CHAPTER
4 Basic Geometrical Ideas
Unit-1: 4.1 Introduction, 4.2 Points, 4.3 A Line Segment, 4.4 A Line,
4.5 Intersecting Lines, 4.6 Parallel Lines, 4.7 Ray, Exercise 4.1
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. A Point determines a location .
2. A line segment has two end points.
3. The shortest route between two points can be measured using line segment .
4. A line extends indefinitely in both directions.
5. A pair of lines which do not meet are parallel lines.
B. State whether the statements are True or False.
1. A point gives an exact location. True
2. A point has length, width and height. False
3. Length of line segment can be measured. True
4. A line segment joining points A and B is denoted by AB. False
5. Two lines having one intersecting point are called intersecting lines. True
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. How many end points does a line have? (d)
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0
2. How many end points does a Ray have? (a)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
3. A _______________ starts at one point and goes endlessly in a direction. (c)
(a) Line (b) line segment (c) Ray (d) Point
4. Opposite edges of a ruler is an example of _______________ (b)
(a) Line (b) parallel lines (c) Intersecting lines (d) Ray
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Sums Based on Exercise 4.1
1. Use the figure to name:
(a) Five points : A, B, C, D, E
(b) A line : DB
(c) Four rays : OB, OC, OD, OE
(d) A line segment : OA
2. Name the line given in all possible ways, choosing only two letters at a time.
P Q R S
PQ, PR, PS, QP, QR, QS, RP, RQ, RS, SP, SQ, SR
3. Use the figure to name:
(a) Line containing C. E D
(b) Line on which H lies.
(c) Lines containing point B. H
C
(d) Two pairs of intersecting lines. AB
F G
(a) DG (b) AC (c) AC and EF (d) (i) AC and EF (ii) AC and DG
4. Draw a rough figure and label suitably in each of the following cases:
(a) Point O lies on PQ. (c) Line m containing x and y but not z.
z
P O Q m
x y
(b) AB and CD intersecting at O. (d) Parallel lines l and m.
C l
B
m
O
A D
5. Consider the following figure of line AB. Say whether following statements are True or False in the context of
the given figure.
C A O B D
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(a) C, A, O, B, D, are points on the line AB. True
(b) C, O, A are points on line segment AB. False
(c) A and B are end points of AB. True
(d) C and O are end points of CB. False
(e) B is one of the end points of OD. False
(f) A is a point on OC. True
(g) Ray OD is same as Ray OC. False
(h) O is starting point of Ray OD. True
(i) OB and OC are not opposite rays. False
Unit-2: 4.8 Curves, 4.9 Polygons, Exercise 4.2
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. If a curve does not cross itself, then it is called a simple curve.
2. The interior of a curve together with its boundary is called its region .
3. A simple closed figure made entirely of line segments is called polygon .
4. In a polygon the meeting point of a pair of sides is called its vertex .
B. State whether the statements are True or False.
1. Curves can be straight. False
2. The curve whose starting and ending points are same is called closed curve. True
3. Polygon can be made using lines or line segments. False
4. A polygon can be made using two line segments. False
5. Two sides of a polygon having no common point are called adjacent sides. False
C. Multiple-choice questions.
1. If a curve does not cross itself, then it is called a _______________ curve. (c)
(a) Open (b) Closed (c) Simple (d) None
2. There are _______________ parts of the closed curve. (c)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
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3. A polygon is a _______________ figure made up entirely of line segments. (c)
(a) closed (b) open (c) simple closed (d) Simple open
4. In the following figure AE and ED are (a)
B C
(a) adjacent sides (b) opposite sides A
D
(c) diagonals (d) None E
Sums Based on Exercise 4.2
1. Classify the following curves as (i) Open or (ii) Closed
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
(a) Open, (b) Closed, (c) Closed, (d) Open, (e) Closed
2. Draw rough diagram to illustrate the following:
(a) Open curve (b) Closed curve
3. Draw any two polygons.
(a) (b)
4. Consider the given figure and answer the questions:
(a) Is it curve? (b) Is it closed?
Yes Yes
5. Illustrate, if possible, each one of the following with a rough diagram.
(a) A closed curve that is a polygon.
(b) An open curve made up entirely of line segments.
(c) A polygon with three sides. (a) (b) (c)
Unit-3: 4.10 Angles, Exercise 4.3
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Angles are made when corners are formed.
2. Two rays are required to form an angle.
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3. The point at which two rays meet to form an angle is vertex .
4. The two rays forming the angle are called the arms of the angle.
B. State whether the statements are True or False.
1. An angle is made up of more than two rays. False
2. A Point A lies in the exterior of the angle ∠PQR. False
Q
R
Sums Based on Exercise 4.3
1. Name the angles in the given figure. A B ∠DAB, ∠ABC, ∠BCD, ∠CDA
D C
2. In the given diagram, name the point(s). C
D
F
(a) In the interior of ∠ABC (a) .E
G E
(b) In the exterior of ∠CBD (b) .E and .G H
B
(c) On ∠CBD (c) .H A
3. Draw rough diagram of two angles such that they have
(a) One point in common (c) Two points in common
(b) Three points in common (d) One ray in common.
(a) (b) Z (c) Q (d) L
C B Y R N
G S
A T
O O O O
A X P M
Unit-4: 4.11 Triangles, Exercise 4.4
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Triangle is the polygon with least number of sides.
2. There are three sides in a triangle.
3. The point where the sides of triangle meet is vertex .
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B. Multiple-choice questions.
1. A triangle is a sided polygon. (c)
(a) one (b) two (c) three (d) four
2. A triangle having vertices x, y and z is denoted as (b)
(a) ∠xyz (b) ∆xyz (c) ∇xyz (d) None
A
.p
3. B C Point P lies in the of the triangle. (b)
(a) exterior (b) interior (c) boundary (d) None
Sums Based on Exercise 4.4
1. Draw a rough sketch of a triangle PQR. Mark a point A in its interior and a point B in its exterior. Is point Q
in its interior or exterior?
P .B
.A
Q R
Point Q is the vertex of ∆PQR, so it lies on the triangle.
A
2. (a) Identify three triangles in the figure.
(b) Write the names of seven angles.
(c) Write the name of six line segments.
(d) Which two triangles have ∠B in common? B C D
(a) ∆ABC, ∆ABD, ∆ACD (b) ∠BAD, ∠BAC, ∠CAD, ∠ABC, ∠ACB, ∠ACD, ∠ADC
(c) AB, BC, CD, BD, AC, AD (d) ∆ABC and ∆ABD
Unit-5: 4.12 Quadrilaterals, Exercise 4.5
A. State whether the statements are True or False.
1. A polygon having four or more sides is a Quadrilateral. False
2. A polygon having 4 sides will have 4 angles. True
3. In a Quadrilateral there are four pairs of adjacent angles. True
4. In a Quadrilateral there are four pairs of opposite angles. False
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B. Multiple-choice questions.
1. A four-sided polygon is a _______________. (b)
(a) Triangle (b) Quadrilateral (c) Pentagon (d) None
2. In a Quadrilateral PQRS, the pair of opposite angles is (c)
(a) ∠P & ∠Q (b) ∠R & ∠S (c) ∠P & ∠R (d) ∠S & ∠P
3. In a Quadrilateral ABCD, the pair of adjacent sides is (d)
(a) AB & BC (b) BC & CD (c) AD & AB (d) All
4. There are _______________ pairs of opposite sides in a Quadrilateral. (b)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Sums Based on Exercise 4.5
1. Draw a Quadrilateral LMNO. Draw its diagonals. Name them. Is the meeting point of diagonals in the interior
or exterior of the quadrilateral?
L M
Here, LN and OM are the diagonals of quadrilateral
LMNO. As shown in the above figure the meeting point
O N of diagonal is in the interior of the quadrilateral.
2. Draw a rough sketch of quadrilateral EFGH.
State, (a) two pairs of opposite angles (c) two pairs of adjacent angles
(b) two pairs of opposite sides (d) two pairs of adjacent sides
F
(i) ∠E and ∠G, ∠F and ∠H
(ii) EF and GH, GF and EH
H
(iiii) ∠E and ∠F, ∠G and ∠H
(iv) EF and EH, GF and GH
G
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Unit-6: 4.13 Circles, Exercise 4.6
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. The diameter of a circle is two times the radius of circle.
2. The plural of radius is radii .
3. All points on the circle are at equal distance from centre .
4. A region in the interior of a circle by an arc on one side and radius on other two sides is called
a sector .
5. Diameter of a circle divides circle in two equal parts.
B. Multiple-choice questions.
1. Diameter of circle = _______________ × Radius (b)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 3
2
2. The distance around a circle is its _______________. (c)
(a) radius (b) diameter (c) circumference (d) none
3. A line segment connecting any two points on circle is called _______________. (c)
(a) radius (b) diameter (c) chord (d) none
4. A region in the interior of a circle enclosed by a chord and an arc is called _______________. (a)
(a) segment (b) sector (c) circumference (d) semi-circle
5. A _______________ is half of a circle. (d)
(a) arc (b) sector (c) segment (d) semi-circle
C. State whether the statements are True or False.
1. Diameter of a circle is half the radius. False
2. All the chords formed on a circle have same length. False
3. A circle is a simple closed curve. True
4. End points of radius lie on the circle. False
5. Diameter is the longest chord of the circle. True
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Sums Based on Exercise 4.6
1. From the figure, identify: E
F
(a) the centre of circle (e) three radii A
(b) a diameter (f) a chord
D O
(c) a point in the exterior (g) a point in the interior
G
(d) a sector (h) a segment C B
(a) 0 (b) AC (c) .F (d) OAB
(e) OC, OA, OB (f) ED (g) .G (h) ED
2. Can we say that
(a) Every diameter is a chord of the circle. Yes
(b) Every chord is a diameter of the circle. No
3. Draw any circle and mark
(a) its centre (b) a radius (c) a diameter (d) a sector
(e) a segment (f) a point in its interior (g) a point in its exterior (h) an arc
P Q u
(a) Centre : O (b) radius : OT
(c) diameter : TQ (d) sector : OQP
R
(e) segment : SR (f) a point in interior : V V O
(g) a point in exterior : u (h) arc : SR
T S
Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Multiple-choice questions.
1. The number of diagonals of a triangle is (a)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
2. Number of line segments in the figure. P (b)
Q R S T
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 20
3. In figure, ∠ABC cannot be written as A (b)
(a) ∠B (c) ∠CAB
B
(b) ∠CBA (d) ∠ABD D C
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4. The number of triangles in figure is (b)
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d) 7
B. State whether the statements are True or False.
1. Two non-parallel sides will always intersect. False
2. A horizontal line and a vertical line always intersect at right angles. True
3. If the arms of an angle on the paper are increased, the angle increases. False
4. If the arms of an angle on the paper are decreased, the angle decreases. False
5. Two parallel lines meet each other at some point. False
6. Two line segments may intersect at two points. False
7. Many lines can pass through two given points. False
8. Two non-parallel lines will always intersect. True
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. Points lying in the interior of the DABC are D, E , that in the exterior are H, I and that on the
triangle itself are G, F .
A
H F I
D
E
B C
G
AC D
2. The common part between the two angles ∠BAC and ∠CAD is .
C
D. Solve the following.
A B
1. Is ABCD a polygon? If yes what is the special name for it?
D
A
C
Yes, it is a polygon because it is a simple closed figure made up of line segments. It is a quadrilateral.
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2. Name the line segments shown in figure.
A B
E C
D
AB, BC, CD, DE, EA
3. Name the vertices and the line segments of the following figure.
S
T R
P Q
Vertices: P, Q, R, S, T
line segments: PQ, PR, PS, PT, QR, RS, ST
4. How many line segments are there in the figure given below?
P Q R
There are three line segments. They are PQ, QR, PR.
5. (a) Name all the chords of the circle. C
A
P
(b) Name all radii of the circle.
(c) Name a chord which is not the diameter.
O
(a) AB, CP
(b) OA, OB, OC, OP B
(c) CP
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