Civil Engineering Journal Mercu Buana University
MEASUREMENT OF GEOMETRIC VARIATIONS
OF A RAILWAY TRUSS BRIDGE
(CASE STUDY: BH77 RAILWAY BRIDGE)
A.M. Larasati1), Pariatmono2), E.R. Fitriansyah3), M. Amin4), R.B. Muin5), D.A. Suseno6), M.S.
Harjono7), D.A. Purnomo8), W.A. Aspar9), T. Fiantika10), Emeralda11)
1)
Civil Engineering Post-Graduate Program, Faculty of Engineering, Mercu Buana University
Jl. Meruya Selatan No.1, RT.4/RW.1, Meruya Sel., Kembangan, West Jakarta11650, Indonesia
2)
National Agency for Research and Innovation, Jl, M. H. Thamrin 8, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
Correspondence email: anindhyamustika@gmail.com1), pariatmono@[Link].id2)
ABSTRACT
Based on Constitution No. 23 of 2007 that trains are one of the modes of transportation that has many
advantages, so it needs to be utilized in an effort to develop an integrated transportation system at an
affordable cost by the people's purchasing power. With thus, monitoring the condition of the railway
track on a regular basis needs to be carried out to minimize the risk of damage that may occur,
especially on the train bridge structure. Based on Bridge Inspection Guidelines No. 005-01
P/BM/2011, one of the causes of the decrease in the strength of the bridge structure can be caused
by changes in cross-sectional dimensions. The current dimensions of a bridge structure need to be
known because it will affect to the steel frame profile area, where the steel frame area will affect the
size or the small value of the deflection and stress of the bridge structure. So the dimensions of the
frame need to be seriously considered so that the stress and deflection values of the bridge structure
remain constant controlled. This research was conducted at the BH 77 Railway Bridge in Tegineneng,
Tanjungkarang-Martapura, Lampung, which uses a type frame configuration warren turss . This
location was chosen to fit the research that was also conducted by ORPPT. Based on the
measurement of the dimensions of the bridge truss that has been carried out, the results show that
there is a difference in the value of the circumference of each rod with the standard deviation for each
similar profile. The biggest difference in the circumference of the truss is the profile of H beam, 113
and 115 rods with dimensions of 340×300×15×18, the initial circumference value is 1280 mm and
after measurement is 1289.42 mm with a standard deviation value of 0.91 mm. while for the smallest
difference, namely the H beam profile, rod 110 with dimensions of 340×310×39×21, the initial
circumference value is 1300 mm and after measurement is 1300.33 mm with a standard deviation
value of 0.24 mm
Keywords: Measurement Geometry, Railway Bridges, BH77 Bridge.
rivers, lakes, irrigation canals and swamps. To
Introduction encourage
Based on Constitution No. 23 of 2007 that trains
are one of the modes of transportation that has
special characteristics and advantages, especially
for transporting passengers and goods en masse, research-based sustainable development,
saving energy, saving in use of space, has a high currently the government has established
safety factor, and a high level of low pollution level the National Research Priority on Railways
and more efficient than road transportation modes with the coordinator from Research
for transportation long distances as well as for Organization for the Assessment and
areas with heavy traffic. The advantages of the Application of Technology (OR PPT)
train need to be utilized in an effort to develop an including research regarding the Structural
integrated transportation system at a cost that is Health Monitoring System (SHMS) of railway
affordable by the people's purchasing power. bridges. SHMS intended to minimize the
Thus, it is necessary to monitor the condition of occurrence of accidents considering the age
the railway track regularly periodically to minimize of the bridge which is old and its condition
the risk of damage that may occur, especially on has begun to deteriorate. In this case,
the railroad bridge structure. The bridge is a path Research and Innovation Center of the
link if there is a field which has a fairly high Sumatran Institute of Railways Technology
elevation difference such as valleys and hills, involved in the implementation of the railway
uneven land contours, as well as the presence of research, especially in the Sumatra and in
collaboration with several universities, one of
December, 2021 1
Civil Engineering Journal Mercu Buana University
which is Mercu Buana University. This
research was conducted to measure the
dimensions of the existing steel structure
frame. The current dimensions of a bridge
structure need to be
known because it will affect to the area of the
steel frame profile, where the steel frame area
will affect the size or the small value of the
deflection and stress of the bridge structure. So
that the dimensions the frame needs to be
seriously considered so that the stress and
deflection values of the bridge structure are
kept under control. This research was
conducted at the BH 77 Railway Bridge in
Tegineneng, Tanjungkarang-Martapura,
Lampung using warren turss type frame
configuration. This location was chosen to fit
the research that was also conducted by
ORPPT.
Figure 2. Location of the BH77 Tegineneng
Jembatan Bridge
(Source: Google Earth , accessed September 24,
2021)
2. Literatur Study
In the construction of railroad tracks, we often
find terrain that has high elevation differences
such as valleys and hills, uneven ground
contours, and also the presence of rivers,
lakes, irrigation canals and swamps. This leads
to the need bridges were made as a liaison
between the tracks. One of the commonly
used railway bridges is the steel truss bridge
such as the BH77 Bridge which is a special
review in this paper. Steel frame railway bridge
is a steel bridge that serves to accommodate
the traffic load of trains that pass on the
surface of the bridge floor (Nuranita,
Figure 1. Map of Lampung and Location Details 2019). Based on the Regulation of the Minister
of the BH77 Tegineneng Bridge of Transportation No. 60 of 2012 concerning
(Source: Google Earth , accessed September 24, Railroad Technical Requirements, in general
2021) the steel bridge type is divided into four groups
like the following:
Table 1. Types of Steel Bridge
Type Girder Frame
Wall Wall girder Wall frame
Possessi Rib Rib
on/Deck Girder/deck truss/desck
(Source: PM No. 60 of 2012 Table 3-10)
December, 2021 2
Civil Engineering Journal Mercu Buana University
The following is a description of the steel bridge basis for determining the placement point of
truss: the SHMS sensor to be used on the BH77
bridge. In this study only configuration data
was available, but there was no truss
dimension data for the bridge structure. In
addition, Aritenang (2021) explained that
currently SHMS has been widely applied on
various types of highway bridges, but not much
further research has performed on the railroad
Figure 3. Details of Steel Frame Bridge bridge. So that research was carried out on the
(Source: Nuranita, 2019) BH77 Tegineneng Lampung Railway Bridge by
applying SHMS in order to see the condition of
Each structure will inevitably experience a the bridge through the sensor signal installed.
decrease in capacity which is directly
proportional to the age of the structure, one of
which is the bridge structure. The decrease in Research Methodology
capacity of the bridge structure is caused by This research will be conducted on the existing
internal and external factors. Factor internal steel bridge, namely the Railway Bridge BH77
referred to is a decrease in the capacity of the in Tegineneng, Tanjungkarang-Martapura
structure caused by decrease in the quality of Crossing, Lampung. This bridge using warren
the material itself. In the steel frame structure, type steel frame configuration, which is based
the quality of the steel material will experience on as built drawing has a vertical height of 8 m,
a decrease in stress caused by a lower span of 61.6 m, an upper span of 53 m,
resistance/fatigue caused by repeated and and a width os 4.8 m with detailed drawings as
continuous loads in a certain period and follows:
time. As a result of this load, the ultimate stress
of the steel material will decrease.
The decrease in the capacity of the structure 1 1 1 1 1
can also be caused by external
factors. External factors can occur as a result 8
of vehicle collisions that result in changes in 4 1 1 1 1 1 4
the shape of the elements, the influence of Figure 4. Side View of the BH77 Bridge
weather that can cause corrosion, as well as
the effect of vibration resulting in loosening of
the bolts in the connection. In Bridge Inspection
Guidelines No. 005-01 P/BM/2011 there are 9
major damage to the truss bridge structure
resulting in a decrease in capacity, that is:
1. Rust;
2. Condition of the protective system;
3. Broken/clogged;
4. Cracks;
5. Vibration; Figure 5. 3D View of the BH77 Bridge
6. Changes in shape and deflection;
7. Bend;
8. Loose bolts and rivets The techniques used in this research are as
9. Excessive wear follows
1. Conduct a literature study on previous
In the BH77 bridge structure, the damage that research related to the BH77 bridge.
affects the reduced capacity cross section, 2. Prepare for the field survey.
namely vibration and changes in dimensions 3. Field survey by measuring the
(shape) originally due to the age of the bridge. dimensions of each truss bridge.
To initiate the implementation of this SHMS,
Purnomo et al (2020) have conducted research The following is a flow chart of this research:
BH77 railway bridge with the aim of knowing
the related permit threshold deflection and
vibration of the bridge by analyzing the strength
of the attached profile to the work force,
especially the live load on the rail. The
simulation results obtained will be used as a
December, 2021 3
Civil Engineering Journal Mercu Buana University
Figure 6. Research Flowchart
Results and Discussion
After conducting field measurements, the following
results were obtained:
Table 2. Bridge Frame Configuration
Measurement
Initial
Bridge Result
No Dimention
Detail Dimensions
(meters)
(meters)
Bottom
1. 61,6 61,8
Length
Upper
2. 53 53,2
Length
Bridge
3. 8 8,1
Height
Bridge
4. 4,8 4,92
Width
Table 3. Results of Measurement of the
Dimensions of Each Rod
Figure 8. Dimension measurement activitie
Concluding Remarks
Based the results of measurements of
the bridge truss that have been carried
out, there are many values of
circumference of the rods that has a
value greater than the stated value
based on as built drawing with a
December, 2021 4
Civil Engineering Journal Mercu Buana University
standard deviation that varies in each [5] Ministry of Public Works. (2011). Bridge
variation of its dimensions. Inspection Guidelines No. 005
The biggest difference in the 01/P/BM/2011. Directorate General of
circumference of the truss is the profile Highways.
of H beam, 113 and 115 rods with [6] Nuranita, Badriana. (2019). Performance
dimensions of 340×300×15×18, the Analysis of Closed Steel Frame Railroad
initial circumference value is 1280 mm Bridge Based on the Draft Technical
and after measurement is 1289.42 mm Requirements of the Railroad for Heavy
with a standard deviation value of 0.91 Trains ( Heavy) Trains )
mm. while for the smallest difference, 1435MM. Bandung Institute of
namely the H beam profile, rod 110 with Technology, Bandung.
dimensions of 340×310×39×21, the [7] Government of the Republic of Indonesia,
initial circumference value is 1300 mm (2007). Law No. 23 of 2007 About railway.
and after measurement is 1300.33 mm [8] Kementerian Perhubungan. (2012).
with a standard deviation value of 0.24 Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor:
mm. PM. 60 Tahun 2012.
This happens because the bridge frame [9] Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum. (2011).
has been painted several times to avoid Pedoman Pemeriksaan Jembatan No.
corrosion of the steel structure. With 005-01/P/BM/2011. Direktorat Jenderal
varying measurement results obtained, it Bina Marga.
is necessary to do structural modeling to [10] Purnomo, DA, Aspar, WAN, Barasa, W.,
include wide variations cross section so Harjono, SM, & Sukamdo, P. (2021). Initial
that the minimum strength of the bridge Implementation of Structural Health
structure can be determined which is Monitoring System of a Railway
affected by changes in the cross- Bridge. Center of Technology for
sectional area. Transportation System and Infrastructure,
Department of Civil Engineering Mercu
Buana Unoveristy. Presented at the 3th
References Global Congress on Construction,
Materials and Structural Engineering
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