Learning Outcomes and Performance Indicators:

1. Describe biodiversity and its components.

2. Discuss how biodiversity affects the health of the society.
3. Cite factors and activities that destroy biodiversity.
4. Design a program that can help restore and sustain biodiverse resources of the country.
5. Develop values of loving, caring, and helping protect the Philippine biodiversity.

Content Outline
1. Biodiversity 4. Conservation of Biodiversity
2. Biodiversity and human health 5. Biodiversity Laws
3. Philippine Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the richness and variety of life forms on Earth. It

includes all the species of living organisms, whether bacteria, plants,
animals, and humans, that can be found in one distinct area. To date, it
has been recorded that there are approximately 8.7 million species of
plants and animals on earth. Surprisingly, only about 12 million species
have been identified and classified properly. Insects have the greatest
number of organisms that have been identified. Because of this millions of
species or organisms are waiting to be explored and named accordingly
(National Geographic Society, 2020).
It is important in how society benefits from it. Society benefits
greatly from the richness of biodiversity since humans can source from
nature biological resources such as food, medicine, energy and more. It can also regulate climate,
flood, pollution, water and air quality, water storage and decomposition of wastes among others.
However, these numerous benefits of biodiversity are vulnerable to exploitation. Humans
need to be responsible in optimizing the benefits of biodiversity through the proper utilization of
science and technology.

There are four main types of biodiversity: genetic diversity, species diversity, ecosystem
diversity, and functional diversity. Each of these types of biodiversity plays a crucial role in
maintaining the balance and stability of our
planet's ecosystems, and they are all
interconnected and interdependent. In this
module, we will explore each type of biodiversity in
more detail, examining their importance and the
threats they face in our rapidly changing world.
 Genetic Biodiversity
Refers to the variations among organisms of the same species.
These variations are usually passed down from parents to offspring.

Species Diversity
Refers to the variety of species within a particular region. It
is influenced by the environmental conditions in the region.
Species are the normal measure of biodiversity for these are
the basic units of biological classification. Species are
grouped together in families based on shared
characteristics.
Measurements of Species Diversity
 Species Richness. Refers to the number of different species present in a particular
ecosystem or geographical area. It is a simple count of the number of species, regardless
of their abundance or distribution. High species richness is generally seen as a desirable
characteristic of an ecosystem, as it indicates a diverse range of ecological niches and
greater resilience to disturbances such as climate change or habitat destruction.
 Species Abundance. Measures the relative abundance or frequency of each species
within an ecosystem. It takes into account both the number of individuals of each species
and their distribution, and can provide a more nuanced understanding of the structure
and dynamics of an ecosystem. For example, an ecosystem may have high species
richness but low abundance of certain key species, which can have a significant impact
on ecosystem functioning.
 Species Evenness. Species evenness, also known as equitability, is a measure of the
relative abundance of each species within a community or ecosystem. It quantifies how
evenly distributed the individuals are among the different species in a given area. In a
community with high species evenness, each species has a similar number of individuals,
while in a community with low evenness, a few dominant species have a much larger
number of individuals than other species. This metric is essential for understanding the
diversity of a community beyond just species richness and provides information on how
resources are being used and shared among species. High evenness can indicate a
stable and healthy ecosystem, while low evenness can suggest an ecosystem in a state of
disturbance or degradation.

Ecological Diversity
Refers to the network of different species in an ecosystem and
the interaction of these species. The variations of climatic and
altitudinal conditions along with varied ecological habitats are
the reasons for the richness in biodiversity of a particular region
on earth.

Functional Diversity
Refers to the variety of functional traits and roles
performed by different species within an ecosystem.
Functional traits are physical, physiological, and behavioral
characteristics of species that affect their interactions with
other species and their environment. Examples of functional
traits include plant height, leaf shape, feeding behavior, and
reproductive strategy.
Biotic components – includes all living organisms
 Producers - These include all the autotrophs.
They use light energy and synthesize food on
their own, e.g. plants, green algae, etc.
 Consumers - These include all the
heterotrophs that directly or indirectly
depend on producers for their food.
Consumers are further categorized as
herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and
parasites.
 Decomposers - These include saprophytes
which act on dead matter and decay them
for their nutrition.

Abiotic components – includes all non-living organisms

When they begin interacting with one another, biotic and abiotic elements of an ecosystem
become relevant. For instance, biotic components like plants serve as food for other living things.
The soil is an abiotic component that supports plant growth by supplying nutrients and other neces-
sary ingredients. Abiotic factors like soil, nutrients, etc. are formed with the aid of biotic components,
which depend on abiotic components for their life.

 EVOLUTION. A mechanism allowing organisms to develop traits favorable for their survival
and growth and also making them distinct from other species in the environment.
Because of these unique features, the species can be easily recognized from others. In
general, species that can produce with their fellow species belong to one species while
those that cannot reproduce among themselves often belong to different species of
groups.
 HOTSPOTS. Areas with high levels of biodiversity. Endemic species or species that are
located in one particular region are usually found in hotspots.
 ENDEMISM. Refers to the occurrence of endemic
species in a particular geographic region, often
indicating the uniqueness and ecological
significance of that region.
 ENDEMIC. Refers to a species that is found
exclusively in a particular geographic region and is
not naturally found anywhere else in the world.
 RARE SPECIES. Refers to species that have low
population sizes or are restricted to specific habitats,
making them vulnerable to extinction.
 EXTINCT. Refers to a species that no longer exists
on Earth.
 ENDANGERED. Refers to a species that is at risk of
becoming extinct due to factors such as habitat
destruction, climate change, and human activities.
 Biodiversity loss refers to the decline in the variety
and abundance of different species, as well as the
degradation and fragmentation of ecosystems. Biodiversity
loss is a serious global problem, and is caused by a range
of human activities, including habitat destruction, pollution,
climate change, overexploitation of resources, and
introduction of invasive species.
There are major threats to biodiversity that were
identified by the United Nations' Environment Program
(WHO, n.d.). These are the following:
Alterations in ecosystem composition. Alterations and sudden changes, either within species
groups or within the environment, could begin to change entire ecosystems. Alterations in
ecosystems are a critical factor contributing to species and habitat loss.
Habitat loss and destruction. Major contributing factor is the inhabitation of human beings and
the use of land for economic gains.
Overexploitation. Over-hunting, overfishing, or over-collecting of species can quickly lead to its
decline. Changing consumption patterns of humans is often cited as the key reason for this
unsustainable exploitation of natural resources.
Introduction of Alien Species. Plants, animals, and microorganisms transported deliberately or un-
intentionally from an outside geographical region can cause great damage to native spe-
cies by competing with them for food and shelter, spreading diseases unknown to them,
causing genetic changes through the process of interbreeding with native species, and dis-
rupting various aspects of their food chains and the physical environment.
Pollution and contamination. Biological systems respond slowly to changes in their surrounding
environment. Pollution and contamination, cause irreversible damage to species and varie-
ties.
Global climate change. Both climate variability and climate change cause biodiversity loss. Spe-
cies and populations may be lost permanently if they are not provided with enough time to
adapt to charging climatic conditions.
Co-extinction. When a particular species becomes extinct, the plants and animals associated
with it in an obligatory way also come the danger of becoming extinct.
Natural Causes. Floods, earthquakes, and other natural disasters also cause biodiversity loss.

THREATS
TO
BIODIVERSITY
 Health is our most essential human right. Most people
consider health as treasure and wealth. Health means overall
wellness that secures our physical, emotional, intellectual,
spiritual, and social aspects. Therefore, health is a reliable
indicator for the country's sustainable development. The
health of people affects economic flow and growth
(Cohabinitiative 2010).

Human health rests on biodiversity. The diverse

collection of goods and services provide unending benefits to
human health. On the contrary, the unprecedented loss of
biodiversity globally impose threat to human health and
well-being. Hence, the call to maintaining a healthy and
sustainable biodiversity should not be disregarded. Life is
impossible without a healthy and sustainable global
environment (Cohabinitiative 2010).

Here are the points on how does biodiversity affect our health (Cohabinitiative 2010).

Biodiversity helps secure food, health, and livelihood for people.

Diverse collection of food systems maintains crop supply and also promote resistance of
crops and livestock to pests and other stressors. Diets containing various types of food
promote good health and provide the necessary nutrients and vitamins for humans,
Biodiversity serves as a rich source of materials for medical research.
Research endeavors on wildlife diversity, anatomy and physiology, ecology, and
biochemistry can contribute to great developments in human medicine. Some organisms of
interest in research include horseshoe crabs, bears, sharks, and cetaceans.
Biodiversity provides abundant resources for traditional and modern medicine.
Nowadays, there are still a lot of people who rely on traditional medicine, for maintaining
their health. Modern drugs are also derived from natural products including pain killers, drugs
against cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Meanwhile, millions of species are still
waiting to be discovered for their potential application in medicine.
Biodiversity helps in the control and prevention of infectious diseases.
Destruction of biodiversity contributes to the emergence and transmission of infectious
diseases not only in humans but also in animals and plants. Disease outbreaks due to SARS,
avian influenza, malaria, Ebola, Marburg, and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome have been
accounted to human induced abuse of biodiversity.
Biodiversity serves important roles for the communities' cultural, spiritual, and social growth.
Biodiversity loss causes negative implications for physical, mental, and social well-being of
humans. There has been an increasing rate of pathologic conditions including diabetes,
hypertension, and cardiopulmonary diseases because of such loss. Access to greenspace
are linked to better health outcomes and faster recovery rate for the sick.
 Biodiversity conservation is very important for climate change adaptation.
Biodiversity loss exposes the communities at greater risk of experiencing adverse effects of
climate change particularly floods and droughts among others.
Stable and sustainable ecosystems support relief and recovery efforts.
Healthy ecosystems serve as natural buffers against devastating natural phenomenon
including typhoons, floods, landslides, and droughts among others. These can also provide
essential resources for rebuilding livelihood during post-crisis events.

The Philippines is one of the world's most biologically diverse countries, with a rich array of
plant and animal species that are found nowhere else in the world. The country is home to over
52,000 described species of plants and animals, and scientists estimate that there may be many
more undiscovered species in the country's forests, seas, and other ecosystems.

One of the main factors contributing to the high level of biodiversity in the Philippines is the
country's unique geography and geology. The archipelago consists of more than 7,000 islands,
which have been isolated from each other and from the Asian mainland for millions of years. This
has allowed for the evolution of numerous endemic species that are found nowhere else in the
world, including over 200 species of birds, hundreds of species of plants, and many mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians.
However, Philippine biodiversity is also under threat from a range of human activities,
including deforestation, overfishing, pollution, and climate change. Many of the country's forests,
wetlands, and coral reefs have been degraded or destroyed, leading to declines in populations of
many plant and animal species. In addition, many of the country's endemic species are highly
vulnerable to extinction due to their small population sizes and limited geographic ranges.
Efforts to protect and conserve Philippine biodiversity include the establishment of protected
areas, such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, as well as the development of sustainable
management practices for forests, fisheries, and other natural resources. There are also ongoing
efforts to raise awareness about the importance of biodiversity and to promote sustainable
development practices that prioritize the protection and conservation of the country's unique and
valuable natural heritage.
WHY IS PHILIPPINES A MEGADIVERSE COUNTRY?
The Philippines is one of the 17 mega biodiverse countries, containing two-thirds of the Earth's
biodiversity and 70 percent of world's plants and animal species due to its:

 geographical isolation (the patchwork of isolated islands)

 the tropical location of the country
 diverse habitats
 once extensive areas of rainforest
 and high rates of endemism
ENRICHMENT VIDEO AND ACTIVITY

Watch the video on Philippine Biodiversity to be played by your instructor. Make sure to take
notes of the information about the biodiversity in the country. Questions will be asked by your
instructor at the end of the video. Provide insights about the video and discuss the issues that the
country faces in terms of biodiversity loss and conservation measures.

To watch the video, kindly copy the link and paste it on your browser or
scan the QR code:

[Link]
 Seeing the threats to Biodiversity, there is a need to conserve Biodiversity. The Conservation of
Biodiversity means preserving, protecting, and managing the ecosystem and natural habitats. There
are two types of biodiversity conservation.

IN-SITU CONSERVATION
The Conservation of Biodiversity in the natural environment is called in-situ conservation. E.g.,
Sanctuaries, National parks, Reserved forests, Biosphere Reserves, etc.
The principal aims of in-situ conservation include:
 Promotion of protection, restoration, and sustainable management of the
protected area.
 Development of strategies for conservation of biodiversity within the area.
 Creation of natural corridors linking areas of biological interest to prevent further
habitat fragmentation.
 Introduction of legislation to protect the species.
 Information dissemination, education, and awareness generation.
 Promoting sustainable tourism in sensitive areas.

EX-SITU CONSERVATION
Conservation of the Biodiversity outside the naturally occurring area is known as ex-situ con-
servation: E.g., DNA banks, cryopreservation, Zoological parks, Wildlife Safari parks, botanical gar-
dens, Seed banks, Sperm banks, and Collection of living organisms for research and development
purposes.

Biodiversity laws play a crucial role in protecting the world's natural heritage and promoting
sustainable development. These laws provide a framework for the conservation and sustainable
management of ecosystems, species, and genetic resources. They also promote economic benefits
through the development of eco-tourism and sustainable use of natural resources, while supporting
human well-being through the provision of ecosystem services. Biodiversity laws also facilitate
international cooperation and collaboration, and reflect ethical and cultural values related to the
importance of nature and its diversity. By effectively implementing and enforcing biodiversity laws,
countries can help ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, which is
essential for the well-being of both people and the planet.

There are several international laws and agreements related to biodiversity that have been
developed and adopted by countries around the world. Some of the key agreements include:
1. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): This is a global treaty that was adopted at the United
Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992. The CBD aims to promote the
conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, as well as the fair and equitable sharing of the
benefits arising from the use of genetic resources.
2. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): This
treaty regulates the international trade in endangered species of animals and plants, with the aim
of ensuring their survival in the wild.
3. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: This treaty aims to conserve wetlands and their biodiversity, as
well as to promote their wise use and sustainable management.
4. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): While primarily focused on
climate change, this treaty recognizes the important role of biodiversity in contributing to climate
change mitigation and adaptation.
5. World Heritage Convention: This treaty is focused on the protection of cultural and natural herit-
age sites around the world, including those with high biodiversity value.
These international laws and agreements provide a framework for countries to work together
to protect and conserve biodiversity. They also promote cooperation and collaboration between
countries, as well as the sharing of knowledge and resources to support conservation efforts. Howev-
er, their effectiveness depends on the commitment and implementation of these agreements by
individual countries.

1. Republic Act No. 7586 – “National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992”: This law pro-
vides for the establishment of a comprehensive system of protected areas to preserve the coun-
try's biodiversity and natural resources.
2. Republic Act No. 8550 - "The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998”: This law regulates the fishing in-
dustry in the country and aims to promote sustainable fishing practices and the conservation of
marine resources.
3. Republic Act No. 9147 - “Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act”: This law provides
for the protection and conservation of wildlife in the country and regulates activities related to
the capture, trade, and transportation of wildlife.
4. Republic Act No. 7942 – “Philippine Mining Code”: This law regulates the exploration, develop-
ment, and utilization of mineral resources in the country and aims to promote responsible mining
practices and the sustainable development of the mining industry.
5. Republic Act No. 8485 – “Promote Animal Welfare in the Philippines”: This law aims to promote
the welfare of animals in the country and prohibits animal cruelty and abuse.
6. Presidential Decree 1433 – “Plant Quarantine Decree of 1978”: This law regulates the importation
and exportation of plants and plant products in the country to prevent the introduction and
spread of plant pests and diseases.
7. Presidential Decree 1586 – “Environmental Impact Statement System Law”: This law requires pro-
ponents of projects with potential environmental impacts to submit an environmental impact
statement and undergo an environmental impact assessment process before their projects can
be approved.
In conclusion, biodiversity is essential to the well-being of both people and the planet.
It provides numerous benefits, including ecosystem services, economic benefits, and cultural and
ethical values. However, biodiversity loss is a growing problem worldwide, driven by various human
activities and environmental challenges. To address this issue, countries have implemented
biodiversity laws and policies aimed at conserving and sustainably managing ecosystems, species,
and genetic resources. These laws play a crucial role in protecting the world's natural heritage,
promoting sustainable development, and supporting human well-being. By effectively
implementing and enforcing these laws, countries can help ensure the long-term conservation and
sustainable use of biodiversity, which is critical for the health of our planet and future generations.
SONG WRITING (50 POINTS)
 Compose a song that focuses on biodiversity and environmental conservation.
 Make use of any dialect/language
 The song is limited to 3-5 minutes only.
 You may adapt any melody from any songs or you may use an original music.

Exemplary Satisfactory Fair Poor

10 pts 8 pts 6 pts 4 pts
Lyrics The song lyrics are The song lyrics are The song lyrics are The song lyrics are
outstanding. The good. The words somewhat coherent. not coherent. The
words memorable. memorable. The song The song lyrics are words not memo-
The song lyrics are lyrics are enthusiasti- well received by the rable.
enthusiastically re- cally received by the audience.
ceived by the audi- audience.
ence.
Creativity The student com- The student com- The song composed The song com-
posed an original posed an original is not very original, posed is not very
song with a clear song but there are but there are some original. The mes-
theme. some elements that elements that are sage is not con-
are not excellent. not excellent. veyed.
Tempo and The melody and Tempo and rhythm Tempo and rhythm The song is chop-
Melody rhythm were per- are consistent. The are sometimes un- py with an unnatu-
fectly performed. melody is mostly clear or slow down ral mix of tempo.
Students could clap smooth and clear.. and speed up. The The melody of the
along to a steady melody is apparent is song is unclear.
beat. some places but un-
clear in others.
Organization The writer clearly The writer lacked one The writer lacked two The song was un-
organized infor- of the following: clear- of the following: organized and
mation, used mostly ly organized infor- clearly organized difficult to follow.
correct grammar mation, correct gram- information, correct
and spelling and mar and spelling us- grammar and
used legible hand- age, and/or legible spelling usage, and/
writing. handwriting. or legible handwrit-
ing.
Relevance to The themes are The theme from the The theme from the The theme from
the Theme clearly explained composition is ex- composition is not the composition is
and relevant plained but specific clearly explained totally not ex-
details as evidence and specific evi- plained and spe-
that support this dence that supports cific evidence that
theme are not provid- this claim is not pro- supports this claim
ed. vided. is not provided.

Answer the question briefly and comprehensively: (25 points)

1. How did the COVID-19 pandemic affected biodiversity?

 Include five (5) pictures to prove your claims with captions.

 Cite your citation in APA format.

REFERENCES
Alata, E. P., Calano, M. T., & Pawilen, G. T. (2021). Science, Technology, and Society. Manila, Philip-
pines: Rex Bookstore.
Byju. (n.d.). Biodiversity Definition. Retrieved from Byju's: [Link]
Jain, S. A. (2022, August 17). Biodiversity - Types, Importance, Hotspots, Conservation. Retrieved from
Byju's Exam Prep: [Link]
Pimm, S. L. (2022, September 19). Biodiversity. Retrieved from Britannica: https://
[Link]/science/biodiversity
Schleiger, M. H. (2022, September 6). Threats to Biodiversity. Retrieved from LibreTexts: https://
[Link]/Bookshelves/Ecology/Environmental_Science_(Ha_and_Schleiger)/03%
3A_Conservation/3.02%3A_Threats_to_Biodiversity
Serafica, J., Pawilen, G., Caslib, B., & Alata, E. (2018). Science, Technology, and Society. Quezon
City: Rex Book Stor Inc.
Thijssen, A. (n.d.). What is biodiversity? Retrieved from World Wildlife Fund: https://
[Link]/pages/what-is-biodiversity#:~:text=Biodiversity%20is%20all%20the%
20different,maintain%20balance%20and%20support%20life.
 Climate Change
and
Environmental
Awareness
[Link]
 Learning Outcomes and Performance Indicators

1. Define what is climate change

2. Determine different causes of climate
change
3. Explain the interplay between climate
change and the society
4. Discuss ways to mitigate the effects of
[Link]

climate change in the environment

 Content Outline
● Climate change
● Natural and Anthropogenic Causes of
Climate Change
● Climate Change and the Human Society
● Environmental Awareness and
Conservation
● Measures to Mitigate negative impacts of
Climate Change
[Link]

● Climate Change and Environmental

Protection Laws
Climate Change
[Link]
 Climate change
✓ long-term shifts in temperatures and
weather patterns
[Link]
 Climate change
✓ long-term shifts in temperatures and
weather patterns
[Link]
 Natural Causes of
Climate Change
[Link]
 Volcanic Eruptions

✓release CO₂, SO₂, and aerosols like

volcanic ash or dust
✓ could also contain bacteria, viruses,
[Link]

salt crystals, dust, and soot

 Orbital Changes

Milankovitch theory
✓ fluctuations in the
amount of solar
energy that reach
Earth as it orbits the
Sun are caused by
cyclical variations in
three aspects of the
Earth-Sun geometry
[Link]
 Obliquity

✓ tilt of the Earth's

axis relative to
its orbital plane
around the Sun
[Link]
 Eccentricity

✓ shape of the
Earth's orbit
around the Sun

✓ measure of how
elongated the
orbit is
[Link]
 Precession

✓ slow, wobbling
motion of the
Earth's axis
caused by
gravitational
interactions
with other
celestial bodies,
mainly the Sun
and the Moon
[Link]
 Plate Tectonic Movements

✓ Landmasses are
transported to new
locations and latitudes
as tectonic plates move
over geological
timescales
[Link]
 Variation of Solar Radiation
✓ As a result of the
sunspots' suppression of
heat, heat moves to the
regions around them,
making them brighter
than usual and radiating
more heat.
✓ Less sunspots: cooler
global temperature;
more sunspots: warmer
[Link]

one
 Anthropogenic Causes
of Climate Change
[Link]
 Greenhouse Gas Emission
Greenhouse Effect
✓ way in which heat is
trapped close to Earth's
surface by “greenhouse
gases”

Greenhouse Gases
✓ present in the atmosphere
which includes CO₂, CH₂,
NO₂, chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC), and water vapor
[Link]

(H₂O)
 Sources of Greenhouse Gases
[Link]
 Deforestation

✓ stored carbon in plants

and forests has the
potential to be released
back into the atmosphere
as carbon dioxide and
contribute to climate
change when they are
damaged or entirely
destroyed
[Link]
 Evaporation

✓ Less evaporation of water in urban areas

[Link]

✓ Warmer air can hold more water vapor which

can lead to stronger, more intense storms.
 Ozone Depletion
✓ Too many UV
rays results to
sunburn,
immune system
suppression,
skin cancer,
cataracts, and
physiological
changes brought
on by DNA
[Link]

alterations
 Impacts of
Climate
Change
[Link]
 Intensified storms, floods and droughts

Extreme weather
[Link]

conditions
 Rising sea level

Accelerated melting
of ice sheets and
[Link]

glaciers
 Changes in the growing season of
plants
[Link]
 Disruption of normal ecosystem
[Link]
 Heat- related illness
[Link]
 Respiratory diseases
[Link]
 Current
Environmental
Issues
[Link]
Pollution
[Link]
 Increased carbon
footprint
[Link]
 Genetic modification
[Link]
Overpopulation
[Link]
[Link]

Loss of biodiversity
 Hazardous wastes
[Link]
Acid rain
[Link]
 ✓ Consciousness and understanding
of the importance of the
environment and the need to
protect and preserve it
[Link]

Environmental Awareness
 Devise strategies to
minimize the adverse
effects of climate
change. Afterwards,
formulate an acronym
representing these
measures using the
[Link]

word MITIGATE.
 Dear
Matafele
Peinam
[Link]
 1 Whole Sheet of Paper
1. Where is the residence of Matafele Peinam and her family located?
(2 pts)
2. Why is her family concerned about climate change? (5 pts)
3. What specific effects of climate change are mentioned in the
poem? (5 pts)
4. How does the poem emphasize the vulnerability and potential
displacement of the people of the Marshall Islands due to rising
sea levels? (8 pts)
5. How does the poet connect personal experiences and emotions
with larger global concerns about climate change? (10 pts)
6. How does the poem address the responsibility of world leaders
and nations to take action on climate change? (10 pts)
7. How does the poem challenge and engage the reader or audience
[Link]

to reflect on their own role in addressing climate change? (10 pts)

50 Points
[Link]
Thank
you!
[Link]
 BIODIVERSITY
AND THE HEALTHY
SOCIETY
[Link]

Module 6
 Learning Outcomes
✓ Describe biodiversity and its
components.
✓ Discuss how biodiversity affects the
health of the society.
✓ Cite factors and activities that destroy
biodiversity.
✓ Design a program that can help
restore and sustain biodiverse
resources of the country.
✓ Develop values of loving, caring, and
helping protect the Philippine
biodiversity.
[Link]
 TOPIC OUTLINE 1. Biodiversity

2. Biodiversity and Human

Health

3. Philippine Biodiversity

4. Conservation of Biodiversity
[Link]

5. Biodiversity Laws
BIODIVERSITY
[Link]
 Biodiversity
✓ richness and variety
of life forms on
Earth

8.7 million
[Link]

1.2 million
 Types of
biodiversity
[Link]
 SPECIES DIVERSITY
✓ variety of species within a particular region
✓ influenced by the environmental conditions in the region
[Link]
 SPECIES DIVERSITY
✓ variety of species within
a particular region
✓ influenced by the
environmental
conditions in the region

Species are the normal measure of biodiversity for

[Link]

these are the basic units of biological classification.

 Measurements of Species Diversity
Species Richness
✓ number of
different
species
present in a
particular
ecosystem or
geographical
area
[Link]
 Species Abundance
✓ number of individuals per species
[Link]
 Species Evenness (Equitability)
✓ measure of the relative abundance of each species within a
community or ecosystem

✓ quantifies how evenly distributed the individuals are among the

different species in a given area

disturbance
stable or
and degradation
healthy
[Link]
 Genetic DIVERSITY
✓ Inherited variations among
organisms of the same species
[Link]
 Ecological DIVERSITY
✓ network of different species
in an ecosystem and the
interaction of these species
[Link]
 Functional DIVERSITY
✓ variety of functional traits
and roles performed by
different species within an
ecosystem
✓ Functional traits: physical,
physiological, and behavioral
characteristics of species
that affect their interactions
with other species and their
environment
[Link]
 Components
of a
Biodiverse
Ecosystem
[Link]
 Biotic Components
Producers Consumers Decomposers
✓ autotrophs ✓ heterotrophs ✓ saprophytes
[Link]
 Abiotic Components
[Link]
 Key Terms in
Biodiversity
[Link]
 Evolution
Development of traits
favorable for survival and
growth
[Link]
 Hotspots
✓ Areas with high levels
of biodiversity

✓ Endemic species
[Link]
 Endemism
Occurrence of endemic
species in a particular
geographic region, often
indicating the uniqueness
and ecological significance
of that region
[Link]
 Endemic
Species that is found
exclusively in a particular
geographic region and is
not naturally found
anywhere else in the
world
[Link]
 Endemic
Species that is found
exclusively in a particular
geographic region and is
not naturally found
anywhere else in the
world
[Link]

Cycas
zambalensis
 Rare Species
Species that have low
population sizes or are
restricted to specific
Kakapo
habitats, making them
vulnerable to extinction
Phil.
Amur
crocodile
leopard
Gobi bear
[Link]
 Extinct
Species that no longer
exists on Earth
[Link]
 Extinct
Species that no longer
exists on Earth
Sirenia sea cow
[Link]

Ivory- billed West African

woodpecker Black Rino
 Endangered
Species that is at risk of
becoming extinct
Whooping crane
[Link]

Blue whale
 Threats to
Biodiversity and
Biodiversity
Loss
[Link]
 Biodiversity Loss
✓ decline in the variety and
abundance of different
species, as well as the
degradation and
fragmentation of
ecosystems
[Link]
 1. Alterations
in Ecosystem
Composition
[Link]
 2. Habitat Loss and
Destruction
[Link]
 3. Overexploitation
[Link]
 4. Introduction of
Alien Species
[Link]
 5. Pollution and Contamination
[Link]
 6. Global Climate Change
[Link]
 7. Co- extinction
[Link]
[Link]

8. Natural Causes
 BIODIVERSITY
AND THE HUMAN
HEALTH
[Link]
 Most essential
Overall wellness
human right

Health
Indicator of
Rests on
sustainable
biodiversity
development
[Link]
 how does biodiversity
affect our health
✓ Biodiversity
helps
secure food,
health, and
livelihood
for people.
[Link]
 ✓ Biodiversity
serves as a rich
source of
materials for
medical research.
[Link]
 ✓ Biodiversity provides abundant resources
[Link]

for traditional and modern medicine.

 ✓ Biodiversity
helps in the
control and
prevention of
infectious
diseases.
[Link]
 ✓ Biodiversity
serves
important
roles for the
communities'
cultural,
spiritual, and
[Link]

social growth.
 ✓ Biodiversity conservation is very
important for climate change
adaptation.
[Link]
 ✓ Stable and
sustainable
ecosystems
support relief
and recovery
efforts.
[Link]
 Philippine
Biodiversity
[Link]
 ✓ over 52,000
described species
of plants and
animals
✓ 7,641 islands
[Link]
 Why is Philippines a Megadiverse
Country?

✓ geographical isolation
(the patchwork of
isolated islands)
[Link]
 ✓ the tropical location of the country
[Link]
 ✓ diverse
habitats
[Link]
 ✓ once extensive areas of rainforest
[Link]
 ✓ high rates of endemism
[Link]
[Link]
 Conservation
of the
Biodiversity
[Link]
 ☺ In- situ ☺ Ex- situ
✓ Conservation ✓ outside the
of naturally
Biodiversity occurring area
in the natural
environment
[Link]
[Link]
 BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY
Song Writing (50 points)
• Compose a song that focuses on biodiversity
and environmental conservation.
• Make use of any dialect/language
• The song is limited to 3-5 minutes only.
• You may adapt any melody from any song, or
you may use an original music.
[Link]

• DUE: July 12
Learning Outcomes and Performance Indicators:
1. Define what is climate change.
2. Determine different causes of climate change.
3. Explain the interplay between climate change and the society.
4. Discuss ways to mitigate the effects of climate change in the environment.
Content Outline
1. Climate change
2. Natural and Anthropogenic Causes of Climate Change
3. Climate Change and the Human Society
4. Environmental Awareness and Conservation
5. Measures to Mitigate negative impacts of Climate Change
6. Climate Change and Environmental Protection Laws

Have you noticed that for the past few years that the
weather is getting more extreme? Animals we have seen
when we were young have gone extinct? Or have you
noticed how our climate has been shifting from its normal
patterns?
These observations are not only experienced by you
but also by the rest of the people of the world. The culprit
behind these events is Global Warming.
Over the past century, continuous dependence of
people on fossil fuels as source energy has resulted to the
increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the of
atmosphere. This has led to the unusually rapid increase in the
Earth's average temperature, which was defined as Global
Warming by the NASA Earth Observatory.
Obviously, humanity has greatly forced the changes of
the Earth's natural.
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in
temperatures and weather patterns. Climate change has
immensely affected our natural environment and our society
in the past. It will continue to do so if we permit. Globally,
considerable efforts are made to alleviate the negative
effects of climate change and one of which is reduction in
carbon emissions. Each one of us plays a major role in this
cause. We can take part and contribute significantly to
protect our environment, our world against the devastating
consequences of this global phenomenon.
 Volcanic Eruptions. Volcanic eruptions release
carbon dioxide, but they can also release sulfur
dioxide and aerosols like volcanic ash or dust.
Liquids and solids that float in the air are called
aerosols. They could also contain bacteria,
viruses, salt crystals, dust, and soot. Aerosols have
a small cooling effect by diffusing solar energy
that is coming in. Volcanic aerosols can block a
portion of the sun's rays and result in cooling that
could last between one and two years.

Orbital Changes. Climate change can potentially

result from Earth's orbit. The Milankovitch theory
suggested this. According to the Milankovitch
theory, fluctuations in the amount of solar energy
that reach Earth as the Earth orbits the Sun are
caused by cyclical variations in three aspects of
the Earth-Sun geometry, the eccentricity,
obliquity, and precession. The interplay of the
three orbital cycles affects the amount of solar
radiation received at different latitudes over the
year.

1. Obliquity refers to the tilt of the Earth's axis

relative to its orbital plane around the Sun. The
Earth's axis is currently tilted at approximately 23.5
degrees. Obliquity changes over long periods of
time, ranging from about 22.1 to 24.5 degrees,
with a cycle of about 41,000 years. Changes in
obliquity can have significant effects on climate
patterns and seasons, as it affects the amount
and distribution of solar radiation received at
different latitudes.

2. Eccentricity refers to the shape of the Earth's

orbit around the Sun. Instead of a perfect circle,
the Earth's orbit is slightly elliptical or elongated.
Eccentricity is a measure of how elongated the
orbit is. It varies over much longer timescales, with
a cycle of approximately 100,000 years. When
eccentricity is high, the Earth's orbit is more
elongated, leading to differences in the distance
between the Earth and the Sun at different points
in its orbit. This variation in distance can influence
the amount of solar radiation received by the
Earth, potentially impacting climate variations
over long periods.

3. Precession refers to the slow, wobbling motion of the Earth's axis caused by gravitational interactions
with other celestial bodies, mainly the Sun and the Moon. This motion causes the direction of the Earth's
axis to change gradually over time, completing a full circle in approximately 26,000 years. Precession
can affect the timing and intensity of the seasons. It also influences the orientation of the Earth's axis in
relation to the stars, leading to a shift in the position of the North Star over long periods.
 Plate Tectonic Movements. Landmasses are
transported to new locations and latitudes as
tectonic plates move over geological
timescales. The temperature of the continents is
impacted by these changes, as well as global air
and ocean water circulation patterns.

Variation of Solar Radiation. The variation in solar radiation is

correlated with sunspot activity. As a result of the sunspots'
suppression of heat, heat moves to the regions around
them, making them brighter than usual and radiating
more heat. Less sunspots appear to be linked to a cooler
global temperature, whilst more sunspots may contribute
to a warmer one.

Greenhouse Gas Emission/Global Warming

Greenhouse Effect. The greenhouse effect is the way in which heat is trapped close to Earth's
surface by “greenhouse gases.” These heat-trapping gases can be thought of as a blanket
wrapped around Earth, keeping the planet toastier than it would be without them.
Greenhouse Gases. Gases present in the atmosphere which includes carbon dioxide (CO 2),
methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NO2), chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), and water vapor (H 2O).

Human Activities and the Greenhouse

Effect. The natural greenhouse effect
of Earth is being altered by human
activity. Carbon dioxide levels in our
atmosphere increase when fossil fuels
like coal and oil are used. Carbon
dioxide and various other greenhouse
gases have been found to be present
in our atmosphere in greater
quantities, according to NASA. The
atmosphere of the Earth could get
warmer if certain greenhouse gases
are present in excess. The Earth warms
as a result.
SOURCES OF GREENHOUSE GASES
From an annual report given by the EPA. Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, these are
the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions in USA.
1. Electricity production. The largest amount of greenhouse gas emissions is from electricity production.
2. Transportation. Majority of the fuel used by the vehicles are petroleum based (gasoline and diesel).
3. Industry. Production of goods from raw materials in the factories requires the use of fossil fuels that leads
to emissions of greenhouse gases.
4. Commercial and Residential. Handling wastes and burning fossil fuels are common sources of green-
house gases in homes and commercials places like market and cities.
5. Agriculture. Livestock such as cows and goats, agricultural soils and production of rice release green-
house gases.
6. Land use and Forestry. Trees have been the primary absorber of the CO2, in the atmosphere. Clearing of
lands make it difficult to control the increasing concentration of the top greenhouse gas, CO2.

Deforestation. Carbon is stored in plants and forests.

This stored carbon has the potential to be released
back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and
contribute to climate change when they are
damaged or entirely destroyed, for example by fire
- a process known as deforestation.

Evaporation. Cities are typically warmer than rural

areas because there is less evaporation of water
there. Evaporation is a method of cooling. Water in
rural areas might evaporate from these areas
because it is absorbed into the ground or runs off
into rivers and lakes. There isn't much water on the
surface to evaporate in cities because it flows off
into sewers and drains. Cities are warmer for
another reason: the buildings and paved streets
absorb a lot of solar energy, converting it to heat.
The air around these surfaces becomes hotter due
to their heat.

Ozone Depletion. One of the major issues with our atmosphere is

ozone depletion. Nitrogen oxides from jet engines, CFCs or
chlorofluorocarbons from refrigerants, and aerosols are a few of
the factors that contribute to ozone depletion. These
compounds readily generate free radicals, which interact with
ozone to remove one oxygen atom, creating an oxygen
molecule and ozone destruction. The UV rays from the Sun's
energy are blocked by the ozone layer. If there are too many
UV rays present, your health will suffer greatly. Examples include
sunburn, immune system suppression, skin cancer, cataracts,
and physiological changes brought on by DNA alterations.
GLOBAL WARMING IS CHANGING EARTH!
Climate change has significantly influenced various areas in the country including water resources,
forestry, agriculture, coastal resources, and health. This global phenomenon will continue to do so if we allow
our habits and not so environmentally friendly practices to progress and contribute to the acceleration of
global warming ([Link] 2021).

Impacts of the enhanced global warming have been

identified by various scientists.
 More frequent hot days and fewer cool days
 More intense heat waves
 Worsening storms, floods and droughts
 Intensified Hurricanes
 Warmer ocean surface temperatures
 Rising sea levels
 More frequent coastal flooding
 Island nations disappear
 Accelerated melting of ice sheets and glaciers
 Changes in the growing season of plants
 Disruption of normal ecosystem
 Loss of animal habitat
 Possible extinction of animals

PROJECTED HEALTH IMPACTS of CLIMATE CHANGE

Humans are not excused with harmful effects Climate Change. Here's the possible impacts of
climate change to humankind.
 Increase malnutrition and consequent disorders.
 Increase in the number of people dying and suffering from disease and injury due to heat
waves, floods, storms, fires, and droughts.
 Continue change range of some infectious disease vectors.
 Have mixed effects on malaria
 Increase the burden of diarrheal diseases.
 Increase cardio-respiratory morbidity and mortality associated with ground-level ozone.
 Environmental awareness is the understanding and recognition of the environment, its
ecosystems, and the impact of human activities on it. It involves being informed about
environmental issues, taking responsibility for sustainable actions, and advocating for environmental
protection. By increasing awareness, individuals can make informed choices, adopt sustainable
practices, and contribute to a more sustainable future. Environmental awareness also involves
community engagement and collective efforts to address environmental challenges and promote
a harmonious relationship between humans and the natural world.

In order to find the best solution to address the current environmental crisis, environmental
awareness is a number on requirement. Here is a list of the current issues the environment is facing
today:
1. Air pollution. Toxins from the
factories and vehicle are the
primary reason behind the air
pollution. Urban sprawl, acid
d e p o s i ti o n , a n d o i l l e a k s
contaminate the groundwater. The
burning of fossil fuels from the
power plants and manufacturing
plants discharge different gases
that pollute the air.
2. Wa te r p o l l u ti o n . I n the
increasing human population
results to more demand for clean
water. Pollution of water are mostly
caused by discharges from
agricultural and industrial activities.
3. Soil and land pollution. Mining for
minerals, deforestation, construction,
and industrial activities degrade the
earth's surface. Land pollution have a
big impact in the terrestrial ecosystems.
4. Increased carbon footprint. Human
activities directly and indirectly produce
greenhouse gases. As humans depend
in fossil fuels, carbon footprint is
increased and this cause destruction to
the earth.
5. Genetic modification. The demands for
food due to the increasing population
have been addressed by genetic
engineering. The humans found a way
to modify the genes of the plants
through this technology. However, these
genetically modified food causes threat
to the animal consumers those results to
poisons and sicknesses.
6. Overpopulation. At present, the sustainability of the earth's resources is
at threat due to the increasing growth of population. This is one of the
most salient environmental problem that needs to be addressed
immediately.
7. Loss of biodiversity. Human activities have affected the earth's
biodiversity. Destruction of habitat leads to loss of biodiversity.
8. Littering and landfills. The problem in proper waste disposal has been
one of the issues related with the growth of population and industries.
Municipal and household garbage once incinerated or buried in
landfills result to environmental damage in the long run.
9. Mining. The earth's minerals once extracted through mining may release harmful chemicals to
the atmosphere. These emissions may pollute the air, water and the soil.
10. N a t u r a l resource depletion.
Overconsumption of the non-renewable
resources of the earth may lead to global
warming that result to more alarming
environmental issues.
11. Natural disasters. Millions of people are
severely affected by the current natural
calamities happening in the planet. This
includes hurricanes, floods, earthquakes
and forest fires. What makes it worst is its
unpredictability and the irreparable
outcomes.
12. Nuclear issues. One great source of energy comes
from nuclear resources. However, its by-product, the
radioactive waste is extremely harmful and toxic.
Improper disposal of radioactive wastes will affect
humans, plants, and animals including in the
environment.
13. Habitat loss. Habitat destruction, fragmentation, and
degradation are the different kinds of habitat loss. This
environmental concern may pose a great threat to the
wildlife and terrestrial ecosystems.
14. Acid rain. The acidic rain water caused by
the contamination of precipitation with nitrogen
and sulfuric acids has great ecological effects.
The acid deposition may affect the aquatic
ecosystems, forest, man-made structures, and
even cause health issues.
15. Agricultural pollution. The use of chemical
products like pesticides and fertilizers has been a
common agricultural practice nowadays in
dealing with pest. As the chemicals seep into the
ground, it contaminates the groundwater and
thereby will soon affect the plants and crops.
 16. Light and noise pollution. One of the common concerns arising
from the urban areas is the high density of lights from buildings, cars,
and street lights. This pollution greatly affects the bird populations
especially in their communication, mating, and social behavior.

17. Urban sprawl. Urban sprawl or the widespread population growth

in undeveloped areas brings about results to various effects. This
includes increase in public costs, traffic flow congestions, health
issues, and environmental concerns.

18. Medical waste. The refuse generated from healthcare facilities like
hospitals, laboratory clinics, dental clinics, and nursing homes are
considered biologically hazardous waste. Improper disposal of these
biomedical wastes can lead to environmental contamination.

It is important to note that this list is not exhaustive, and other critical environmental issues
exist, including ocean acidification, habitat destruction, air quality degradation, and environmental
justice concerns.
Environmental awareness refers to the consciousness and understanding of the importance
of the environment and the need to protect and preserve it. It involves recognizing the
interdependence between human activities and the natural world, as well as the impacts of those
activities on ecosystems, biodiversity, climate, and overall planetary health. Environmental
awareness encompasses knowledge about environmental issues, their causes, and potential
solutions, as well as the promotion of sustainable practices and behaviors that minimize harm to the
environment. It also involves raising public consciousness, fostering environmental education, and
advocating for policies and actions that prioritize environmental protection and sustainability. By
increasing environmental awareness, individuals and communities can contribute to positive
environmental change and work towards a more sustainable future.
 There are many ways to minimize the effect of climate change. The environmental efforts to address
climate change should be done individually collectively. Since the environment is contagious, the
responsibility to care for it should also be shared not only locally but also regionally and globally. Countries
should come together to adopt protocols and agreements so to help each other solve climate change.

Mitigating the negative impacts of climate change requires a comprehensive approach that involves
various measures. Some key measures to address climate change and reduce its negative impact include:

1. Transitioning to renewable energy sources: Shifting

away from fossil fuels and embracing renewable
energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power
can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
combat climate change.

2. Energy efficiency and conservation: Promoting

energy-efficient technologies and practices can help
reduce energy consumption and lower greenhouse
gas emissions. This includes improving building
insulation, adopting energy-efficient appliances, and
promoting sustainable transportation options.

3. Reforestation and afforestation: Planting trees

and restoring forest ecosystems play a crucial role in
absorbing carbon dioxide and mitigating climate
change. These efforts help sequester carbon,
improve air quality, and enhance biodiversity.

4. Sustainable agriculture and land management:

Implementing sustainable farming practices, such as
organic farming, agroforestry, and soil conservation
techniques, can help reduce greenhouse gas
emissions from agriculture and preserve soil health.

5. Waste management and recycling: Effective

waste management strategies, including recycling,
composting, and reducing landfill waste, can help
minimize greenhouse gas emissions from waste and
promote a circular economy.

6. Climate-resilient infrastructure: Developing

climate-resilient infrastructure, such as flood
protection systems, water management strategies,
and sustainable urban planning, can help
communities withstand the impacts of climate
change, such as extreme weather events.

7. Promoting sustainable lifestyles and consumer

choices: Encouraging individuals and communities
to adopt sustainable practices, such as reducing
consumption, opting for eco-friendly products, and
embracing low-carbon transportation options, can
contribute to mitigating climate change.
8. Education and awareness: Increasing public
awareness about climate change, its causes,
and potential solutions is crucial for fostering
behavioral change and collective action.
Education at all levels can play a significant role
in promoting environmental literacy and inspiring
climate-friendly actions.

9. International cooperation and policy

frameworks: Collaboration between nations,
guided by international agreements such as the
Paris Agreement, is vital in addressing climate
change. Policy frameworks that incentivize
emission reductions, promote sustainable
development, and support climate adaptation
efforts are essential for effective mitigation.

10. Research and innovation: Continued investment in research and development of clean technologies,
climate modeling, and sustainable solutions can drive innovation and provide effective tools to mitigate
climate change and its negative impacts.

Climate change and environmental protection laws are essential tools in addressing the
challenges posed by environmental degradation and the impacts of climate change. These laws
aim to regulate human activities, promote sustainable practices, and ensure the preservation of
ecosystems and natural resources. By setting legal frameworks, establishing standards, and
enforcing compliance, these laws seek to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, protect biodiversity,
conserve habitats, and promote the transition to a more sustainable and resilient future. Such laws
play a crucial role in promoting environmental stewardship, fostering global cooperation, and
safeguarding the well-being of present and future generations.

There are several international laws and treaties that specifically address climate change
and environmental protection. Some of the key ones include:
1. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): Adopted in 1992, the
UNFCCC is a global treaty that aims to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the
atmosphere and prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
2. Kyoto Protocol: An extension of the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 and sets
binding emission reduction targets for developed countries. It introduced mechanisms such as
emissions trading and Clean Development Mechanism to promote mitigation efforts.
3. Paris Agreement: Adopted in 2015, the Paris Agreement builds upon the UNFCCC and aims to
limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursue
efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. It emphasizes nationally
determined contributions and promotes adaptation and climate finance.
4. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): The CBD, adopted in 1992, is an international treaty
that aims to promote the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair
sharing of benefits derived from genetic resources.
5. Basel Convention: The Basel Convention, adopted in 1989, is an international treaty that aims to
control the transboundary movement of hazardous waste and ensure its environmentally sound
management.
6. Montreal Protocol: The Montreal Protocol, adopted in 1987, is an international environmental
treaty that aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of
substances that deplete it, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
These international laws and treaties provide a framework for global cooperation,
commitment, and action to address climate change and environmental protection at a global
scale. They promote collaboration among nations, facilitate technology transfer, and establish
mechanisms for monitoring, reporting, and verification of progress towards the set goals.

In the Philippines, there are also laws and policies in place to address climate change and
environmental protection. Some of the key ones include:
1. Climate Change Act of 2009 (Republic Act No. 9729): establishes a framework for the country's
response to climate change. It aims to mainstream climate change considerations into various
sectors, promote climate resilience, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749): focuses on improving air quality and reducing air
pollution. It sets emission standards for various industries, promotes the use of clean technologies,
and establishes mechanisms for monitoring and enforcement.
3. Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9275): aims to protect and manage the country's
water resources. It sets water quality standards, regulates water pollution sources, and promotes
sustainable water management practices.
4. Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 9003): promotes proper
waste management practices, including waste segregation, recycling, and the establishment of
materials recovery facilities. It aims to minimize the generation of solid waste and promote
resource conservation.
5. Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2009 (RA 9512): promotes environmental
awareness and education. This law highlights the integration of environmental education into
formal and non-formal education systems, emphasizing the importance of raising public
awareness and understanding of environmental issues.
These laws and policies in the Philippines provide a legal framework for addressing climate
change and promoting environmental protection. They serve as a basis for planning, implementing,
and monitoring initiatives aimed at mitigating environmental degradation, conserving natural
resources, and promoting sustainable development in the country.
In conclusion, climate change is an urgent global challenge that requires immediate
attention and collective action. Its consequences are far-reaching, affecting not only our
environment but also human health, economies, and social stability. We must recognize the
scientific consensus on the causes and effects of climate change, and work together to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions, transition to clean and sustainable energy sources, protect vulnerable
ecosystems, and adapt to the changes that are already underway. By taking bold and decisive
measures, we can mitigate the worst impacts of climate change and create a more resilient and
sustainable future for generations to come. The time for action is now.
Music Video Making (50 points)
 Using the composed song on Learning Task 6, create a music video focuses on advocacy that
protects and promotes our biodiversity for environmental sustainability.
 Make sure that your advocacy will be unique, yet practical and will encourage collective efforts
from different age groups.
 Aim to capture people's attention and make them aware of the importance of everyone's
involvement in protecting and taking good care of our environmental resources.
 Let the people realize that such efforts will not only be of temporary outcome but will affect the
next generation.
 Depicts practical ways we can do to help mitigate the negative impacts of climate change.
Excellent Good Fair Poor
10 pts 8 pts 6 pts 4 pts
Variety Excellent Good Fair Poor

Level of variety of pho- Presentation in- Presentation in- Presentation in- Presentation in-
tos/videos used cludes a wide cludes some vari- clude little variety cludes no variety
range of photos ety of photos of photos and/or of photos and/or
and/or videos and/or videos (6-9 videos (3-5 files) videos (1-2 files
(10+ files) files) used throughout)
Science Appropriate Excellent Good Fair Poor

Suitability of files to song Files used are very Files used are Files used are ap- Files used are not
chosen and style of vid- appropriate to somewhat appro- propriate to song appropriate to
eo used to demonstrate both song and priate to both chosen, but not to either song or style
your knowledge of you style chosen song and style style used chosen
chosen science topic chosen
Flow of Visuals Excellent Good Fair Poor

Quality of flow, includ- All visuals flow in Most visuals flow in Most visuals flow in All visuals flow in a
ing ease, smoothness an easy, smooth an easy and a jarring, disrup- difficult and un-
and pleasantness and pleasing smooth manner, tive or unpleasant pleasant manner
manner with few interrup- manner
tions
Transitions/Effects Excellent Good Fair Poor
Amount and variety of
transitions/effects used Multiple transi- Multiple transi- Some transitions/ Little to no transi-
tions/effects of a tions/effects with- effects of few vari- tions/effects of no
wide variety used out any variety ety used variety used
used
Overall Quality Excellent Good Fair Poor

Level of overall cohe- Presentation dis- Presentation dis- Presentation dis- Presentation dis-
siveness, creativity and plays a high level plays a moderate plays a low level plays little to no
professionalism of cohesiveness, level of cohesive- of cohesiveness or cohesiveness, cre-
creativity and pro- ness, creativity creativity or pro- ativity or profes-
fessionalism and professional- fessionalism sionalism
ism
Answer briefly and concisely: (25 points)
Research one environmental conservation laws or programs of other countries and discuss how it
would be beneficial if it would be implemented to the country?
1. Title of Law or Program.
2. What is the law or program all about?
3. The level of effectiveness in executing the law or program.
4. What country did it come from?
5. How is going to be beneficial to the Philippines if implemented?

REFERENCES
Alata, E. P., Calano, M. T., & Pawilen, G. T. (2021). Science, Technology, and Society. Manila, Philippines: Rex
Bookstore.

NASA. (2016, January 14). Causes of Climate Change. Retrieved from National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration: [Link]

NASA. (n.d.). What is Greenhouse Effect? Retrieved from National Aeronautics and Space Administration:
[Link]

Serafica, J., Pawilen, G., Caslib, B., & Alata, E. (2018). Science, Technology, and Society. Quezon City: Rex
Book Stor Inc.

UnitedNations. (n.d.). Kyoto Protocol - Targets for the first commitment period. Retrieved from United Nations
Climate Change: [Link]
protocol/kyoto-protocol-targets-for-the-first-commitment-period

UnitedNations. (n.d.). The Montreal Protocol. Retrieved from UN Environment Programme: https://
[Link]/ozonaction/who-we-are/about-montreal-protocol

What is the role of deforestation in climate change and how can 'Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and
Degradation' (REDD+) help? (2018, January 8). Retrieved from The London School of Economics and
Political Science: [Link]
tackle-climate-change/#:~:text=Forests%20and%20trees%20store%20carbon,contribute%20to%
20climate%20change%EF%BB%BF%20.