As verbs the difference between renovate and repair

is that renovate is to renew; to revamp something to make it look new again

while repair is to restore to good working order, fix, or improve damaged condition; to
mend; to remedy or repair can be to transfer oneself to another place or repair can be to
pair again.
Recount Text
My Holiday
Last week I went to Mount Bromo. I stayed at my friend's house in Probolinggo, East Java. The house has a big
garden with colorful flowers and a small pool.
In the morning, my friend and I saw Mount Batok. The scenery was very beautiful. We rode on horseback. It was
scary, but it was fun. Then, we went to get a closer look at the mountain. We took pictures of the beautiful scenery
there. After that, we took a rest and had lunch under a big tree. Before we got home, we went to the zoo at
Wonokromo. We went home in the afternoon.
We were very tired. However, I think it was really fun to have a holiday like this. I hope my next holiday will be
more interesting.

Travel on the Plane for the First Time

When I was young, I did not really like traveling. I preferred playing games on the computer. I never traveled
abroad on the plane until 1998. At that time, I was 21 years old.
My first trip was a 4-day trip to Taipei. Before I came to the airport, I did not know how to check-in. All procedures
were so new to me. I remembered I was so excited when the plane took off. I really enjoyed my trip at the time.
After that trip, I like traveling. I also traveled to Korea, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and Austria

My Holiday Was Fantastic

Last summer I got a fantastic holiday. I visited some great places.

I went to an airport and was going to fly to Cleveland. I was spending there two days. I liked to see some
Cleveland Cavaliers basketball matches.
Then I went to Hollywood. Hollywood is a famous district in Los Angeles, California, United States. It had become
world-famous as the center of the film industry. Four major film companies – Paramount, Warner Bros., RKO and
Columbia – had studios in Hollywood. I did not want to leave but I had to.
After that, I went to New York city. I visited the Statue of Liberty. I went from the bottom of Manhattan to the top
of the crown. That was very amazing.
The places made me feel at home but I have to go home. Next time I would return to them.

Visiting Bali
There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decided to join the tours to see as much as possible. My
friend stayed in Kuta on arrival. He spent the first three days swimming and surfing on Kuta beach. He visited
some tour agents and selected two tours. The first one was to Singaraja, the second was to Ubud. On the day of
the tour, he was ready.
My friend and his group drove on through mountains. Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousands people. It is a
busy but quiet town. The street are lined with trees and there are many old Dutch houses. Then they returned very
late in the evening to Kuta.
The second tour to Ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see the scenery but to see the art and the craft of
the island. The first stop was at Batubulan, a center of stone sculpture. There my friend watched young boys were
carving away at big blocks of stone. The next stop was Celuk, a cente for silversmiths and goldensmiths. After that he
stopped a little while for lunch at Sukawati and on to mass. Mass is a tourist center My friend ten-day-stay ended very
quickly beside his two tour, all his day was spent on the beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every day. He was
quiet satisfied.

R.A. Kartini
 Every April 21 people in indonesia commemorate the kartini day. It is beautiful day for the woman because we
celebrate the birth of great lady R.A. Kartini. Everyone knows who kartini is. she is our national heroine and a great
lady with the bright idea.
Kartini was born in 1879 april 21 in mayong jepara. Her father was Rama Sosroningrat Wedana (assistant of
head of regency) in mayong. her mother, Ma Ngasirah was a girl from Teluk Awur village in Jepara as the daughter of
a noble family, she felt luck because she got more than the ordinary people got. She got better education than other
children in november 12 1903 she married adipati djoyodiningrat, the head of rembang regency. According to
javanese tradition Kartini had to follow her husband. then she moved to rembang.
In september 13 1904 she gave a birth to her son. his name was singgih. but after giving birth to a son, her
condition was getting worse and she finally passed away on september 17 1904 on her 25 years old.
Now kartini has gone. but her spirit and dream will always be in our heart. nowadays indonesian women progress
is influenced by kartini's spirit stated on collection of letter habis gelap terbitlah terang from the dusk to the dawn.

Why is Kartini called National Heroine ?

Why did she be able to build her school or make her dream come true ?

Vacation to London

Mr. Richard’s family was on vacation. They are Mr. and Mrs. Richard with two sons. They went to London. They
saw their travel agent and booked their tickets. They went to the British Embassy to get visas to enter Britain. They
had booked fourteen days tour. This includes travel and accommodation. They also included tours around London.
They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly fourteen hours.
On the plane the cabin crews were very friendly. They gave them news paper and magazine to read. They gave
them food and drink. There was a film for their entertainment. They had a very pleasant flight. They slept part of the
way.
On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Customs and Immigration. The officers were pleasant. They
checked the document carefully but their manners were very polite. Mr. Richard and his family collected their bags
and went to London Welcome Desk. They arranged the transfer to a hotel.
The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room had perfect view of the park. The room had its own
bathroom and toilet. Instead of keys for the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door. On the third floor, there
was a restaurant serving Asian and European food. They had variety of food.
The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the 14-day, they were quite tired but they felt very happy

My Grandpa’s Funeral in Toraja

Last month my family and I went to Toraja to attend Grandpa’s funeral. It was my first time to go to such a ceremony.
We gathered there with our kin in the ceremony.
Overall, the ceremony was quite elaborate. It took about a week. Several days before the ceremony was done,
grandpa’s body was kept in a series of houses arranged in a circular row around an open field called tongkonan. His
corpse was dressed in a fi ne wearing.
The funeral was performed in two phases. First, we slaughtered the pigs and buffaloes, and then moved the corpse
to face north. In this ceremony we wore black clothes. After that, the corpse was placed in a sandal wood coffin.
Then, it was brought out of the house and placed on an open platform beneath the granary. Meanwhile, my uncle, my
brother, and I prepared the wooden puppet and a funeral tower called lakian. The next phase of the ceremony was
held in this place. The coffin is borne from the house and placed in the lakian. During the day, there were also buffalo
matches. They were great matches. In the night, we were feasting, chanting, and dancing.
On the last day, the grandpa’s coffin were lowered from the funeral tower and brought up to the mountain side family
graveyard. It was followed by great shouting and excitement from the relatives and the guests. Finally, we installed
the wooden puppet on a high balcony where other puppets representing the members of a whole family were already
there. The funeral ceremonies made my family and me tired. However, we were grateful because it ran smoothly.

My First Experience To Be An Alone Backpacker

I like to go out to find a new place.
When I was in second semester, I went to Bekasi alone to visit my friend. I built my strenght to go there without
knowing anything.
Firstly, I went to Terboyo to find Sinar Jaya bus to Bekasi. Unfortunately, there was no Sinar Jaya bus. A man in a
locket told me to go to someone who could bring me to Bekasi. I felt so happy bacause my planning would be
happen. I just payed money and got the bus. Everything was gonna be alright until the bus came to Tegal.
In Tegal bus station, a man in the bus asked me go out from the bus because that bus would bus come to
Bandung.,not Jakarta ones. I felt so confused because there were so many strange men around me. After they talked
for several hours, i was brought to a new one. I tried to adapt in that bus. People around me said that was true bus to
Bekasi. I could not guess what I felt. The bus walked so fast until in Cikampek. When the bus was in Cikampek
subway, someone told me that the bus did not pass Cikarang, so when I wanted to go tehre, I had to take off in Lippo.
Fortunately, a man told me that he had the same destination with me. I felt so happy. I could not imagine if there was
not that man.

The Flood

One Christmas in 2007, I was joining a final test try out at school. It was held from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. One of my
schoolmates, Rini, asked me for accompanying her to the bus stop. When we arrived there, suddenly the heavy rain
fell down from the sky. Rini suggested me to go home soon while she was entering the bus.
It was still raining when I was home. The rain did not stop and became bigger when the night had come. People were
standing in front of their house, hoping that the flood would not come. In the middle of the night, I got news that South
Purwodadi had been drowned.
The next day, Purwodadi had become a flood area. All activities were paralyzed. No one went for work or school
because the land had been covered by flood. However, I thank God for not allowing the flood entered my house.
Even my house had been changed into an emergency kitchen. It was so crowded there. I and my father took a walk
around the center market and Central Purwodadi. All that we could see was water and water. At night, the flood
looked like a beautiful ocean with the moonlight on it. I felt as if I was one of the passengers of Titanic who was
sailing on the sea.
Finally, the flood was starting to decrease in the next morning. I and my family cleaned our front yard together. That
was the greatest flood that I had ever experienced in my hometown.

A Page from A Girl's Diary

Tuesday, September 30th, 2008

It was takbiran night. It was also my birthday, and nothing happened. Or I had thought nothing would happen, but I
was wrong.
That night, I was watching television with my family when I heard someone lit fireworks in my front yard. I peeped
trough my window glass but could see nothing. It was very dark outside. Then I thought it had to be my cousins who
lit the fireworks. Then I plopped down on my sofa again and tried to concentrate on the television since my mind
raced with disappointment that no one gave something special on my birthday. I shrugged, it was almost the end of
the day and I became pessimist. Five minutes later my mobile beeped. It was
a text from my friend asking me to come out. Wondering what was going on, I
grabbed my jacket and hurried to the front door. I was surprised to see her
bring a bag full of firework and fire drills. Next I was surprised to see my other
friend come out from the darkness. She brought a beautiful birthday cake on
her hands. Oh my God! I shrieked. Then they gave the cake to me who was
too stunned to say anything. I realized I was blushing furiously because my
whole family was watching. Not to mention my neighbors too!
A plain day, or I thought it was before, turned out to be one of the greatest
moment in my life. I didn’t even know how to describe what I felt. Happy was
the simplest word.

1. Abdulrachman Saleh was bestowed the title Father of Physiology because ....
A. he was a lecturer in the Medical faculty of the University of Indonesia
B. he was a lecturer as well as a doctor
C. he had significant contribution in physiology
D. he was a lecturer in many parts of Indonesia
E. he was a professor in physiology

2. The main idea of the first paragraph is that Abdulrachman Saleh ...
A. had his own medical practice,
B. studied at the medical school in STOVIA.
C. became a doctor because of his family.
D. was appointed assistant at the laboratory of physiology.
E. started his career as a doctor in STOVIA.

3. Besides medicine, Abdulrachman also had a special interest in ....

A. laboratorium assistance
B. student organizations
C. aeroplane designing
D. broadcasting
E. politics

aden Adjeng[1] Kartini (21 April 1879 – 17 September 1904), also known as Raden Ayu Kartini,
was a prominent Indonesian national hero from Java. She advocated for women's rights and the
education of girls.
She was born in an aristocratic Javanese family in the Dutch East Indies (Present day Indonesia).
She attended a Dutch-language primary school. She wanted to pursue higher education, but
Javanese girls and women did not have access and weren't allowed pursue higher education
beyond primary school. She met various officials and influential people, including J.H. Abendanon,
who was in charge of implementing the Dutch Ethical Policy.
Kartini's letters, expressing her feelings and ideas, were published in a Dutch magazine and later
as: Out of Darkness to Light, Women's Life in the Village, and Letters of a Javanese Princess. Her
birthday is now celebrated as Kartini Day in Indonesia. She was interested in Mysticism and
opposed Polygamy (The cultural practice of marrying more than one spouse). Her sisters continued
her advocacy of educating girls and women.[2] Multiple schools were named after her and a fund was
established in her name to finance the education of girls in Indonesia.
1. What does this text tell us about ? It is about ________
A. The biography of R.A Kartini
B. The family for R.A Kartini
C. The Indonesian women progress because R.A Kartini
D. The Kartini’s letter “Habis gelap terbitlah terang”.

2. What can we learn from R.A Kartini ?

A. Whatever obstacles we face, don't give up to reach our goals
B. To be a great and noble lady .
C. To get better education.
D. Kartini’s spirit is in her heart

Sukarno was born on June 6, 1901, in Surabaya, and was given the name
Kusno Sosrodihardjo. His parents later renamed him Sukarno after he survived a
serious illness. Sukarno's father was Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo, a Muslim
aristocrat and school teacher from Java. His mother Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai was a Hindu
of the Brahmin caste from Bali.

Young Sukarno went

to a local elementary school
until 1912. He then attended a
Dutch middle school in What is the topic of the text?
Mojokerto, followed in 1916 by a
Dutch high school in Surabaya.
The young man was gifted with
a photographic memory and a
talent for languages, including
Javanese, Balinese,
 A. The hero young Sukarno
B. A biography of Indonesia’s First President
C. A biography of Indonesia’s President
D. The childhood of Sukarno.

Why did his parents change his name from Kusno to Sukarno ?
A. to make him serious illness
B. just change his name to make his parents happy.
C. to make him happy
D. to be grateful for recovering from a serious illness

what was his role in Indonesian independence?

A. he played an important role in the independence of Indonesia
B. he declared Indonesia's independence alone
C. He formally became President in March 1967.
D. He fought the Dutch colonialism from Dutch middle school.

Why should we always remember our country’s history?

A. History gives us a very clear picture of ourselves’ background.
B. History is not essential for all of us to understand our past.
C. History could not give us information about how countries were formed.
D. Historians is a person who writes or studies history.

I just returned from 13. What is the next mainly about?

my holiday in my uncle’s A. The writer’s experience in Mount Bromo.
house in Malang. During B. The writer’s impression about the sunrise.
the time, I visited many C. The writer’s unforgettable holiday in Malang.
interesting places, such as D. The writer’s trip to climb a mount for the first time.
Jatim Park 1 and 2, 14. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
Museum Angkut, Batu A. The place was full of visitors.
Night Spectacular and B. The writer went to Bromo by car.
Mount Bromo. However, C. The writer arrived at her destination.
the most memorable is my D. The weather at the moment was very cold.
trip to mount Bromo. It is 15. From the text we know that…
the most exotic place I’ve A. the writer went Bromo with her cousin
ever seen. B. the sky was cloudy when the morning broke
At that time I went C. it is quite easy to pass through the sand
with my uncle’s family. D. the writer wore a thick jacket and beanie
We went there by car in 16. “They all wore thick jackets, gloves and beanies, so
middle of night and did we.” ( Paragraph 2 )
arrived at around 3:30 What does the word “we” refer to?
a.m. There were already A. The writer’s uncle family
many people there. They B. The visitors of Mount Bromo
all wore thick jackets, C. The writer and her uncle’s family
gloves and beanies, so did D. The people who the writer saw on her arrival.
we. It was so cold that we
were going to freeze.
Soon, we could adapt to
the weather.
Later on we moved
to Penanjakan Peak to see
 General Sudirman was a
high ranking Indonesian military
Recount Text Biography 1
officer during the Indonesian
.
national revolution. He was the first
commander-in-chief of the
. What is the monologue about?
Indonesian Armed Forces, he
A. A biography of General Soedirman
continues to be widely respected in
the country. On 12 November B. The family of General Soedirman
C. The death of General Soedirman
1945, at an election to decide the
military’s commander-in-chief in D. A spirit of General Soedirman for the Indonesian Armed Forces
Yogyakarta. The 24 years old E. The military forces commanded by General Soedirman
2. What can we infer from the monolugue?
A. His uncle’s name was also Soedirman
B. January is the month of Maulud
C. Soedirman was shot and died in the military war
D. Soedirman died when he was relatively young
E. Soedirman died on 1 March 1949

Recount Text Biography 2

Luis Lionel Andres Messi, born June 24th, 1987, is an Argentinian football player for F.C BarcelonA. He is
not very tall, mainly, due to the growing problem he had when he was younger. His eyes are brown. He
never has short hair.
Lionel Messi started playing football at a very early age in his hometown’s Newell’s Old Boys. From the
age of 11, he suffered from a hormone deficiency and as Lionel’s parents were unable to pay for the
treatment in Argentina, they decided to move to Barcelona, Spain.
In the 2003-2004 season, when he was still only 16 years old, Messi made his first team debut in a
friendly with Porto that marked the opening of the new Dragao stadium. The following championship-
winning season, Messi made his first appearance in an official match on October 16th, 2004, in
Barcelona’s derby win against Espanyol at the Olympic Stadium 0-1.. And now, in 2010, 2011, and 2012
he is best player in the world.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 2

Luis Lionel Andres Messi, lahir 24 Juni 1987, adalah pemain sepakbola Argentina untuk F.C BarcelonA.
Dia tidak terlalu tinggi, terutama, karena masalah yang semakin besar ketika dia masih muda. Matanya
coklat. Dia tidak pernah memiliki rambut pendek.
Lionel Messi mulai bermain sepakbola di usia yang sangat muda di Newell’s Old Boys, kampung
halamannya. Sejak usia 11 tahun, ia menderita kekurangan hormon dan karena orang tua Lionel tidak
mampu membayar perawatan di Argentina, mereka memutuskan untuk pindah ke Barcelona, Spanyol.
Pada musim 2003-2004, ketika ia masih berusia 16 tahun, Messi membuat debut tim pertamanya dalam
persahabatan dengan Porto yang menandai pembukaan stadion Dragao baru. Musim kemenangan
kejuaraan berikut, Messi membuat penampilan pertamanya dalam pertandingan resmi pada 16 Oktober
2004, dalam kemenangan derby Barcelona melawan Espanyol di Stadion Olimpiade 0-1 .. Dan sekarang,
pada 2010, 2011, dan 2012 dia yang terbaik pemain di dunia.

3. According to the text, Messi’s parents moved to Barcelona ….

A. because they were very poor in Argentina
B. because they wanted Messi to be successful in soccer
C. so that Messi could learn in the best soccer club
D. to get Messi’s health problem cured
E. to find the best treatment to cure Messi’s health problem
4. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. he hasn’t really attractive face, but he’s a very good football player
B. Lionel Messi is a good player for F.C Barcelona
C. his best characteristics are on the foot has competitiveness
D. he appears to be a quite good and modest person
E. he has long black hair and brown eyes

Recount Text Biography 3

Faraday studied the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC electric current. While conducting
these studies, Faraday established the basis for the electromagnetic field concept in physics,
subsequently enlarged upon by James Maxwell. He similarly discovered electromagnetic induction,
diamagnetism, and laws of electrolysis. He established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that
there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomenA. His inventions of electromagnetic
rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that
electricity became viable for use in technology.
As a chemist, Michael Faraday discovered benzene, investigated the clathrate hydrate of chlorine,
invented an early form of the Bunsen burner and the system of oxidation numbers, and popularized
terminology such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion.
Although Faraday received little formal education and knew little of higher mathematics, such as calculus,
he was one of the most influential scientists in history. Historians of science refer to him as the best
experimentalist in the history of sciencE. The SI unit of capacitance, the farad, is named after him, as is
the Faraday constant, the charge on a mole of electrons (about 96,485 coulombs). Faraday’s law of
induction states that magnetic flux changing in time creates a proportional electromotive force.
Faraday was the first and foremost Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution of Great
Britain, a position to which he was appointed for life.
Albert Einstein kept a photograph of Faraday on his study wall alongside pictures of Isaac Newton and
James Clerk Maxwell.
Faraday was highly religious. He was a member of the Sandemanian Church, a Christian sect founded in
1730 that demanded total faith and commitment. Biographers have noted that a strong sense of the unity
of God and nature pervaded Faraday’s life and work.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 4

Faraday mempelajari medan magnet di sekitar konduktor yang membawa arus listrik DC. Saat
melakukan studi ini, Faraday menetapkan dasar untuk konsep medan elektromagnetik dalam fisika, yang
kemudian diperbesar oleh James Maxwell. Dia juga menemukan induksi elektromagnetik,
diamagnetisme, dan hukum elektrolisis. Dia menetapkan bahwa magnet dapat mempengaruhi sinar
cahaya dan bahwa ada hubungan yang mendasari antara dua fenomena. Penemuannya dari perangkat
rotary elektromagnetik membentuk fondasi teknologi motor listrik, dan itu sebagian besar karena
usahanya bahwa listrik menjadi layak untuk digunakan dalam teknologi.
Sebagai seorang ahli kimia, Michael Faraday menemukan benzena, meneliti hidrat klatrat dari klorin,
menemukan bentuk awal dari pembakar Bunsen dan sistem bilangan oksidasi, dan terminologi populer
seperti anoda, katoda, elektroda, dan ion.
Meskipun Faraday menerima sedikit pendidikan formal dan tahu sedikit matematika yang lebih tinggi,
seperti kalkulus, dia adalah salah satu ilmuwan paling berpengaruh dalam sejarah. Sejarawan sains
menyebut dia sebagai eksperimentalis terbaik dalam sejarah sciencE. Satuan SI dari kapasitansi, farad,
dinamai menurut namanya, seperti juga konstanta Faraday, muatan pada satu mol elektron (sekitar
96,485 coulomb). Hukum induksi Faraday menyatakan bahwa perubahan fluks magnetik dalam waktu
menciptakan kekuatan elektromotif proporsional.
Faraday adalah Profesor Kimia Fullerian pertama dan terkemuka di Royal Institution of Great Britain,
posisi yang ia diangkat untuk hidup.
Albert Einstein menyimpan foto Faraday di dinding studinya bersama foto Isaac Newton dan James Clerk
Maxwell.
Faraday sangat religius. Dia adalah anggota Gereja Sandemanian, sebuah sekte Kristen yang didirikan
pada 1730 yang menuntut iman dan komitmen total. Para biografer telah mencatat bahwa rasa kesatuan
Tuhan dan alam yang kuat meliputi kehidupan dan pekerjaan Faraday.

5. What was Michael Faraday expert?

A. science, history and religion
B. chemistry, electricity and calculus
C. electronic, technology and religion
D. chemistry, physic and mathematics
E. physic, technology and photography

6. Which of the following statements closely relates to Michael Faraday?

A. Michael Faraday dedicated his life in science and religion.
B. Michael Faraday was downhearted his life in science.
C. Michael Faraday concentrated his life in technology.
D. Michael Faraday was one of successful scientists.
E. Michael Faraday poured his science in technology.

7. Based on the first paragraph, we conclude that ….

A. Faraday and James found the similar electromagnetic
B. Faraday found the electromagnetic induction
C. James discovered a DC electric current
D. James invented the motor technology
E. Faraday found the motor technology
Recount Text Biography 5
Picasso was one of the most outstanding and important artists of the 1900’s. He is best known for his
paintings. Almost every style in modern art is represented in Picasso’s works.
Picasso was born in 1881 in Malaga, Spain as the son of an art teacher. He studied painting from his
father and his college level course of study at the academy of arts in Madrid.
From about 1895 to 1901, he painted realistic works in a traditional stylE. He, then, entered what was
called the Blue PerioD. During this time, he only used shades of blue in his paintings to show the poverty
he saw in Barcelona.
After 1908, he entered into the style of cubism. Among his well-known cubist paintings are “Three
Musicians” and “Man with a Guitar”.
Picasso died in Moughins, France in 1973. He was really great artist.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 5

Picasso adalah salah satu seniman paling luar biasa dan penting di tahun 1900-an. Dia terkenal karena
lukisannya. Hampir setiap gaya dalam seni modern terwakili dalam karya-karya Picasso.
Picasso lahir pada 1881 di Malaga, Spanyol sebagai putra seorang guru seni. Ia belajar melukis dari
ayahnya dan kuliah tingkat perguruan tinggi di akademi seni di Madrid.
Dari sekitar tahun 1895 hingga 1901, ia melukis karya-karya realistis dalam gaya tradisional. Dia,
kemudian, memasuki apa yang disebut Blue PerioD. Selama ini, ia hanya menggunakan nuansa biru
dalam lukisannya untuk menunjukkan kemiskinan yang ia lihat di Barcelona.
Setelah 1908, ia masuk ke dalam gaya kubisme. Di antara lukisan cubistnya yang terkenal adalah “Three
Musicians” dan “Man with a Guitar”.
Picasso meninggal di Moughins, Prancis pada 1973. Dia benar-benar seniman hebat.

8. Why did Picasso become so popular? because ….

A. he was the most outstanding artist of the 1990’s.
B. he was known for his great paintings
C. he painted in traditional style.
D. he was son of an art teacher.
E. he studied in art school.
9. According to text, Picasso ….
A. died in Spain 1973.
B. was born in Malaga, Italy.
C. was famous for his painting style.
D. had a father who worked as an art teacher.
E. finished his study at the academy of Arts in Madrid.
10. What can be inferred from the text?
A. Picasso’s father was not good at art.
B. Picasso passed away at the age of 92.
C. Picasso was unpopular artist of 1990’s.
D. Blue Period shows the prosperity in Barcelona.
E. For 8 years, Picasso painted realistic works in a traditional style.
Recount Text Biography 6
Neymar da Silva Santos Junior born 5 February 1992, commonly known as Neymar, is a Brazilian
footballer who plays for La Liga club FC Barcelona and the Brazilian national team, as forward or winger.
At the age of 19, Neymar Jr won the 2011 South American Footballer of the Year award, after coming
third in 2010. He followed this up by winning it again in 2012. In 2012 Neymar received nominations for
the FIFA Ballon d’or, where he came 10th, and the FIFA Puskas Award, which he won. He is known for
his acceleration, speed, dribbling, finishing and ability with both feet. His playing style has earned him
critical acclaim, with fans, media and former players drawing comparison to former Brazil player Pele,
who has called Neymar “an excellent player”.
Neymar joined Santos 2003 and after through the ranks, he was promoted to their first team squaD. He
made his debut for Santos in 2009 and was voted the Best Young Player of the 2009 Campeonato
PaulistA. Further honours followed, with Neymar being voted best player as Santos won the 2010
Campeonato Paulista, and also being top score in the 2010 Copa de Brasil with 11 goals. He finished the
2010 season with 42 goals in 60 games as his club achieved the DoublE. Neymar was again voted best
player of the year in 2011 as his retained the state title and Santos also winning the 2011 Copa
Libertadores in which Neymar scored 6 goals in 13 appearances. He also playeda key role in securing a
continental Double for his team, Santos’ first since 1963. He received the Bronze Ball in the 2011 FIFA
Club World Cup, with Santos making it to the final, where they were defeated 4-0 by Barcelona.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 6

Neymar da Silva Santos Junior lahir 5 Februari 1992, umumnya dikenal sebagai Neymar, adalah pemain
Brasil yang bermain untuk klub La Liga FC Barcelona dan tim nasional Brasil, sebagai pemain depan
atau pemain sayap.
Pada usia 19 tahun, Neymar Jr memenangkan penghargaan Pemain Terbaik Amerika Selatan tahun
2011, setelah datang ketiga pada tahun 2010. Dia mengikuti ini dengan memenangkannya lagi pada
tahun 2012. Pada tahun 2012 Neymar menerima nominasi untuk FIFA Ballon d’or, di mana dia datang
ke-10, dan FIFA Puskas Award, yang dia menangkan. Ia dikenal karena akselerasinya, kecepatan,
dribbling, finishing dan kemampuan dengan kedua kakinya. Gaya permainannya membuatnya mendapat
pujian kritis, dengan penggemar, media, dan mantan pemain yang membandingkan dengan mantan
pemain Brasil, Pele, yang menyebut Neymar sebagai “pemain hebat”.
Neymar bergabung dengan Santos 2003 dan setelah melalui pangkat, dia dipromosikan ke tim utama
mereka. Dia melakukan debut untuk Santos pada tahun 2009 dan terpilih sebagai Pemain Muda Terbaik
dari Campeonato PaulistA 2009. Penghargaan lebih lanjut diikuti, dengan Neymar terpilih sebagai pemain
terbaik saat Santos memenangkan Campeonato Paulista 2010, dan juga menjadi top skor di 2010 Copa
de Brasil dengan 11 gol. Dia menyelesaikan musim 2010 dengan 42 gol dalam 60 pertandingan saat
klubnya mencapai DoublE. Neymar kembali terpilih sebagai pemain terbaik tahun ini pada tahun 2011
karena dia mempertahankan gelar negara dan Santos juga memenangkan Copa Libertadores 2011 di
mana Neymar mencetak 6 gol dalam 13 penampilan. Dia juga memainkan peran kunci dalam
mengamankan Double kontinental untuk timnya, Santos ‘pertama sejak 1963. Dia menerima Bola
Perunggu di Piala Dunia FIFA 2011, dengan Santos membuatnya ke final, di mana mereka dikalahkan 4-
0 oleh Barcelona .

11. What happened to Neymar in 2011?

A. He made his first debut
B. He moved to FC Barcelona
C. He received the FIFA Puskas Award
D. He scored 6 goals in 13 appearances
E. He helped Brazil to win their 11th title
12. The main idea of paragraph 3 is…
A. Neymar played for Santos
B. Neymar joined Santos
C. Neymar played the best
D. Neymar received awards
E. Neymar scored many goals
13. “…who has called Neymar an excellent player” (paragraph 2). The word ‘excellent’ is closest in
meaning to …
A. Confident
B. Fantastic
C. Magnificent
D. Skillful
E. Generous

Recount Text Biography 7

Cristiano Ronaldo was born on February 5, 1985, in Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. Manchester United paid
£12 million to sign him in 2003 – a record fee for a player of his agE. In the 2004 FA Cup Final, he scored
Manchester’s first three goals and helped them capture the championship. In 2008, he set a franchise
record for goals scoreD. In 2009, Real Madrid paid a record $131 million for his servicE.
It was through his dad’s work as an equipment manager at a boy’s club that Ronaldo was first introduced
to the game of soccer. By the time he was 10 years old, he was already recognized as a phenomenon – a
kid who ate, slept and drank the gamE. “All he wanted to do as a boy was playing football,” his godfather,
Fernao Sousa, recalled for British reporters, adding, “He loved the game so much that he’d miss meals or
escape out his bedroom window with a ball when he was supposed to be doing his homework.”
By his early teens, Ronaldo’s talent and legend had grown considerably. After a stint with Nacional da liha
da Madeira, he signed with Sporting Portugal in 2001. That same year, at the tender age of 16, Ronaldo
turned heads with a impressing performance against Manchester United, wowing even his opponents with
his footwork and deft skill. He made such an impression that a number of United players asked their
manager to try and sign the young player. It wasn’t long before the club paid Ronaldo’s team more than
£12 million for his services – a record fee for a player of his age.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 7

Cristiano Ronaldo lahir pada tanggal 5 Februari 1985 di Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. Manchester United
membayar £ 12 juta untuk mengontraknya pada tahun 2003 – biaya rekor untuk pemain agE-nya. Di Final
Piala FA 2004, ia mencetak tiga gol pertama Manchester dan membantu mereka merebut kejuaraan.
Pada tahun 2008, ia menetapkan rekor waralaba untuk skor scoreD. Pada tahun 2009, Real Madrid
membayar $ 131 juta untuk layanannya.
Melalui pekerjaan ayahnya sebagai manajer peralatan di klub anak laki-laki, Ronaldo pertama kali
diperkenalkan ke permainan sepak bola. Pada saat dia berumur 10 tahun, dia sudah diakui sebagai
fenomena – seorang anak yang makan, tidur dan minum gamenya. “Semua yang ia ingin lakukan saat
anak laki-laki bermain sepak bola,” ayah baptisnya, Fernao Sousa, teringat untuk wartawan Inggris,
menambahkan, “Dia sangat menyukai permainan itu sehingga dia melewatkan makanan atau melarikan
diri dari jendela kamar tidurnya dengan bola ketika dia seharusnya melakukan pekerjaan rumahnya. ”
Pada awal masa remajanya, bakat dan legenda Ronaldo telah berkembang pesat. Setelah bekerja
dengan Nacional da liha da Madeira, ia menandatangani kontrak dengan Sporting Portugal pada tahun
2001. Pada tahun yang sama, di usia muda 16 tahun, Ronaldo berubah pikiran dengan penampilan yang
mengesankan melawan Manchester United, bahkan membuat lawannya kaget dengan keterampilannya
di lapangan dan cekatan. . Dia membuat kesan bahwa sejumlah pemain United meminta manajer mereka
untuk mencoba dan menandatangani pemain muda. Itu tidak lama sebelum klub membayar tim Ronaldo
lebih dari £ 12 juta untuk jasanya – biaya rekor untuk pemain seusianya.

15. What was Ronaldo action for MU in year 2004?

A. Signed new contract
B. Scored goals to Real Madrid
C. Won FA Cup Championship
D. Got payment of $131 million for his service
E. Paid $12 million

16. We can learn from paragraph 2 that…

A. Ronaldo was a talented football player
B. Ronaldo was a very energetic football player
C. Ronaldo gained his success by his early teens
D. Ronaldo was a legendary young football player
E. Ronaldo became the youngest player in Manchester
17. “After a stint with Nacional da liha da Madeira, he signed with Sporting Portugal in 2001.” (Paragraph
3. The word “signed with” can be replaced by…
A. Participated
B. Went
C. Followed
D. Joined >>>>>>
E. Wrote

Recount Text Biography 8

Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 12, 1809. He came from a wealthy
family and never had to work. He studied medicine and theology. In 1831 he graduated from University of
Cambridge with a degree of theology.
He began a career as a scientist quite by chancE. On December 27,1831, 22 years old Charles Darwin
joined the crew of the HMS Beagle as a [Link] five years expedition collected hydrographic,
geologic, and meteorologic data from South America and many other regions around the worlD. Darwin’s
own observation on this voyage led to his theory of natural selection.
Charles Darwin was greatly influenced by the geologist Adam Sedgwick and naturalist John Henslow in
his development of the theory of natural selection, which was to become the foundation concept
supporting the theory of evolution. Darwin’s theory holds that environmental effects lead to varying
degrees of reproductive success in individuals and groups of organisms. Natural selection tends to
promote adaptation in organisms when necessary for survival. This revolutionary theory was published in
1859 in Darwin’s now famous On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 8

Charles Robert Darwin lahir di Shrewsbury, Inggris, pada tanggal 12 Februari 1809. Dia berasal dari
keluarga kaya dan tidak pernah bekerja. Ia belajar kedokteran dan teologi. Pada 1831 ia lulus dari
Universitas Cambridge dengan gelar teologi.
Dia memulai karir sebagai ilmuwan cukup oleh chancE. Pada tanggal 27 Desember 1831, Charles
Darwin berusia 22 tahun bergabung dengan kru HMS Beagle sebagai seorang naturalis. Ekspedisi lima
tahun mengumpulkan data hidrografi, geologi, dan meteorologi dari Amerika Selatan dan banyak wilayah
lain di seluruh dunia. Pengamatan Darwin sendiri terhadap perjalanan ini mengarah pada teorinya
tentang seleksi alam.
Charles Darwin sangat dipengaruhi oleh ahli geologi Adam Sedgwick dan naturalis John Henslow dalam
pengembangan teori seleksi alam, yang menjadi konsep fondasi yang mendukung teori evolusi. Teori
Darwin menyatakan bahwa efek lingkungan menyebabkan berbagai tingkat keberhasilan reproduksi pada
individu dan kelompok organisme. Seleksi alam cenderung mempromosikan adaptasi dalam organisme
bila diperlukan untuk kelangsungan hidup. Teori revolusioner ini diterbitkan pada 1859 di Darwin
sekarang terkenal On the Origin of Species oleh Sarana Seleksi Alam.

19. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution believed that ….

A. people could defend themselves naturally
B. environment affected natural election
C. organism needed adaptation to survive
D. people and nature supported to each other
E. natural selection tend to adapt organism to survive
20. How was Darwin’s theory of natural selection developed?
A. Adapted by the necessary for survival
B. Influenced by his collection.
C. Supported the effect of environment.
D. Influenced by John Henslow.
E. Affected by groups of organisms.
21. The famous Darwin theory was published based on ….
A. theories developed by other scientists
B. the influence of organisms adaptation in survival living
C. the success of his observation supported by geologist and naturalist
D. his expedition and natural observation data a scientist
E. the observation of other geologists’ natural selection

Recount Text Biography 9

Victoria Caroline Beckham is an English singer-songwriter, dancer, model, actress, fashion designer and
business woman. She was born on April 17, 1974, in Essex, EnglanD. She became famous in the 1990’s
with the pop group “The Spice Girl”and was known as Posh SpicE. In 1999, she married the Manchester
United and England footballer, David Beckham. They have four children, three sons and a daughter.
After The Spice Girl split up, she pursued a solo singer career, but also started her own fashion range
called dVb StylE. Since this initial foray into fashion Victoria Beckham has brought out her own range of
sunglasses and fragrance, entitled “Intimately Beckham”and a range of handbags and jewelry.
In addition she had written two best-selling books: one her autobiography and the other, a fashion guide.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 9

Victoria Caroline Beckham adalah seorang penyanyi-penulis lagu Inggris, penari, model, aktris,
perancang busana dan wanita bisnis. Ia dilahirkan pada 17 April 1974, di Essex, EnglanD. Dia menjadi
terkenal pada tahun 1990 dengan grup pop “The Spice Girl” dan dikenal sebagai Posh SpicE. Pada tahun
1999, ia menikah dengan pesepakbola Manchester United dan Inggris, David Beckham. Mereka memiliki
empat anak, tiga putra dan satu anak perempuan.
Setelah The Spice Girl berpisah, ia mengejar karir penyanyi solo, tetapi juga memulai jajaran fashion
sendiri yang disebut dVb StylE. Sejak awal terjun ke dunia fashion, Victoria Beckham telah mengeluarkan
berbagai macam kacamata hitam dan wewangian, berjudul “Intimately Beckham” dan berbagai tas dan
perhiasan.
Selain itu ia telah menulis dua buku terlaris: satu otobiografinya dan yang lainnya, panduan mode.

22. What did Victoria do before being a solo singer?

A. Married to David Beckham
B. Worked as fashion designer
C. Joined The Spice Girl
D. Created fashion style
E. Wrote many books
23. We found in the text that ….
A. Victoria named her fragrance by dVb style
B. Beckham is Victoria’s autobiography
C. Beckham is Victoria’s brand for her fragrance
D. Posh Spice is the title of her new album
E. Spice Girls is Victoria’s label for her wardrobe
24. Based on the text, what do we know about Victoria?
A. She is an ordinary woman
B. She is a multi-talented woman
C. She designed The Spice Girls
D. She married to an ordinary person
E. She arranged many songs for The Spice Girls

Recount Text Biography 10

Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, and ornament manufacturer. He was
the inventor of dynamitE. He also owned Bofors, which he had redirected from its previous role as
primarily an iron and steel producer to a major manufacturer of cannons and other ornaments. He held
355 different patents, dynamite being the most famous. In his last will, he used his enormous fortune to
institute the Nobel Prizes. The synthetic element nobelium was named after him. He was the third son of
Immanuel Nobel and Andriette Ahlsell Nobel. Born in Stckholm on 21 October 1833, he went with my
family to Saint Petersburg in 1842, where his father invented modern plywooD. He studied chemistry with
Professor Nikolay Nickolaevich Zinin. When he was 18, he went to the United States to study chemistry
for four years and worked for a short period under John Ericsson, who designed the American Civil War
ironclad USS Monitor.
Returning to Sweden, with his father after bankruptcy of his family business, he then devoted himself to
the study of explosives, and especially to the save manufacture and use of nitroglycerine (discovered in
1847 by Acanio Sobrero, one of his fellow students under Theophile-Jules Pelouze at the University of
Turin). A big explosion occurred on 2 September 1864 at his factory in Heleneborg in Stockholm, killing
five peoplE. Among them was his younger brother, Emil.
The foundations of the Nobel Prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much
of his wealth for its establishment. Since 1901, the prize has honoured men and women for outstanding
achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and for work in peace.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 10

Alfred Bernhard Nobel adalah seorang ahli kimia, insinyur, inovator, dan produsen perhiasan Swedia. Dia
adalah penemu dinamit. Dia juga memiliki Bofors, yang telah dialihkan dari peran sebelumnya sebagai
produsen besi dan baja untuk produsen utama meriam dan ornamen lainnya. Dia memegang 355 paten
berbeda, dinamit menjadi yang paling terkenal. Dalam wasiatnya yang terakhir, ia menggunakan
kekayaannya yang luar biasa untuk melembagakan Hadiah Nobel. Unsur sintetis nobelium dinamai
menurut namanya. Dia adalah putra ketiga Immanuel Nobel dan Andriette Ahlsell Nobel. Lahir di
Stckholm pada 21 Oktober 1833, ia pergi bersama keluarga saya ke Saint Petersburg pada tahun 1842,
di mana ayahnya menemukan plywooD modern. Ia belajar kimia dengan Profesor Nikolay Nickolaevich
Zinin. Ketika berusia 18 tahun, ia pergi ke Amerika Serikat untuk belajar kimia selama empat tahun dan
bekerja untuk jangka waktu singkat di bawah John Ericsson, yang merancang Perang Sipil Amerika
Serikat USS Monitor.
Kembali ke Swedia, dengan ayahnya setelah kebangkrutan bisnis keluarganya, ia kemudian
mengabdikan dirinya untuk mempelajari bahan peledak, dan terutama untuk menyimpan pembuatan dan
penggunaan nitrogliserin (ditemukan pada tahun 1847 oleh Acanio Sobrero, salah satu rekan
mahasiswanya di bawah Theophile- Jules Pelouze di Universitas Turin). Ledakan besar terjadi pada 2
September 1864 di pabriknya di Heleneborg di Stockholm, menewaskan lima orang. Di antara mereka
adalah adik laki-lakinya, Emil.
Dasar-dasar Hadiah Nobel diletakkan pada tahun 1895 ketika Alfred Nobel menulis surat wasiatnya yang
terakhir, meninggalkan banyak kekayaannya untuk pendiriannya. Sejak 1901, hadiah tersebut telah
menghormati pria dan wanita untuk pencapaian luar biasa dalam fisika, kimia, kedokteran, sastra dan
untuk bekerja dalam damai.

25. Where did Alfred Nobel work with John Ericsson?

A. In Sweden
B. In the USA
C. In Stockholm
D. In Heleneborg
E. In Saint Petersburg
26. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A. Alfred Nobel devoted himself to the study of chemistry
B. His success with explosive finally led to the 1864 tragedy
C. A big explosion in Heleneborg in Stockholm killed many people
D. A big explosion destroyed his factory in Heleneborg Stockholm
E. Alfred Nobel planned the safe manufacture and use of nitroglycerine
27. What was Bofor’s main business under Alfred Nobel?
A. It manufactured cannons and other ornaments
B. It designed the ironclad monitor
C. It produced iron and steel
D. It produced dynamite
E. It invented nobelium

Recount Text Biography 11

Born into a family of doctors in Kampung Ketapang, Kwitang Barat, Jakarta, Abdulrachman Saleh also
became a doctor. After finishing MULO, he studied at STOVIA. While still a student, he was appointed
assistant at the laboratory of physiology. Graduating from STOVIA, Abdulrachman Saleh continued his
work at the lab while having his own medical practice.
Abdulrachman Saleh’s role in medicine was significant. He became a lecturer in Jakarta, Surabaya,
Malang, and Klaten. For his meritorious service in medicine, specifically in physiology, in 1958, the
University of Indonesia bestowed him the title of Bapak Ilmu Faal (Father of Physiology).
Abdulrachman Saleh was a man of many interests. He was involved in youth organizations like Boy
Scouts and Indonesia MudA. He was also a member of Aeroclub, and co-founded theVerenigde Oosterse
Radio Omroep (VORO), an organization of broadcasters. It was he who established the Voice of Free
Indonesia, the radio station which spread the proclamation of Indonesia’s independence to the worlD.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 11

Lahir di keluarga dokter di Kampung Ketapang, Kwitang Barat, Jakarta, Abdulrachman Saleh juga
menjadi dokter. Setelah menyelesaikan MULO, dia belajar di STOVIA. Saat masih menjadi mahasiswa, ia
ditunjuk sebagai asisten di laboratorium fisiologi. Lulus dari STOVIA, Abdulrachman Saleh melanjutkan
pekerjaannya di lab sambil menjalani praktik medisnya sendiri.
Peran Abdulrachman Saleh dalam kedokteran sangat signifikan. Ia menjadi dosen di Jakarta, Surabaya,
Malang, dan Klaten. Untuk jasanya dalam bidang kedokteran, khususnya di bidang fisiologi, pada tahun
1958, Universitas Indonesia memberikannya gelar Bapak Ilmu Faal (Father of Physiology).
Abdulrachman Saleh adalah seorang pria yang memiliki banyak kepentingan. Dia terlibat dalam
organisasi pemuda seperti Pramuka dan MudA Indonesia. Dia juga anggota Aeroclub, dan mendirikan
Vodigio Oosterse Radio Omroep (VORO), sebuah organisasi penyiar. Dialah yang mendirikan Voice of
Free Indonesia, stasiun radio yang menyebarkan proklamasi kemerdekaan Indonesia ke dunia.

28. Abdulrachman Saleh was bestowed the title Father of Physiology because ….
A. he was a lecturer in the Medical faculty of the University of Indonesia
B. he was a lecturer as well as a doctor
C. he had significant contribution in physiology
D. he was a lecturer in many parts of Indonesia E. he was a professor in physiology
29. The main idea of the first paragraph is that Abdulrachman Saleh …
A. had his own medical practice,
B. studied at the medical school in STOVIA.
C. became a doctor because of his family.
D. was appointed assistant at the laboratory of physiology.
E. started his career as a doctor in STOVIA.
30. Besides medicine, Abdulrachman also had a special interest in ….
A. laboratorium assistance
B. student organizations
C. aeroplane designing
D. broadcasting
E. politics

Recount Text Biography 12

I, Milton Friedman was born on July 31, 1921, in Brooklyn, N.Y., the fourth and last child and first son of
Sarah Ethel (Landau) and Jeno Saul Friedman. My parents were born in Carpatho-Ruthenia of the Soviet
Union. They emigrated to the U.S. in their teens, meeting in New York. When I was a year old, my
parents moved to Rahway, N.J., a small town about 20 miles from New York City.
I was awarded a competitive scholarship to Rutgers University. I graduated from Rutgers in 1932. I
financed the rest of my college expenses by the usual mixture of waiting at tables, clerking in a retail
store, occasional entrepreneurial ventures, and summer earnings. Shortly, however, I became interested
in economics.
In economics, I had the good fortune to be exposed to two remarkable men: Arthur F. Burns and Homer
Jones. Arthur Burns shaped my understanding of economic research, introduced me to the highest
scientific standards, and became a guiding influence on my subsequent career. Homer Jones introduced
me to rigorous economic theory, made economics exciting and relevant, and encouraged me to go on to
graduate work. On his recommendation, the Chicago Economics Department offered me a tuition
scholarship. As it happened, I was also offered a scholarship by Brown University in Applied
Mathematics, but, by that time, I had definitely transferred my primary allegiance to economics. In 1976 I
won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for my achievements in the fields of consumption analysis,
monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy. In 1977, at
age 65,1 retired from the University of Chicago after teaching there for 30 years.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 12

Saya, Milton Friedman lahir pada 31 Juli 1921, di Brooklyn, N.Y., anak keempat dan terakhir dan putra
pertama Sarah Ethel (Landau) dan Jeno Saul Friedman. Orang tua saya lahir di Carpatho-Ruthenia dari
Uni Soviet. Mereka beremigrasi ke AS di usia remaja, bertemu di New York. Ketika saya berumur
setahun, orang tua saya pindah ke Rahway, N.J., sebuah kota kecil sekitar 20 mil dari New York City.
Saya dianugerahi beasiswa kompetitif ke Universitas Rutgers. Saya lulus dari Rutgers pada tahun 1932.
Saya membiayai sisa biaya kuliah saya dengan campuran biasa menunggu di meja, berdiskusi di toko
ritel, usaha wirausaha sesekali, dan penghasilan musim panas. Namun, sesaat, saya menjadi tertarik
dengan ekonomi.
Dalam ilmu ekonomi, saya memiliki nasib baik untuk dihadapkan pada dua orang luar biasa: Arthur F.
Burns dan Homer Jones. Arthur Burns membentuk pemahaman saya tentang penelitian ekonomi,
memperkenalkan saya pada standar ilmiah tertinggi, dan menjadi pengaruh membimbing pada karier
saya selanjutnya. Homer Jones memperkenalkan saya pada teori ekonomi yang ketat, membuat ekonomi
menjadi menarik dan relevan, dan mendorong saya untuk terus bekerja. Atas rekomendasinya,
Departemen Ekonomi Chicago menawarkan saya beasiswa kuliah. Ketika itu terjadi, saya juga ditawari
beasiswa oleh Brown University dalam Matematika Terapan, tetapi, pada saat itu, saya pasti telah
mentransfer kesetiaan utama saya ke ekonomi. Pada tahun 1976 saya memenangkan Hadiah Nobel
dalam bidang Ekonomi untuk pencapaian saya di bidang analisis konsumsi, sejarah dan teori moneter,
dan untuk demonstrasi kompleksitas kebijakan stabilisasi. Pada tahun 1977, pada usia 65,1 pensiun dari
Universitas Chicago setelah mengajar di sana selama 30 tahun.

31. Who influenced Milton Friedman on economic research?

A. Sarah Ethel.
B. Jeno Friedman.
C. Arthur F. Burns
D. Homer Jones.
E. Alfred Nobel.
32. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
A. Milton Friedman was very committed in his interest and talent in economics
B. Homer Jones shaped Milton Friedman understanding of economic research.
C. Arthur Burns introduced Milton Friedman to rigorous economic theory.
D. Brown University offered Milton Friedman a tuition scholarship.
E. Milton Friedman was offered a scholarship by the Chicago Economics Department in Applied
Mathematics.
33. What did Milton Friedman do in financing his college expenses?
A. He was a teacher during summer.
B. He had a job in entrepreneur company.
C. He worked as a clerk in a retail store
D. He sold tables to people.
E. He taught economics in the university.

Recount Text Biography 13

Diana was born in 1961 as the third daughter of Edward John Spencer and his wife Ruth Burke RochE.
Diana grew up in a very privileged family that had a long history of close ties with the royal family. When
Diana’s paternal grandfather passed away in 1975, Diana’s father became the 8th Earl of Spencer and
Diana gained the title of “Lady”.
In 1969, Diana’s parents divorceD. Her mother’s affair helped court decide to give custody of the couple’s
four children to Diana’s father. Both of her parents eventually remarried, but the divorce left an emotional
scar on Diana.
Diana attended school at West Heath in Kent and spent a short time a finishing school in SwitzerlanD.
Although she was not an excellent student academically, her determined personality, caring nature, and
cheerful outlook helped her through it. After returning from Switzerland, Diana rented an apartment with
two friends, worked with children at the Young England Kindergarten, and watched movies and visited
restaurants in her free time.
It was about this time that Prince Charles, in his early 30, was under increasing pressure to choose a
wifE. Diana’s vibrancy, cheerfulness, and good family background caught the attention of Prince Charles
and the two began dating during in mid-1980. It was a whirlwind romance for on February 24, 1981,
Buckingham Palace officially announce the couple’s engagement. At the time, Lady Diana and Prince
Charles seemed truly in love and whole world was awed by what seemed like a fairytale romance.
Arti Teks Recount Biografi 13
Diana lahir pada tahun 1961 sebagai putri ketiga Edward John Spencer dan istrinya Ruth Burke RochE.
Diana tumbuh dalam keluarga yang sangat istimewa yang memiliki sejarah panjang hubungan dekat
dengan keluarga kerajaan. Ketika kakek ayah Diana meninggal pada tahun 1975, ayah Diana menjadi
Earl of Spencer ke-8 dan Diana mendapatkan gelar “Lady”.
Pada tahun 1969, orang tua Diana bercerai. Perselingkuhan ibunya membantu pengadilan memutuskan
untuk memberikan hak asuh atas keempat anak mereka kepada ayah Diana. Kedua orang tuanya
akhirnya menikah lagi, tetapi perceraian meninggalkan luka emosional pada Diana.
Diana bersekolah di West Heath di Kent dan menghabiskan waktu yang singkat untuk menyelesaikan
sekolah di Switzerlan. Meskipun dia bukan murid yang baik secara akademis, kepribadiannya yang
teguh, sifat peduli, dan pandangan yang ceria membantunya melewatinya. Setelah kembali dari Swiss,
Diana menyewa sebuah apartemen dengan dua teman, bekerja dengan anak-anak di TK Young England,
dan menonton film dan mengunjungi restoran di waktu luangnya.
Pada saat inilah Pangeran Charles, di usia 30 tahun, berada di bawah tekanan yang meningkat untuk
memilih istri. Getaran, keceriaan, dan latar belakang keluarga Diana yang baik menarik perhatian
Pangeran Charles dan keduanya mulai berpacaran selama pertengahan tahun 1980. Itu adalah romansa
angin puyuh pada 24 Februari 1981, Istana Buckingham secara resmi mengumumkan pertunangan
pasangan itu. Pada saat itu, Lady Diana dan Pangeran Charles tampak benar-benar jatuh cinta dan
seluruh dunia terpesona oleh apa yang tampak seperti romansa dongeng.

34. How did Diana spend her free time when she was still a bachelorette?
A. She watched movies
B. She finished her school
C. She worked in restaurant
D. She returned to Switzerland
E. She visited her friends near the restaurant
35. The custody of the couple’s four children was given to Diana’s father because…….
A. her outlook was cheerful
B. her mother had an affair
C. she determined her personality
D. she had her very privileged family
E. her paternal grandfather was dead
36. How was Diana’ academic achievement?
A. Super
B. Average
C. First rate
D. Admirable
E. Exceptional

Recount Text Biography 14

Maria Yuryevna Sharapova is a Russian professional tennis player. She was born in 1987 in Ngayan,
Siberia.
At the age of three, Sharapova moved with her family to Sochi. She began playing tennis at the age of
four using a racket given to her by Yevgeng Kafelnikov’s father. At the age five or six, at a tennis clinic in
Moscow, Sharapova was spotted by Martina Navratilova, who urged her parents to get her serious
coaching in the USA.
At the age of seven, she and her father boarded a plane to the USA with only $700. Her father took her to
the Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy where one of the coaches check her out. The story goes that maria
knocked his hat off with the tennis ball, thereby making a favorable impression. This led her obtaining a
scholarship. At the age of nine, she was signed up by a number of sponsors including Prince (racquets),
Oakley and Nike.
In 2004, Sharapova became the second youngest Wimbledon women’s champion in open era (after
Martina Hingis) by defeating defending two-time champion Serena Williams in straight sets (6-1, 6-4). In
the process she also became the first Russian ever to win that tournament.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 14

Maria Yuryevna Sharapova adalah pemain tenis profesional Rusia. Ia lahir pada tahun 1987 di Ngayan,
Siberia.
Pada usia tiga tahun, Sharapova pindah bersama keluarganya ke Sochi. Dia mulai bermain tenis pada
usia empat tahun menggunakan raket yang diberikan kepadanya oleh ayah Yevgeng Kafelnikov. Pada
usia lima atau enam tahun, di sebuah klinik tenis di Moskow, Sharapova ditemukan oleh Martina
Navratilova, yang mendesak orangtuanya untuk mendapatkan pelatihan serius di AS.
Pada usia tujuh tahun, dia dan ayahnya naik pesawat ke AS hanya dengan $ 700. Ayahnya
membawanya ke Akademi Tenis Nick Bollettieri di mana salah satu pelatih memeriksanya. Cerita
berlanjut bahwa maria menjatuhkan topinya dengan bola tenis, sehingga memberi kesan yang baik. Ini
membuatnya mendapatkan beasiswa. Pada usia sembilan tahun, ia didaftarkan oleh sejumlah sponsor
termasuk Pangeran (raket), Oakley dan Nike.
Pada 2004, Sharapova menjadi juara wanita Wimbledon termuda kedua di era terbuka (setelah Martina
Hingis) dengan mengalahkan juara bertahan dua kali Serena Williams dalam set langsung (6-1, 6-4).
Dalam prosesnya dia juga menjadi orang Rusia pertama yang memenangkan turnamen itu.

37. What is the text about?

A. The family of maria Sharapova
B. Professional tennis players in the world
C. The happiness of having a great father
D. The working experienceof maria Sharapova
38. In what age was miss Sharpova being a model of some products?
A. Three
B. Four
C. Five
D. Nine
39. “… was spotted by Martina Navratilova …” (Paragraph 2). The synonym of word “spotted” is…
A. seen
B. searched
C. placed
D. introduced
Recount Text Biography 15
Kang Chol Hwan was born into a loyal family that had once lived in the large Korean community of Japan.
In Kyoto, his grandfather had been supporter of Kim II Sung, North Korean’s Great Leader since 1945. In
1961 the grandfather returned with his family to North Korea and had important government post.
Within months, however, he was complaining to friends that North Korea was not the country he had
expecteD. He was shocked to see so much poverty, which he eventually came to blame on the
government’s stifl ing left for work and never returneD. One morning in July 1977, when Kang was nine,
his grandfather left for work and never returned.
A few weeks later, seven plain clothes security guard stormed into Kang’s house “Your grandfather
betrayed the fatherland,” one of them stated” You must be punished.”
Kang’s parents and grandmother sobbed as they forced to pack their belongings into two army trucks.
The family was driven off, but Kang’s mother was left behind, “spared” because her own father was
regarded as a revolutationary hero. That was the last Kang ever saw her.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 15

Kang Chol Hwan dilahirkan dalam keluarga setia yang pernah tinggal di komunitas Korea besar Jepang.
Di Kyoto, kakeknya telah mendukung Kim II Sung, Pemimpin Besar Korea Utara sejak 1945. Pada tahun
1961, kakek kembali dengan keluarganya ke Korea Utara dan memiliki pos pemerintah yang penting.
Namun, dalam beberapa bulan, ia mengeluh kepada teman-teman bahwa Korea Utara bukan negara
yang diharapkannya. Dia terkejut melihat begitu banyak kemiskinan, yang pada akhirnya dia disalahkan
pada kekangan pemerintah yang tersisa untuk bekerja dan tidak pernah kembali. Suatu pagi di bulan Juli
1977, ketika Kang berusia sembilan tahun, kakeknya berangkat kerja dan tidak pernah kembali.
Beberapa minggu kemudian, tujuh petugas keamanan berpakaian polos menyerbu ke rumah Kang
“Kakekmu mengkhianati tanah air,” salah satu dari mereka mengatakan “Kamu harus dihukum.”
Orang tua dan nenek Kang terisak ketika mereka dipaksa untuk mengemas barang-barang mereka ke
dalam dua truk tentara. Keluarga itu diusir, tetapi ibu Kang ditinggalkan, “terhindar” karena ayahnya
sendiri dianggap sebagai pahlawan revolusioner. Itu Kang terakhir yang pernah melihatnya.

40. What was a reason for Kang’s grandfather never returned to Kang’s house?
A. A supporter of Kim II Sung
B. Accused of betraying North Korea
C. Regarded as a hero
D. As an important person in Korea
E. Force Kang’s family to leave their homeland
41. What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph?
A. The last minutes Kang gathered together with his mother
B. The day Kang ever saw his grandma and grandpa
C. The moment Kang’s father was regarded as a hero
D. The last day Kang’s parents and his grandma sobbed
E. The sad moment when Kang’s parents meet grandma
42. Why did Kang’s grandfather disappear?
A. He left for work and went somewhere else
B. He returned to North Korea
C. He was supporter of Kim II Sung
D. He went to the government’s office
E. He was kidnapped and punished by the security guards
43. A few weeks later, seven plain clothes security guards stormed into Kang’s housE. The word
“stormed” has the same meaning as ….
A. Destroyed
B. Attacked
C. Knocked
D. Involved
E. Knotted

Recount Text Biography 16

Keith Campbell, a prominent biologist who worked on cloning Dolly the sheep, died at 58, the University
of Nottingham said Thursday. Campbell, who had worked on animal improvement and cloning since
1999, died October 5, 2012, University spokesman Tim Utton saiD. He did not specify the cause, only
saying that Campbell had worked at the University until his death.
He began researching animal cloning at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh in 1991. In 1996 the
experiments led to the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. The
sheep was named after the voluptuous singer Dolly Parton. Researchers at the time said that the sheep
was created from a mammary gland cell, and that Parton offered an excellent example.
The creation of the sheep captured the public imagination and instantly became a scientific sensation.
The experiments drew not only admiration but also anger from some who raised questions about the
ethics of cloning. Animal rights activists were outraged, while the church of England expressed
reservations. Dolly was put down in 2003 after she developed a lung diseasE. Campbell’s interest in
cellular growth dated back to his college days studying microbiology in London.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 16

Keith Campbell, seorang ahli biologi terkemuka yang bekerja pada kloning Dolly domba, meninggal pada
58, Universitas Nottingham mengatakan Kamis. Campbell, yang telah bekerja pada perbaikan dan
kloning hewan sejak 1999, meninggal 5 Oktober 2012, juru bicara Universitas Tim Utton saiD. Dia tidak
menentukan penyebabnya, hanya mengatakan bahwa Campbell telah bekerja di Universitas sampai
kematiannya.
Dia mulai meneliti kloning hewan di Roslin Institute dekat Edinburgh pada tahun 1991. Pada tahun 1996
percobaan menyebabkan kelahiran domba Dolly, mamalia pertama yang dikloning dari sel dewasa.
Domba itu dinamai penyanyi menggairahkan Dolly Parton. Para peneliti pada saat itu mengatakan bahwa
domba diciptakan dari sel kelenjar susu, dan Parton itu menawarkan contoh yang sangat baik.
Penciptaan domba menangkap imajinasi publik dan langsung menjadi sensasi ilmiah. Percobaan tidak
hanya menarik kekaguman tetapi juga kemarahan dari beberapa orang yang mengajukan pertanyaan
tentang etika kloning. Aktivis hak-hak binatang marah, sementara gereja Inggris menyatakan keberatan.
Dolly diresmikan pada 2003 setelah ia mengembangkan penyakit paru-paru. Ketertarikan Campbell pada
pertumbuhan sel tertanggal kembali ke masa kuliahnya mempelajari mikrobiologi di London.

44. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

A. Campbell never felt leaving for the university
B. Campbell stopped working because of his sickness
C. Campbell focused his research dealing with humans
D. Campbell started researching animal cloning as his experiments
E. Campbell focused his research not only on the animal experiments
45. Why did the experiments not draw admiration perfectly?
A. Animal rights activists were outraged
B. The public imagination became a scientific sensation
C. Some people felt dissatisfied with the experiment results
D. Some people were angry from their question about the ethics of cloning
E. The experiments did not show the representative results of the cloning ethics
46. Why was the sheep named after Dolly Parton?
A. The researchers admired her
B. She was a voluptuous singer
C. She was a very popular singer
D. The mammary gland cell was taken from her
E. She was the one who inspired the researchers

Recount Text Biography 17

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) — Astronomer and Scientist. Galileo developed a superior telescope and
made many significant discoveries in astronomy. He was sentenced to life imprisonment by the inquisition
for his support for the Copernican theory that the sun was at the centre of the solar system.
Galileo was born in Florence, Italy in 1564 to a poor but noble family His parents recognized their child’s
innate intelligence and talents and so made sacrifices to have him educateD. At his father’s insistence,
Galileo studied the profitable career of medicinE. But, at the University of Pisa, Galileo became fascinated
in a wide range of subjects. He was also critical of many of Aristotle’s teaching which had dominated
education for the past 2,000 years.
Galileo was appointed to be a mathematics professor at the University of Pisa, but his strident criticisms
of Aristotle left him isolated among his contemporaries. After three years of persecution, he resigned and
went to the University of Padua, where he taught maths. His entertaining lectures attracted a large
following and he was able to spend the next 18 years pursuing his interests in astronomy and mechanics.

Arti Teks Recount Biografi 17

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) – Astronom dan Ilmuwan. Galileo mengembangkan teleskop superior dan
membuat banyak penemuan signifikan dalam astronomi. Dia dijatuhi hukuman penjara seumur hidup oleh
inkuisisi atas dukungannya untuk teori Copernicus bahwa matahari berada di pusat tata surya.
Galileo lahir di Firenze, Italia pada tahun 1564 ke keluarga miskin tetapi mulia. Orang tuanya mengakui
kecerdasan dan bakat bawaan anak mereka dan dengan begitu melakukan pengorbanan untuk
mendidiknya. Atas desakan ayahnya, Galileo mempelajari karier yang menguntungkan dari obat-obatan.
Namun, di Universitas Pisa, Galileo menjadi terpesona dalam berbagai mata pelajaran. Dia juga kritis
terhadap banyak ajaran Aristoteles yang telah mendominasi pendidikan selama 2.000 tahun terakhir.
Galileo diangkat menjadi profesor matematika di Universitas Pisa, tetapi kritik kerasnya tentang
Aristoteles membuatnya terasing di antara orang-orang sezamannya. Setelah tiga tahun penganiayaan,
dia mengundurkan diri dan pergi ke Universitas Padua, di mana dia mengajar matematika. Ceramahnya
yang menghibur menarik banyak pengikut dan dia mampu menghabiskan 18 tahun berikutnya untuk
mengejar minatnya dalam astronomi dan mekanik.
47. Something that we can learn from Galileo Galilei’s biography is …
A. We must always believe whatever the society believes to avoid getting persecuted.
B. We must never go against the believe of the society to avoid getting imprisoned.
C. We should believe in something and stay faithful to it no matter how hard
D. We must sacrifice everything to get ourselves educated.
E. We should spend 18 years to pursue our interests.
48. From the fact that Galileo Galilei was imprisoned for supporting the Copernican theory, which later
was proven to be true, we know that Galileo Galilei was …
A. Reckless
B. Stubborn
C. Tenacious
D. Arrogant
E. Foolish
49. According to the biography, why did Galileo Galilei resign from his teaching job at the University of
Pisa?
A. He had attracted many followers.
B. He was persecuted for three years
C. He was appointed as a mathematics professor.
D. He had a better offer from the University of Padua.
E. He wanted to pursue his interests in astronomy and mechanics.
50. “His parents recognized their child’s innate intelligence and talents and so made sacrifices to have
him educated.” (Paragraph 2). The underlined word “innate” is closest in meaning to …
A. Acquired
B. Ingenious
C. Multiple
D. Inborn
E. Strident

Thomas Alva Edison as Inventor who was born on February 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio. Thomas
Edison was the youngest of seven children Samuel and Edison. His father was an exiled political
activist, while his mother was an accomplished school teacher and had a great influence on
Thomas’ early life. Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor, his inventions include the
telegraph, the phonograph, the first practical incandescent electric light bulb, alkaline storage
batteries and the Kinetograph (camera for film).
During his lifetime, Edison received many patents. His first patent was obtained from the
Electrographic Vote-Recorder on October 13, 1868, at the age of 21. His last patent was for
equipment used to hold objects during the electroplating process. While the artificer wasn’t the
inventor of the first light bulb, he did find the technology that helped bring it back in time.
Edison was driven to perfect the commercially practical incandescent light bulb after the British
inventor invented the first early electric arc lamp in the early 1800s. Thomas Edison later died of
complications from his illness on October 18, 1931, at his home, “Glenmont,” in West Orange,
New Jersey.
 Ki Hadjar Dewantara, was born .
on May 2, 1889 in Yogyakarta.
He came from a Yogyakarta
aristocratic family and attended BJ Habibie Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie called BJ. Habibie was born
a Dutch-sponsored medical on twenty five Gregorian calendar months 1936. He was the Third
school but failed to complete the President of the Republic of the Republic of Indonesia (1998–1999).
course. Ki Hadjar Dewantara Habibie was born in Parepare, South Sulawesi Province to Alwi Abdul
was the founder of the Taman Jalil Habibie and R.A. Tuti Giambattista Marino Poespowardojo. His
Siswa school system, and father was a grower from Gorontalo of Bugis descent and his mother
having had a widespread was a Javanese peeress from Yogyakarta. His elders met while
influence, he also pushed for learning in Bogor.
modernization but also
promoted Indonesian culture. Once he was fourteen years old, Habibie’s father died.
He feels that education is the Following his father’s death, Habibie continued his studies in
best way to strengthen the national capital then in 1955 moved to Germany. In 1962,
Indonesian society. Habibie came to the Republic of Indonesia for 3 months on
leave. Throughout this point, he was reacquainted with Hasri
The first Taman Siswa school Ainun, the girl of R. Mohamad Besari. The 2 married in 1962,
was established in Java in July returning to Germany shortly later. Habibie and his mate settled
1922. Instruction, conducted in Aken for a brief amount before moving to Oberforstbach. In
informally, emphasized the 1963 they had their 1st son, Ilham Akbar Habibie, and later
traditional skills and values of another son, Thareq Kemal Habibie.
Javanese life, particularly in 1. Where was bj habibie born?
music and dance. Ki Hadjar
Dewantara later died on April a. BJ Habibie was born in Bogor
26, 1959, in Yogyakarta. After b. BJ Habibie was born in Gorontalo
his death, Ki Hadjar Dewantara c. BJ Habibi was born in Yogyakarta
was named one of the national d. BJ Habibie was born in Parepare
heroes in the field of education

2. What happened to BJ Habibie when he was fourteen years old?

a. His father died

b. He graduated from university
c. He married
d. He continuing his study

3. When did BJ Habibie get married?

. He got married in 1955

b. He got married in 1962
c. He got married in 1963
d. He got married in 1936
4. Who is the first son of BJ Habibie?

a. Hasri Ainun
b. Thareq Kemal Habibie
c. R. Mohamad Besari
d. Ilham Akbar Habibie

5. “In 1963 that they had their 1st son, Ilham Akbar Habibie, and later another son, Thareq
Kemal Habibie.” (paragraph 2) The word “they” supported the text on top of refers to…

a. BJ Habibie
b. Ilham Akbar Habibie and Thareq Kemal Habibie
c. BJ Habibie and his wife
d. Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and R.A. Tuti Giambattista Marino Poespowardojo

Text 2
General Sudirman was a high ranking Indonesian military personnel throughout the Indonesian
national revolution. He was the primary commander-in-chief of the Indonesian defense force, he
continues to be widely revered within the country. On twelve November 1945, at AN election to
come to a decision, the military’s commander-in-chief in YogyakartA. The twenty four years
previous Sudirman was chosen over Oerip Soemohardjo in a very close votE. While waiting to
be confirmed, Sudirman ordered AN assault on British and Dutch forces in Ambarawa.

The following battle and British withdrawal strongly supported Sudirman’s well-liked support,
and he was ultimately confirmed on eighteen Dec. General Sudirman commanded military
activities throughout Java, together with a show of force in Yogyakarta on one March 1949.
Once the Dutch began retreating, in July 1949 Sudirman was recalled to Yogyakarta and
verboten to fight any. In late 1949 Sudirman’s infectious disease came, and he retired to
Magelang, wherever he died slightly quite a month when the Dutch recognised Indonesia’s
independencE. he’s buried at Semaki Heroes’ burying ground in Yogyakarta

6. What’s the monologue about?

a. A life of General Soedirman

b. The family of General Soedirman
c. The death of General Soedirman
d. A spirit of General Soedirman for the Indonesian defense force
e. The military forces commanded by General Soedirman

7. What will we tend to infer from the monologue?

a. His uncle’s name was conjointly Soedirman
b. Gregorian calendar month is that the month of Maulud
c. Soedirman was shot and died within the military war
d. Soedirman died once he was comparatively young
e. Soedirman died on one March 1949

He was the first leader of independent Indonesia. Born in Java when the island
was part of the Dutch East Indies, Sukarno rose to power in 1949. Rather than
supporting Indonesia's original parliamentary system, he created a "guided
democracy" over which he held control. Sukarno was deposed by a military coup
in 1965 and died under house arrest in 1970.

Indonesian Independence Movement

Sukarno began to think about independence for the Dutch East Indies while he
was in high school. During college, he read deeply on different political
philosophies, including communism, capitalist democracy, and Islamism,
developing his own syncretic ideology of Indonesian socialist self-sufficiency. He
also established the Algameene Studieclub for like-minded Indonesian students.
In 1927, Sukarno and the other members of the Algameene Studieclub
reorganized themselves as the Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI), an anti-
imperialist, anti-capitalist independence party. Sukarno became the first leader
of the PNI. Sukarno hoped to enlist Japanese help in overcoming Dutch
colonialism and unite the different peoples of the Dutch East Indies into a single
nation.

The Dutch colonial secret police soon learned of the PNI, and in late December
1929, Sukarno and the other members were arrested. At his trial, which lasted for
the last five months of 1930, Sukarno made a series of impassioned political
speeches against imperialism that attracted widespread attention.

Sukarno was sentenced to four years in prison and went to the Sukamiskin Prison
in Bandung to begin serving his time. However, press coverage of his speeches so
impressed liberal factions in the Netherlands and in the Dutch East Indies that
Sukarno was released after just one year. He had also become very popular with
the Indonesian people.
While Sukarno was in prison, the PNI split into two opposing factions. One party,
the Partai Indonesia, favored a militant approach to revolution, while
the Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia (PNI Baroe) advocated slow revolution
through education and peaceful resistance. Sukarno agreed with the Partai
Indonesia approach more than the PNI's, so he became the head of that party in
1932 after his release from prison. On August 1, 1933, the Dutch police arrested
Sukarno once again while he was visiting Jakarta.

Japanese Occupation
In February 1942, the Imperial Japanese Army invaded the Dutch East Indies.
Cut off from help by the German occupation of the Netherlands, the colonial
Dutch quickly surrendered to the Japanese. The Dutch forced-marched Sukarno
to Padang, Sumatra, intending to send him to Australia as a prisoner, but had to
leave him in order to save themselves as Japanese forces approached.

The Japanese commander, Gen. Hitoshi Imamura, recruited Sukarno to lead the
Indonesians under Japan's rule. Sukarno was happy to collaborate with them at
first, in hopes of keeping the Dutch out of the East Indies.

However, the Japanese soon began to impress millions of Indonesian workers,

particularly Javanese, as forced labor. These romusha workers had to build
airfields and railways and grow crops for the Japanese. They worked very hard
with little food or water and were regularly abused by the Japanese overseers,
which quickly soured relations between the Indonesians and Japan. Sukarno
would never live down his collaboration with the Japanese.
Declaration of Independence for Indonesia
In June 1945, Sukarno introduced his five-point Pancasila, or principles of an
independent Indonesia. They included a belief in God but tolerance of all
religions, internationalism and just humanity, the unity of all Indonesia,
democracy through consensus, and social justice for all.
On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allied Powers. Sukarno's young
supporters urged him to immediately declare independence, but he feared
retribution from the Japanese troops still present. On August 16, the impatient
youth leaders kidnapped Sukarno and then convinced him to declare
independence the following day.

On August 18 at 10 a.m., Sukarno spoke to a crowd of 500 in front of his home

and declared the Republic of Indonesia independent, with himself serving as
president and his friend Mohammad Hatta as vice president. He also
promulgated the 1945 Indonesian Constitution, which included the Pancasila.

Although the Japanese troops still in the country tried to suppress news of the
declaration, word spread quickly through the grapevine. One month later, on
September 19, 1945, Sukarno spoke to a crowd of more than one million at
Merdeka Square in Jakarta. The new independence government controlled Java
and Sumatra, while the Japanese maintained their hold on the other islands; the
Dutch and other Allied Powers had yet to show up.
Negotiated Settlement With the Netherlands
Toward the end of September 1945, the British finally made an appearance in
Indonesia, occupying the major cities by the end of October. The Allies
repatriated 70,000 Japanese and formally returned the country to its status as a
Dutch colony. Due to his status as a collaborator with the Japanese, Sukarno had
to appoint an untainted prime minister, Sutan Sjahrir, and allow the election of a
parliament as he pushed for international recognition of the Republic of
Indonesia.

Under the British occupation, Dutch colonial troops and officials began to return,
arming the Dutch POWs formerly held captive by the Japanese and going on
shooting sprees against Indonesians. In November, the city of Surabaya
experienced an all-out battle in which thousands of Indonesians and 300 British
troops died.

This incident encouraged the British to hurry their withdrawal from Indonesia
and by November of 1946, all British troops were gone and 150,000 Dutch
soldiers returned. Faced with this show of force and the prospect of a long and
bloody independence struggle, Sukarno decided to negotiate a settlement with
the Dutch.

Despite vociferous opposition from other Indonesian nationalist parties, Sukarno

agreed to the November 1946 Linggadjati Agreement, which gave his government
control of Java, Sumatra, and Madura only. However, in July 1947, the Dutch
violated the agreement and launched Operatie Product, an all-out invasion of the
Republican-held islands. International condemnation forced them to halt the
invasion the following month, and former Prime Minister Sjahrir flew to New
York to appeal to the United Nations for intervention.

The Dutch refused to withdraw from the areas already seized in Operatie Product,
and the Indonesian nationalist government had to sign the Renville Agreement in
January 1948 as a result, which recognized Dutch control of Java and the best
agricultural land in Sumatra. All over the islands, guerrilla groups not aligned
with Sukarno's government sprang up to fight the Dutch.

In December 1948, the Dutch launched another major invasion of Indonesia

called Operatie Kraai. They arrested Sukarno, then-Prime Minister Mohammad
Hatta, Sjahrir, and other Nationalist leaders.

The backlash to this invasion from the international community was even
stronger; the United States threatened to halt Marshall Aid to the Netherlands if
it did not desist. Under the dual threat of a strong Indonesian guerrilla effort and
international pressure, the Dutch yielded. On May 7, 1949, they signed the Roem-
van Roijen Agreement, turning over Yogyakarta to the Nationalists and releasing
Sukarno and the other leaders from prison. On December 27, 1949,
the Netherlands formally agreed to relinquish its claims to Indonesia.
Sukarno Takes Power
In August 1950, the last part of Indonesia became independent from the Dutch.
Sukarno's role as president was mostly ceremonial, but as the "Father of the
Nation" he wielded a lot of influence. The new country faced a number of
challenges; Muslims, Hindus, and Christians clashed; ethnic Chinese clashed
with Indonesians; and Islamists fought with pro-atheist communists. In addition,
the military was divided between Japanese-trained troops and former guerrilla
fighters.

In October 1952, the former guerrillas surrounded Sukarno's palace with tanks,
demanding that the parliament be dissolved. Sukarno went out alone and gave a
speech, which convinced the military to back down. New elections in 1955 did
nothing to improve stability in the country, however. Parliament was divided
among all the various squabbling factions and Sukarno feared the entire edifice
would collapse.

Growing Autocracy
Sukarno felt he needed more authority and that Western-style democracy would
never function well in volatile Indonesia. Despite protests from Vice President
Hatta, in 1956 he put forth his plan for "guided democracy," under which
Sukarno, as president, would lead the population to a consensus on national
issues. In December 1956, Hatta resigned in opposition to this blatant power grab
—a shock to citizens around the country.

That month and into March 1957, military commanders in Sumatra and Sulawesi
ousted the Republican local governments and took power. They demanded that
Hatta be reinstated and communist influence over politics end. Sukarno
responded by installing Djuanda Kartawidjaja as vice president, who agreed with
him on "guided democracy," and declaring martial law on March 14, 1957.

Amid growing tensions, Sukarno went to a school function in Central Jakarta on

November 30, 1957. A member of the Darul Islam group tried to assassinate him
there with a grenade. Sukarno was unharmed, but six school children died.

Sukarno tightened his grip on Indonesia, expelling 40,000 Dutch citizens and
nationalizing all of their property, as well as that of Dutch-owned corporations
such as the Royal Dutch Shell oil company. He also instituted rules against
ethnic-Chinese ownership of rural land and businesses, forcing many thousands
of Chinese to move to the cities and 100,000 to return to China.

To quell military opposition in the outlying islands, Sukarno engaged in all-out

air and sea invasions of Sumatra and Sulawesi. The rebel governments had all
surrendered by the beginning of 1959, and the last guerrilla troops surrendered in
August 1961.

On July 5, 1959, Sukarno issued a presidential decree voiding the current

Constitution and reinstating the 1945 Constitution, which gave the president
significantly broader powers. He dissolved parliament in March 1960 and created
a new Parliament, for which he directly appointed half of the members. The
military arrested and jailed members of the opposition Islamist and socialist
parties and shut down a newspaper that had criticized Sukarno. The president
also began to add more communists to the government so that he wouldn't be
solely reliant on the military for support.

In response to these moves toward autocracy, Sukarno faced more than one
assassination attempt. On March 9, 1960, an Indonesian Air Force officer strafed
the presidential palace with the machine gun on his MiG-17, trying unsuccessfully
to kill Sukarno. Islamists later shot at the president during Eid al-Adha prayers in
1962, but again Sukarno was unhurt.

In 1963, Sukarno's hand-picked Parliament appointed him president for life. As a

dictator, he made his own speeches and writings mandatory subjects for all
Indonesian students, and all mass media in the country was required to report
only on his ideology and actions. To top his cult of personality, Sukarno renamed
the highest mountain in the country "Puntjak Sukarno," or Sukarno Peak, in his
own honor.

On March 12, 1967, Sukarno was formally ousted from the presidency and placed
under house arrest at the Bogor Palace. The Suharto regime did not allow him
proper medical care, so Sukarno died of kidney failure on June 21, 1970, in the
Jakarta Army Hospital. He was 69 years old.