PRELIMS

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

BSN 19 | PROF. TRINIDAD | SEM 1

2. Physics- study of matter and

energy and the interactions
SCIENCE
between them, it is regarded as the
● Science as a knowledge fundamental science
● law, theories and principles EARTH/SPACE SCIENCES
● a field of systematic inquiry into ● any of various sciences that deal
nature with the earth and space, its
● a form of a human cultural activity composition or any of its changing
● as a total societal enterprise aspects
● madami beses inuulit BRANCHES OF EARTH/SPACE
SCIENCES
SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES 1. Geology- The study of solid earth,
● Identify the problem (question) the rocks of which it is processes
● gather data by which they change
● hypothesis 2. Hydrology- study of the
● test hypothesis (experiment) movement, distribution, and quality
● does the new data agree of water on earth and other planets
MAJOR DIVISIONS OF SCIENCE 3. Meteorology- study of the
atmosphere and its phenomena,
● Social sciences- study people such as weather and climate
and societies 4. Astronomy- study of universe
● Formal sciences- which use beyond the earth’s atmosphere
formal systems to generate 5. Paleontology- study of the forms
knowledge of life that existed in prehistoric or
● Applied sciences- apply existing geologic periods.
scientific knowledge to develop
more practical application RESEARCH
● Naturals sciences- study of ● systematic investigation into and
material or physical world study of materials and sources in
3 MAIN BRANCHES OF NATURAL order to establish facts and reach
SCIENCE new conclusions
● refers to a process of acquiring
knowledge
LIFE/BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE TYPES OF RESEARCH
● any science that deals with living ● fundamental/basic research-
organism, their life processes and gain new knowledge
their interrelationships ● Applied research- practical
MAJOR BRANCHES OF BIOLOGICAL ● Mission-oriented research- may
SCIENCE mission
1. Botany- the science of plant
2. Zoology- science that covers TECHNOLOGY
animals and animal life ● technology as technics
PHYSICAL SCIENCE ● technology as technology
● any of the sciences dealing with ● technology as a form of human
inanimate matter or with energy, being
physics and chemistry ● technology as a total societal
BRANCHES OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES enterprise
1. Chemistry- science that deals with TECHNOLOGY PROCESS
the composition, properties, ● identification of specific need- need
reactions, and the structure of may purpose
matter . it is regarded as the ● conceptualization of plan
“central science” ● execution of plan
 industrial revolution until the ent of
TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY
world war II

MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY 3RD WAVE TECHNOLOGY

● paggawa ng steals, involve ● comprising the post- industrial or
different type of material the high technologies which are
● deals with the extraction, called science- intensive since they
fabrication, processing, are based on the modern scientific
combination and synthesis of knowledge of the structures,
materials properties and interaction of
molecules, atoms and nuclei
EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY
SOCIETY
● deals with the design and
fabrication of tools, instruments, ● refers to the community, nation or
devices, and machines broad grouping of people having
common traditions, institutions and
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY activities
● deals with the generation, EVOLUTION OF SOCIETIES
conversion and distribution of
various forms of energy
HUNTER AND GATHERER SOCIETIES
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ● most primitive of all societies
● deals with the storage, processing,
retrieval, transmission and SHIFTING AND FARMING SOCIETIES
utilization of information ● e.g. slash and burn farming
● sanay na mag farm
LIFE TECHNOLOGY
● Deals with the preservation, repair, AGRICULTURAL AND MINING SOCIETIES
maintenance, reproduction, and ● bothe depend on the natural
improvement of living systems resources of the world to sustain of
the needs of people but both entail
MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY the risk of environmental damage
● Deals with the planning, ● mining societies
organization, organization
coordination and control of social MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING
activities SOCIETIES
● control of social activities. ensure ● use of coal marked that start of
all task are given to people industrialization
● mga factories
CLASSIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY
SYNTHESIZE AND RECYCLING
1ST WAVE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETIES
● compromising the pre-industrial ● production of synthetic food and
technologies which are labor other resources and recycling of
intensive, small-scale, non renewable resources
decentralized and based on
empirical rather than scientific IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE AND
knowledge TECHNOLOGY TO SOCIETY

2ND WAVE TECHNOLOGY ● Military significance

● economic significance
● comprising the industrial
● medical significance
technologies which were
● human successes and failure
developed since the time of
● threats to human survival

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 ● ethical dilemmas ● world's first empire (2,334-2,154
● disparities in human well-being BC)
● social and cultural roles ● founded by king sargon

ANCIENT TIMES BABYLONIAN EMPIRE

● founded by hammurabi
CONTRIBUTIONS OF BABYLONIANS
MESOPOTAMIA TO CIVILIZATIONS
● promulgation of the hammurabi
● “Land between two rivers” code written by hammurabi
- tigris river ● adopted the ziggurats,
- euphrates river sexagesimal system and
● birthplace of civilization cuneiform
● invented astronomy and
CIVILIZATIONS IN MESOPOTAMIA astrology
● predicted eclipses
● fractions, squares and developed
SUMERIANS book-keeping
● farming tribes from iran
● first inhabitants of mesopotamia ASSYRIAN EMPIRE
CONTRIBUTIONS OF SUMERIANS TO ● founded in 1,115 BC
CIVILIZATION ● gave mankind the oldest known
● established independent city- library- library of ashurbanipal
states (city of uruk)
● built first cities, schools, palaces CHALDEAN EMPIRE
and temples (ziggurats)
● second babylonian empire
● cultivated the fertile lands and
● become famous during the reign of
tamed the flood of tigris- euphrates
nebuchadnezzar
valley by constructing canals and
● built tower of babel
dikes as drainage
● made the hanging gardens and
● made irrigations systems
ishtar gate
● invented the seed plow
● invented the world’s first writing
system- cuneiform EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
● they wrote the first history, poetry,
epics, fables, and proverbs
EGYPT
● made the world’s first written law
code- ur nammu code ●according to herodotus
● created the oldest known city map- ●“all egypt is the gift of the nile”
map of nippur ●pyramids- oldest man made stone
● created the greatest mechanical monuments
invention of all times- wheel and ● built magnificent palaces, obelisks,
axle and temples of granite and stone
● chariot- first known wheeled ● devised the first 365-day calendar
vehicle, kalesa ● hieroglyphics
● bronze tools and weapons ● invented papyrus paper- the first
● potter’s wheel paper
● sexagital system- world first COSMETICS
counting system ● nobles wear wigs
● circle 360- because of 60sexagital ● used henna to dye their hair
system ● used tweezers and razors to
remove unwanted body hair
AKKADIAN EMPIRE ● used jewelries, sandals, perfume,
and cosmetic eye make up

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MEDICINE SOCRATES
● doctors of ancient Egypt combines - know thyself
magic sells with remedies PLATO
● both priests and doctors were - the republic
called upon to heal the sick - dialogues
● heart was the center for reason ARISTOTLE
● devised the earliest known - versatile genius
pregnancy test - tutor of alexander the great
● first to practice contraception HIPPOCRATES
OTHER FIELDS - father of medicine
● invented geometry - wrote “hippocratic oath”
● built the first seagoing ships EUCLID
● invented the ramp, lever, inclined - “elements of geometry”
plane and puller ARCHIMEDES
● invented the sundial and water - “law of puller and lever”
clock - introduced the science of
● built the lighthouse of alexandria hydrostatics
and the library of alexandra THEOPHRASTUS
- differentiated monocots and dicots
- made distinctions on the sexes of
WESTERN CIVILIZATION
plants
● also called graeco-roman or GALEN
hellenic civilization - dissected animal specimens
● began in the island of crete PTOLEMY
(1,200 BC) - geocentric theory and wrote the
● reached it flowering stage in almagest
athens, greece
● mother civilization of all the nations
ROMAN CIVILIZATION
in europe
● loved recreations
○ republic- 66 days
GREEK CIVILIZATION
○ empire- 135 days
● games held during holidays
PHILOSOPHY ○ literary contests
THALES ○ circuses
- first known greek philosopher ○ gladiatorial combats
- founded the 1st greek school of CONTRIBUTIONS OF ROMANS TO
philosophy CIVILIZATION
- believed that universe originated ● invented the latin language, the
from water “language of the western world”
ANAXIMENES ● they introduced the roman
- taught that the universe originated numerals
from air PANTHEON
PYTHAGORAS - greatest domes building
- most important thing in the - built in 27 BC
universe is numbers - rebuilt by emperor hadrian in
- doctrine of numbers 117-138 AD
- pythagorean theorem - still exists as a christian church
EMPEDOCLES COLOSSEUM
- stated that the nature is made up - Built by emperor vespasian
of 4 elements - greatest of all amphitheaters
DEMOCRITUS - seating capacity is 50,000-87,000
- stated that the universe is made up CONTRIBUTIONS OF ROMANS TO
of very small structures SCIENCE

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 ● Pliny the elder- “natural history” ● flying money
● Galen- leading medical authority ● great wall of china
○ wrote 150 books in ● discover lacquer
medicine OTHER CONTRIBUTION
● celsus- “on medicine” (ligature) ● catalogs of stars and novae
● acupuncture
● earthquake weathercock
ARABIC/ ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
● porcelain
● Islam- founded by Muhammed ● use of coal as fuel
● mosques and palaces (Muslim ● water wheel
architectural style) ● wheel barrow
● averroes- prince of philosophers
INDUS-HINDU CIVILIZATION
● agriculture; planted rice, grafting
and pruning; planted rice, sugar ● yoga- discipline of the mind and
cane, hemp, apricots, lemons, body
oranges, melons, plums, spinach ● temple of kailasa
● excelled in glassmaking, ● taj mahal
perfumery, ceramics, leatherwork, ● mughal palace in delhi
manufacture of weapons and ● iron pillar of delhi
weaving ● invented zero and the numbers in
● wrote books that enriched math
geographical knowledge
PERSIAN CIVILIZATION
CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE
● invented chemistry ● introduction of a uniform system of
● discovered alcohol, nitric acid gold and silver coinage
● introduced alchemy ● first regular postal system
● introduced arabic numerals to ● taxation system, an important
europe component of the achaemenid
● invented algebra and spherical state administration
trigonometry ● invented qanat, an underground
CONTRIBUTION TO MEDICINE water channel used to carry water
● Importance of hygiene to house and fields
● first to treat measles, smallpox and ● discovered sulfuric acid
tuberculosis
● performed surgery on the eye, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
brain, etc DURING THE MIDDLE AGES
● use anesthesia
● medical canon- avicenna (prince
of physicians) MIDDLE AGES
● also called medieval period
CHINESE CIVILIZATION ● start: fall of the western roman
empire
● cheap paper ● end: fall of the eastern roman
● printing press (used to print (1453 AD)
confuciano classics) ● First half of this period was
● first compass considered as “dark ages” because
● sericulture of the barbarian invasion
● civil service examination
● pagoda architecture EFFECTS OF BARBARIAN INVASION
● gunpowder ● bad effect: destruction of
● chopsticks graeco-roman civilization
● introduced rocketry in warfare ● good effect: foundation of new
● peking gazette- first published civilization (combination of
newspaper in the world

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 graeco-roman, german and
christian cultures) RENAISSANCE INVENTIONS
HEIRS OF THE WESTERN ROMAN 1. astrolabe
EMPIRE 2. mariner’s compass
3. portolan chart
4. gunpowder
BYZANTINE EMPIRE 5. chineses paper
● from “byzantium”, founded by 6. printing press
byzas
● capital city: constantinople (“new EFFECT OF RENAISSANCE
rome”) 1. enriched world civilization
OTHER CONTRIBUTION 2. sparked “intellectual revolution”
● advanced military technology (fire 3. contribution to geographical
bombs) discoveries and maritime
● government - monarchy explorations
● economy - agriculture 4. paved way for religious revolution
● gree orthodox church or reformation
● language - greek 5. fostered the growth of national
● armies had medical cuts states
● excelled in hydraulics, mechanical
engineering, sanitary engineering MODERN TIMES
JUSTINIAN THE GREAT ● kuryente, telephone, calculator
● greatest emperor ● electric power
● lawgiver of civilization ● electronics
● constantinople became the finest ● robotis
city ● bumbilya
● fostered economic growth (silk ● airplane
industry) ● computers
● built the church of St. Sophia ● USB
(byzantine Architecture) ● cellphones
CHRISTIAN CHURCH ● interest
● television
● played a greater role in history ● veterinary medicine
ROLES OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH ● antibiotic- penicillin (gawa sa fungi)
1. conversion of barbarians to
christianity BIOTECHNOLOGY- Life technology
2. they carried on the work of
fostering education during the dark
ages
3. promoted agriculture HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS
4. they were benefactors of suffering
people during the medieval times
5. preserved learning in europe
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
RENAISSANCE
● brought about vital changes in
● rebirth or revival sciences and humanities
● 14th century, florence, italy ● began as a scientific revolution
● transition period from medieval to (16th century) and peaked into the
modern times age of enlightenment
● humanism arose
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
FRANCISCO PETRARCH
● father of humanism ● developed after renaissance

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● was a series of events that led to ● wrote “mathematical principle of
the great intellectual achievements natural philosophy”
of science that took place during
the 16th and 17th centuries.
CHARLES DARWIN
CAUSES OF THE SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION ● developed the “theory of evolution”
1. contributions from different ● wrote the “on the origin of species”
scientists
2. a new scientific method JEAN BAPTISTE DE LAMARCK
3. establishment of universities
4. renaissance ● proposed that the use or disuse of
5. inventions organs caused organism to gain or
6. corporations of scientist and lose traits over time
technologists
7. printing press ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
8. age of exploration
9. works of muslim scholars ● invented the first useful simple
microscope

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
GABRIEL FAHRENHEIT
● formulated the heliocentric theory
● wrote “on the revolutions of ● Invented the mercury thermometer
celestial bodies”
RENE DESCARTES
TYCHO BRAHE ● devised analytical geometry which
● set up an astronomical observatory combines algebra and geometry
● provided evidence that supported
copernicus’ theory ANDREAS VESALIUS
● “father of modern anatomy”
JOHANNES KEPLER ● first to use human cadavers for the
● calculated the orbits of the planets study of anatomy
revolving around the sun ● wrote “on the fabrics of the human
● proved that planets move in body”
oval-shaped orbits
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
GALILEO GALILE ● “father of taxonomy”
● invented telescope ● binomial nomenclature
● dicsoverd the satellites of jupiter
● observed the spots in the sun ANTOINE LAVOISIER
● formulated the “law of pendulum”
● “law of falling bodies” and ● “father of modern chemistry”
“principles of acceleration” ● stated that water is composed of
hydrogen and oxygen
● discovered 23 elements in nature
ISAAC NEWTON ● formulated the “law of conservation
● most influential scientist of of matter”
scientific revolution
● invented revolution SIGMUND FREUD
● invented calculus
● discovered “law of gravity” ● australian neurologist
● father of psychoanalysis
●

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THEORY OF THE UNCONSCIOUS MIND ● tools and weapons using stone
● Conscious mind - we are aware flakes
● preconscious mind - individual is ● sawing and polishing stones
not aware ● made adzes ornaments of
● unconscious mind- all mental that seashells
are inaccessible to be conscious ● mines copper, gold, bronze, and
mind iron made ornament using gold,
● plus- a link to universal repository pearls, agate
of all data, information and ● practiced pottery
knowledge from the past, present ● practiced weaving, farming and
and future ship-building
FREUD’S 3 BASIC STRUCTURES OF ● practice trade
PERSONALITY ● treated diseases using plants
● ID- completely unconscious ● developed their own writing,
- irrational counting method, measuring
- seek immediate satisfaction system and calendar
- ruled by the pleasure ●
principle FERDINAND MAGELLAN
● EGO- known as reality principle ● portuguese explorer who
- used a combination of organized a spanish expedition to
psychological processes to the east idies from 1519-1522,
add balance resulting in the first
- problem solving dimension circumnavigation of the earth
of our personality ● he discovered the philippines on
- good and bad side (work March 16,1521
through) IMPACT OF THE SPANISH INVASION
● SUPER EGO - judges your own ● Introduced formal education and
behavior as right or wrong founded scientific institutions
○ should you not live up to ● built parish schools
these morals, feel guilt, ● established collages and
shame and anxiety universities (UST)
○ behavior to be encouraged ● trained filipinos in agriculture
in society should, oughts ● prioritized medicine and
and musts engineering
● build government establishment,
churches, roads, bridges and forts
AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT ● botanist, chemist, and medical
● dennis diderot and john-baptiste le scholars made advances in biology
ron d’alembert (encyclopedia) ● focus on trading
● gregorian calendar by pope EMILIO AGUINALDO
gregory 13th ● 1st president of the first republic of
the philippines (1899-1901)
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND CONTRIBUTIONS
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES ● initiated women’s suffrage in the
philippines
● created the national council of
ORIGIN OF THE FIRST MAN IN THE education
PHILIPPINES ● he approved tagalog (filipino) as
the national language of the
● first migrants resembled the java philippines
man and peking man
● second group were the aetas
● followed by the indonesians AMERICAN PERIOD AND POST
● lastly are the malays COMMONWEALTH ERA

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IMPACT OF THE AMERICAN INVASION ● he established the national
● establishment of bureau of resettlement and rehabilitation
government laboratories (bureau of administration (NARRA)
science) ● he made the philippines a member
● built national research council of of the southeast asia treaty
the phils (NRCP) organization
● science was focussed on
agriculture, food processing, CARLOS P GARCIA
forestry, medicine and pharmacy ● 4th president of the 3rd republic of
● industrial technology was poor the philippines
● bungalow-style houses was CONTRIBUTIONS
introduced ● was known for promoting “filipino
● bureau of science was replaced by first policy” which favored filipino
the institute of science businesses over foreign investors
● promulgation of “science act of ● established the austerity program
1958” to establish the national focusing on filipino trade and
science development board commerce

JAPANESE INVASION DIOSDADO P MACAPAGAL

● 5th president of the 3rd republic of
the philippines (1961-196)
JOSE P. LAUREL CONTRIBUTIONS
● 1st president of the 2nd republic of ● he established the first land reform
the philippines (1943-1945) law, allowing for the purchase of
private farmland to be distributed in
SERGIO OSMEÑA SR inexpensive, small lots to the
● 2nd president of the philippine landless
commonwealth (1944-1946) ● he placed the philippine peso on
CONTRIBUTION the free currency exchange market
● the country joined the international and encouraged exports
monetary fund (IMF) ● signed minimum wage law

MANUEL A ROXAS
MARCOS ERA
● 1st president of the 3rd republic of
the philippines (1946-1948)
CONTRIBUTION FERDINAND MARCOS
● reconstruction from war damage ● 1st president of the 4th republic of
and life without foreign rule began the philippines
during his presidency CONTRIBUTION
● science was given priority
ELPIDIO R. QUIRINO ● he provided equipment for science
● 2nd president of the 3rd republic of teaching in public schools
the philippines (1948-1953) ● provided additional funds for the
development of applied science
RAMON MAGSAYSAY SR. and science education
● 3rd president of the 3rd republic of ● encouraged private universities to
the philippines (1953-1957) create programs that focuses on
CONTRIBUTION sciences, technology and research
● his presidency wa referred to as ● proclaimed 35 hectares in bicutan,
the philippines “golden years” for taguig as the site of the philippine
its lack of corruption science community
● ph was ranked second in asia’s ● upgraded the science curriculum
clean and well governed countries ● established the philippine coconut
research institute

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 ● promulgated presidential degree ● improved science and technology
no. 49 to promote scientific ● during his presidency, there were
research and invention almost 3,00 competent scientist
● established the philippine and engineers in the country
atmospheric geophysical and ● promulgated R.A 8439 (magna
astronomical services carta for scientist, engineers,
administration (PAGASA) researchers
● built the national academy of
science and technology
JOSEPH ESTRADA
● built science high schools in
visayas and mindanao ● 13th president of the philippines
AGENCIES CONTRIBUTION
● national grains authority ● internet was prioritized for the
● philippine council for agricultural advancement of schools and
research industry
● philippine national oil company ● signed the clean air act of 1999
● national academy of science and ● electronic commerce act of 2000
technology
● philippine council for agricultural
research and resources GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO
● plant breeding institute ● 14th president of the philippine
● international rice research institute CONTRIBUTION
● bureau of plant industry ● science and technology reached its
● bureau of forest products golden age
● she oversaw higher economic
5TH REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES growth that the past three
president before her
● philippine peso became the best
CORY AQUINO performing currency of the year in
asia in 2007
● 11th president of the philippines ● eVAT law
● first woman president ● R.A 9367 (biofuels act)
CONTRIBUTION
● changed national science and
technology authority to department BENIGNO AQUINO III
of science and technology ● 15th president of the philippines
● created the presidential task force CONTRIBUTION
on science and technology ● initiated shifting to K-12 education
● free public secondary education ● oversaw 7.1% growth of the
act (ra 6655) philippine economy in 2012
● science for the masses program ● R.A 10601 (agricultural and
● NEDA published the philippine fisheries mechanization law)
development PLAN ● honored 4 scientist who gave huge
● S&T was considered as one of the contributions in science and
top 3 priorities technology
● encouraged the filipino scientist 4 SCIENTIST HONORED BY
and inventors PRESIDENT NOYNOY AQUINO
● ANGEL ALCALA, Ph.D
FIDEL V. RAMOS - worked tirelessly on studying
marine species and promoting reef
● 12th president of the Philippines conservation
CONTRIBUTION - identified 50 new species of
● he stored economic growth and reptiles and amphibians
stability

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 - established the philippines first ● invented the aerogas catalytic
artificial coral reef system combustor, which is an anti
● RAMON BARBA, Ph.D pollution, eco friendly invention
- made successful
experiments on inducing
AISA MIJENO
the flowering of mango
trees by spraying them with ● invented sustainable alternative
ethrele and potassium lightning (SALT). an
nitrate environment-friendly lam
- made research
breakthrough in banana
micropropagtion ATOY LLAVE

● EDGARDO GOMEZ, Ph.D ● invented the SALAMANDER

- led the world’s first amphibious tricycle, which can
nationa;-scal assessment travel both on land and in water
of damage to coral reefs
- pioneered giant clam ROBERTO DEL ROSARIO
breeding to benefit coastal
communities ● invented the karaoke

● GAVINO TRONO, Ph.D

- made researches on FE DEL MUNDO
tropical marine physiology
● founder of pediatric hospital in the
- “father of kappaphycus
phils
farming”
● invented the medical incubator
- first to report the
occurrence of “ice-ice”
disease in seaweeds DR. ABELARDO AGUILAR

● invented erythromycin, which he

RODRIGO R. DUTERTE
sent to Ely Lilly who stole his idea
● 16th president of the philippines and patented it
CONTRIBUTIONS ● he never got paid for his idea
● he initiated decongesting the ninoy
aquino international airport in EDUARDO SAN JUAN
manila
● signed the freedom of information ● invented the moon buggy which
order allowed exploration of the moon
● launched a 24-hr complaint hotline
8888
● smoking ban in public places EDUARDO QUISUMBING
● boracay island was rehabilitated
during his term ● was a botanist
● launched the build!build!build! ● father of philippine orchidology
infrastructure program
● signed the train law EMI Q. JAVIER

● pioneering plant geneticist and

FILIPINO INVESTORS
agronomist
● made contributions in tropical
agricultural research and crop
ENGR. MARINTO MARTINEZ
production

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 GEMINIANO T. DE OCAMPO

● father of modern philippine

ophthalmology
● introduced corneal transplantation
operation in the philippine
● founder and first president of the
ph ophthalmological society
● he helped establish the philippine
eye bank

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