid etquid agate? eg: eq: Petrol; eg:ceal 24 !Cool Eq mrineral Fad Coke, Kerosene, es producer oil charcoel sPnit LPG O45 dil gos Peet, (Petroleum) ett ete » water aac botod Semi waten GSS ete f Fuels + Factors invdye in +he celection 9 Numben of factows ‘are +o be considened nen fuel ier chosen fon a parck cular pur psse Wohnen The main fuclors are’ hagel Ww. at. size ov cohethete a wm te ype of conknnous O° intenmrtent Cronequlon) opercation is involved - By the oxvait et bility and Paliability on sup PY oF fuel Scanned by CamScanner Gh he price of -+he fuel delivered Oo the Place. co here iF is “nequired, As same he ly Need eacqe eond feeding eae Pent | i cn The efi ci ency _ of i +, We ho “hee tt, Operation With “selected fiaels: Gama: ‘4, The ~rodio o cos! oft thei Sinighed: preoduat - TF; +the low “then 2, nigh prac expensive f +he cost of neartng Operation. qo the. snaH@e js A The are 8, ae Aavaringt» digadvenloge differance - of three types of fuel. ci Solid Fvels? wood, peat, The moin solid fuels are Want, cans and cherecoal, qa in. Addition to these contain oeken ond industrial wastes such ag. oe husk. Coconut and nut shells + Liquid fuels elaine eee fuels ane The imperctant commen cial d re Liguié fuels Used these days. Most oF and domestic é e tune lt pratned Prom +he ne tre duel are oO 4 de oil called 44 ona Seeurnied petnsleum oe | : —_ preimorey fuel. Low boil Fnac ons of petrolec are used in petmoleurn~ Scanned by CamScanner Gaseouc tele: Gaseous Fuels | S The gese ous fuels areynest proffened io Fe thei €ose of stowage. “trans pig nition. Tr com also be hond tg and classified ‘in 2 Ges By Preinmany fuels _ nerturce:} Aus fuels — Coal I. ies de ») Seconda “{ waten aoe Chartecteristic” . Fi : eee solid (quid - Gras eoucg et a Cheap! costlier han | costly solid fuels )Storeege. Easy +o Cloged containen Storage Spe StoTe, should be Used Yequired is huge and should be leak preeef Whisk 4 es sening u)Ris, t wore Lege Ti, hazed ¢ Mo re vent high shnee these fuels ane wighly Inf lem ab 1) Combustion wate ) Combus kon convo! VW) Herd |i cost “) Ash Viu) Smoke Solid qt iso sloo preoces> Cannot bE controlled High omc Joboun ig-requited im thin storage smomspert etc Ash is produced and its dis posol also posses > P Robles e Preoduce smoke, invorciaby Fest meses yeny rapid ord efi cers Con be consneties oF stopped © Netessory ae aqwsciated high fobon a@Poratic CRo due Scanned by CamScanner Caloreific Leost ean nese value a carinele be canbe Can be F used used used intennal combusH on, engl re Conclu sion 2 — : iciency ond Gi’eous fuel has high ae goed quenli bat " are, expensive and his high ~wisk Solid Fuels Cool, Coke, Solid pitch» heat “Tyres of coal Peat Grosoline —y liquid fuet Scanned by CamScanner How +o aet petrolewom prodect 7 Gasoline ¢ Th Gasoline is the most eeldet used tiquid fuel . “h. Gonstes. oe i '* Knotorn in United Stetes asoline- and Canada, on petro! in Inliag Breifain, Austnalia New Zealand, sound Arfrica amd man English sPeaking countries. is made of hydrocarbon molecules Tetesting aliphatic com pounds 6» chains of cavbons (lth hydvog en. atom > attached - 7 HH Pro duction of qos ne ie achieve y atsHilaton of enude o\\ at + Formpercaterte vf 30- 200°¢ . Scanned by CamScanner Kerosene. Diegel Preopaties of Petroleur Product ¢ | 1) Firee point m)C loud Point 1) Pour point vy) Smoke point vi) Aniline point Flash poinid? According +> ASTN. Ahich_ ins Hirst ghandapdized the +est in to 24 ,-4+he flash point 6 the lowest temperocine at Which an igni ton soutrcg Causes the VNpoms of +he specimen to tpntte Undert specified cordiHons | 7 hea 2% TT Flash point i¥eS the iden about 1) Naure of Sailting point diagram 1) Armount oF tors wetting Point fraction prugent WO AM Scanned by CamScanner fi) Explosion hazandous > crfet-al BTC ivy Volatility of liquid Tuels + Petmel rs volaH ity mer & envnonmente! point corgrole 2A blast waa terepermatunez al which rue_point % Fire qtr is the \owest oa 4 : vapons giver. off bY Ctl Ce oe oe: to burn fer at ast S seconds By En reost cases tre fire point is 5-40°e higher, than flash point G Th fire-pointe He test is Conk nued until tre application of +he test flare causes tre best speciment to ignite and sustain banning fon a minimum of o¢ #Hohat is fine point 2 and uses Environment temperentary “ar anew — wl related math: Hm TH Mest cases tne Fine pointis s 40'e highere than Flash point + TH Fine hazands durciy stonage° Cloud Point: e use of ail & rh tempercatu re at cahich oll become, cloudy on hazy tg called ctoad point. Ta his haziness 15 due to the sepercerhon of enysialg of Loar vn Inereease oF NVscosity at low tempetcars rte four Point Ty The terpetcecturee at which of] just Ceases to Flow is called poun poink . mH Lt detewmines tho ternpe roche rte belous which. am Gil fan not be Use as lubricant > Pourt Point cerfer— Sroke Point: UP Point 4 S$ Mol = SMOKE -2ary age! T mya ad Srmoke Point is any Indi caton of the combu shon Mal ties of oviallon tumbin fuels and Kero sene | Scanned by CamScanner the fuel sample le burned in the smoke point Lamp, and the ‘meni muy Flame herght Ohtaingble without gina King is Yreasared , Aniline Point : a fh Aniline point ig dehned as the temperature at which equal volumes of aniline ond diese, oil are cormpletely miscible G The value gives on Indicahon of tne . y { of ls since Ailing ArtormnaHe content of diese is an anomohc compo und which is dissolved on wee by the aromodtics in diesel oil- Diesel tn dex @ on alternative wethod of erp Teasing the que likky of Aiecet oil by the Use of the dieget index. At is gen Fy “ Scanned by CamScanner Diesel Indy = (Ani line Point of diesel) jesel Tp (apt Girows +§)/100 -2u) Racing cand eran device w Gass Calonific value‘ ot Sal is + aed berated by complete Co* volurey GH Calorific yalue quantity of wot Combustion of a unit mass of sre fuel. There are too type & of calorcific values i) Highere gross Cy 1) Lowere ore net CV, Héghere orc gross CVA T+ (S defined as phe total armotnt of heat li berated when one unit of fuel is burnt completely And the combusHown products atte cooled FO noo m termpetca tetre Lowert otc ret CV gt ig defied as th pomount of heat \ibeteqtod when One I Scanned by CamScanner unit of the fuel is bunrt completely and de combustion eroduct ame allowed to escape - lowere = Highert CY — flu gee enengy - : SS con, C0 ete a Ad vom tages of Liquid fuels i) TH com be stored rnoree_ compectly than solid fuels - | i) tt oceapi eS amuch less Space for equal heat vf output ° fii) UA com hod la easily coith NiHle labow. VW LF has no osh and clinWerct ng prco blem 5 WY Dt is not liable +e spontaneous combustion and deterioration during storcoge ; : vi) Ur can be usedin 1.C. ergine | lS a +) fuel 2 Disedverrlages of liquid ee ee pore in These i) Special preo vision iow . al a tonks. heatees- lagging ond PI S Tr 2 ig te be made - fent—tn fre Most of the ti) Sulphur con is Wigh compare & f° Petmoleum ails cComl, ” i) Namadiuen compound present om orls form connes ive deposits on 4% Kot PTessune parts of ‘boilers . fet Ss% ORM ercits and Semerits of liqutd Tue oven solid fuels * Ae Highere calercie value . 2. lowere storcege capacity requirted 2. Beher economy in hondliny - 4- Betten contnrot of ca noumption by Using valves . 3, ge? ot 5. BeHer aleanliness end freedom “rove doa. 6. Pract cally no ashes. H. Non dedectioretion in Steroge : 8. Non caerosion of bei len plants, 2. Wighere, em chee : Demerrits ! a 1 oi g her cost 2. Greater nisk of Hire 3. Costly contatyens are required fon otorcage ond -moms port. X¥Flue gas Analysis ¢ i T+ compre ibes +ne gaseous pico ducts of combustion. of Fuel, Ts amly sis helps in Finding out Ahe Correct quantty of ain to be supplied ina Furcnaa - Onsaté appareecug » a2 (Oo absomb gta P40 —— CO absonb aca © Lautd Nin + + 362 absomb Uae * Ex perimentally Detereminatior— Rom! Bomb calor metere 41. Poo calorific values of solid and liquid fuels. 2. Knoton amount of fuel Is barat a Consieomt volume. + | %- Temperature of surrounding worker, increases ag heat Is pro duced a Quamtty of hot ond cabriic velueg are cateuloted . ey ltd 5x(Ta-T)4dtxE} Aid Comeection~ Fass um Y highetc calorie value wr ) Q= msae Chapten— 1 (bomb) — 319 12 (Opsot) ~ Scanned by CamScanner Pree rnehe—ometysts—and Gaseous fuels’ The eage ana fieability of application of Qrseouc Fuels give tem advantages oven solid oo thuid duels Advantages of Gaseous fuels! » combust on met be weodily contnolled. ny Crreatere Anarene eticleney TH smoke and ash ane Clivninecte d IN) Beonoratecat ublizaton of too grade solid- fuel, after 4 asidica Hon . VY) Use in inten nal combustion aqyines for the dimect production of power = LiqueHied petroleum fas’. H ined Lique Bed petnsleum gos (LPG) is obtained o a pypno duct darting evacking of ray on “etek Lan en noclureal i252 Vt contains ah ore nig bly volahle bar igh pTussunes oi) hy dno core bond ™ are easily Nquetiqble unien h Scanned by CamScanner Fike arspeyent To Has a faint odon and ite lake almost 9oes Unnolice, 2. Pressure needs +o be monitoned fo effective hemd ting : SB: Has low oclone numben and high lead sensitivil (ottene number WYO TE) 4. S Less wegponsive towands blending anti ke powen aleohol. otural Gast Compressed Naturcal Gas: Ts gaseous fuel (s compressed Wortural ges: Natetr gash Roc Ket prope llants & fe Solid propellants octarcer a : liquid propell onts Disad vantages ok geseous fuel tm Some gaseous Sucle are highly Poisonous omd expbsive ww nore 1, hen Carceful Vending cond Utilization is seeded - te Bequive WIE ctooage capacity TB Tnflammable (~grd age ) rE Scanned by CamScanner

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