All Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: [Link] , E-mail: usmanrafiqi11@[Link] GENERAL SCIENCE FOR8™ CLASS (UNIT 6) SHORT QUESTIONS Define the following terms: Acid An acid has sour taste, turns blue litmus red, corrode most metals and react with carbonates to give carbon dioxide gas. Alkali An alkali has a bitter taste, turns red litmus paper blue, has a soapy feel and reacts with ammonium salt to give off ammonia gas. Sal In neutralization reaction, acid and bases reacts to form salt and water Neutral Substances: The substances which are neither acidic nor basic are called nu ral_ub tances. Indicators: Indicators are substances which show whether the substance es ed is basic or acidic Natural Indicators: Indicators, which are plants containing chemicals relative to pH levels, do not provide a numeric value for acidity or baseness. These are litmus a d red cabbage etc. Universal indicators: Universal indicator is a mixture of indicators. It is different from others because it can show a variety of colours depend on the acidity/ k linity of solutions to be tested. pH: pH is the measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. pH is the abbreviation of potential hydrogen. Can you name? (a) an acid used in car batteries Sulphuric Acid (H2SOs) (b) an alkali to unclog drains Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) (e) a salt used for preserving f d. = _ Sodium Benzoate Predict what you will see when a piece of red litmus paper is dipped into each of the following so ution: (a) citric acid = No change (b) potassium nitrate = No change (e) sodium chloride = No change (d) ammonia = Blue (e) calcium hydr xide = Blue (f) lactic acid = No change Sulphuric Aci , Hy r chloric Acid, Nitric Acid. Whatis the ifference between mineral acids and natural acid? * The acids found in food and living material are called natural acids or organic acids. i.e. Citric Acid or Malic Acid. * The acids derived from rocks or minerals are called mineral acids. i.e. Sulphuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid etc. Why all alkalis are bases, but all bases are not alkalis? Bases dissolved in water are called alkalies. Many bases do not dissolve in water. For example Cupric hydroxide. Therefore all alkalis are bases but all bases are not alkalis. Write the names of three alkalies Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide and Calcium Hydroxide. Write the names of two bases that are not alkali. Ammonia and Copper Oxide Visit [Link] for Notes, Old Papers, Home Tutors, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 1 of 3) [Link]All Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: [Link] , E-mail: usmanrafigi11@[Link] GENERAL SCIENCE FOR8™ CLASS (UNIT 6) Whatis neutralization reaction? A neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an acid and a base react to form water and a salt. What are the products of a reaction between an acid and a base? Salts and water are produced when an acid and base reacts. Whats universal indicator? Who is Soren Sorensen? * The universal indicator is a mixture of indicators. * It is different from other indicators because it can show a variety f | urs depending on the acidity and alkalinity of the solutions to be tested «Instead of using a scale of colours to indicate the strength of acids and alkali, we can use a scale of numbers. + The scale of number was suggested in 1909 by Danish bioch mi Soren Sorensen. List three uses of: (a) acids (b) alkalis (c) salts Uses of Acids: 1) HCl is used for cleaning bathroom 2) HCI is used for tanning of leather. 3) H2SOs is used for preparation of fertilizers. Uses of Al 1) Sodium Hydroxide is used in preparation of p per. 2) Potassium Hydroxide is used in alkaline b tteries. 3) Calcium Hydroxide is used in preparation of b e ching powder. Uses of Salts: 1) Calcium sulphate is used as plaster of Paris. 2) Ammonium sulphate is used as fertilizer. 3) Sodium benzoate is used as food preservative, What colour would universal indic tor be in: a weak alkali = Bue a strong acid = Red (a) What is pH paper?(b) What is range of pH scale? PH paper is also called the itmus papers. It is used to test whether a solution is acidic or alkaline. There are red a d blue litmus papers. Litmus is a water soluble dye. The range of pH scale is 1 to 14. Solution with pH 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic while greater than 7 is basic/alkali. The pH scale is a number scale which measures the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution Whats the difference between an indicator and pH scale? pH paper is an indicator that changes according to the substance that it is dipped to, ho ever a universal indicator is a liquid that is dropped into a substance and it makes the substance change according to the pH(acid or base) What is a natural indicator? Name three vegetables and plants from which natural indicators can be obtained. + Plant extract which change their colour in aqueous solutions of acids or alkalis and used to identify acids and alkalis are called natural Indicators. + The commonly used natural indicators are turmeric juice, China rose juice, Red cabbage juice etc. Visit [Link] for Notes, Old Papers, Home Tutors, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 2 of 3) [Link]All Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: [Link] , E-mail: usmanrafigi11@[Link] GENERAL SCIENCE FOR 8™" CLASS (UNIT 6) LONG / EXTENSIVE QUESTIONS Describe the properties of: (a) acids (b) alkalis (e) salts. 20. Explain the uses of (a) acids (b) alkalis (cl salts in daily life. 21 . How will you identify acids, alkalis and neutral substances by using indicators? 22. Indicate the colour changes in the natural indicators by adding acids and salts. 23. How the indicator from red cabbage is extracted? How it shows the presen e of an acid or an alkali? How a pH paper is made using red cabbage extraction? 24. Why sour things e.g., pickle and vinegar is nol kept in meal po . Visit [Link] for Notes, Old Papers, Home Tutors, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 3 of 3) [Link]