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Solvent Extraction Techniques Overview

The document discusses two extraction methods: liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction. Liquid-liquid extraction involves separating a solute between two immiscible liquid phases using a separating funnel. Solid phase extraction uses a stationary phase material like silica bonded to hydrophobic organic groups to separate compounds, functioning similarly to liquid chromatography but on a smaller scale using a cartridge. The sample is forced through the cartridge using pressure or vacuum to separate compounds based on their interactions with the sorbent material.

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8 views7 pages

Solvent Extraction Techniques Overview

The document discusses two extraction methods: liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction. Liquid-liquid extraction involves separating a solute between two immiscible liquid phases using a separating funnel. Solid phase extraction uses a stationary phase material like silica bonded to hydrophobic organic groups to separate compounds, functioning similarly to liquid chromatography but on a smaller scale using a cartridge. The sample is forced through the cartridge using pressure or vacuum to separate compounds based on their interactions with the sorbent material.

Uploaded by

Amna
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Extraction Methods

Solvent Extraction

LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION

Useful for rapid and


[Link] “clean” separations of
organic compounds

 Solvent Extraction involves the distribution of a


solute between two immiscible liquid phases.
Separating Funnel
• Apparatus for “bulk” solvent extraction is
the separating funnel.

• Most often a solute is extracted from


an aqueous solution into an immiscible
organic solvent.

• Mixture is shaken for approx. 1 minute,


phases allowed to separate and bottom
layer (denser solvent) drawn off.

[Link]
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Solid Phase Extraction

• Solid Phase Extraction is used as a form of


semi-purification often prior to the use of a
chromatography method (such as HPLC or GC).

• It is not a chromatography technique, however,


it uses the same stationary phase material but on
a much smaller scale.

• It is not called the stationary phase but instead


is called the “sorbent”.
Solid Phase Extraction

 Hydrophobic organic functional groups


are chemically bonded to a solid surface,
e.g., powdered silica.

same as Liquid Chromatography

 Powdered phase generally placed in a


small cartridge – similar to plastic syringe.

 Sample is placed in cartridge and forced through, either using a plunger


(positive pressure) or vacuum (negative pressure) or by centrifugation.
Types of Sorbent
NON-POLAR PHASE
C8 chains on silica with particle sizes
on the order of 40 mm.

Alkyl OH chains on silica

} POLAR PHASE

Alkyl CN chains on silica

Alkyl SO3- chains on silica

} IONIC PHASE

Alkyl CO2- chains on silica


Steps in SPE Extraction Procedure

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