“ Easliest classification was gen by [Axi Divided Plants into hesbs , Shaubs and Twees * He also divided animals into two gxoubs , those which had Red blood and those that did not: Two kingdom Classification — Given by Casolus Linnaeus] - kingdom Plantae and king dom Animalia: NEET FLYS Five kingdom eee oe (1964) pzoposed a Five king dom classification. The kingdom defined by him wese named Moneva, Psotista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. een needa tone + The main cvietesia fox classification used by him : include Cell Stwuctuse, Bod O¥ ganization Mode — of Nutvition , sebyoduction and Phylogenetic selationshib- + The Fongi had chitin in theix walls while the seen plants had a Cellulosic cell wallkingdom Monexa » Sole member of kingdom Monera- Most abudant Micxoozganism.- y Categowies based on theiz Shabe @ Rod-shabed ana 2229 4A OF a OSphevicat ? eC iC Coccus: @ spixol Spixillum + Compaze to many othex O*Qanisms» bacteria aS a qxoub Show the most extensive Metabolic divexsity: Awchaebactevia . These bacteria ave S edol» Since they live in some of the most haysh habitat Such as- Extveme Salty azeas > Halophiles Hot S pings > Thes moacidophiles N EET FLYS by, SHEENU Awchaebactesia ew bactesia But kyu Different hai Nee Because they have a diffevent cell wall Stvuctute and this feature is sesbonsible fow theix SUBNiVal ip extzeme Conditions.Methanogens - Present in Gut of Seveval Sonhent animals Such aS cows and buffalo ‘ es as the ae sesponsible fox the pyoduction of nee biogas) fsom the dung of these animals. FLYS by SHEENU « avtotsophs like cyanobacteria (Blue y Some like Anabaene and Nostoc cel\ called erewo cysts Row + Photosyntheti Qeeen algae hone specialized Nitzogen Fixation: * Algae bloom is wien 9? oves the sus face of polluted wakes owth of plue- geen algae bodies- + Algae bloom seleases neusotoxins » deplete Oxygen and makes water unfit fow use- etic autor ophs + oxidise Vawious inoxganic , Nitwites anda Substances Anmoni the veleased energy tow theiv ATP production - They helps in nursients recycling like nitwogen> phospho sous ,ison and Sulbhux- . Hetesoteo hic bactesia : D Z prelerotrophit_ bec ee Se making cued» production of antibiotic » N2 ization causes disease like cholexa, typhoid, ketonus » cityus canker- M coplasma > Oxganisms that com ble tel Lack o cell wall: They ave the smallest living cells Known and Can Suavive without oxygen. Many mycoplasma ave path t jm animals and Plants- F rhtb Has diatoms and golden al ae | desmids- ii Faesh wates |Marzine » Photosynthetic > Micvoscobic Plankton: Ui). In diatoms cell wall have Silica which make ik indestsuctble and cell wall overlab to Fit together like a Soab box: Gw- Theis accumulation fowms ‘ piatomaceous Eazth’, Being gaitty khis Soil is Used in Polishing » Riltwation of oil and Sysvps: Ce i chie®, Producers 9 the Ocean NEETELYS by SHEENU dav. Masine , Photosynthetic .cel\ wall has sti fe cellulose plates: oe ‘ae (iv: Two flagella - one longitudinal and omer feansVesse Ino fuxsow between the wall plates: Example Tus multiplies zapidly » make Sea appear wed (ved des) and produce toxins fo Kill micsoosganism: 2: Evaiencids aw Found in stagnant Fresh water: uy: Have Protein wich layer “Pellicle” which theix body Flexible: aeee Example > Ev glen 4.- Slime Moulds cis Sapsophytic peoti sts- Ui): Undes Suitable conditions Fox Called Plostooe an and leaves: tilt): Duving unfavourable conditions» plasmodium digterentiates and foums feormg: baaics beaxing spoxes at rneis tps: walls which ave extwemely Gv: Spores hane tove wesistant and Susvive fow many years and dispexsed buaix, pete: _NEEFFLYS by SHEENU A\\ Pzotoz00n psedatozs oe parasites: > pane & rmajox 4xoups- 4 cakch Puey using Psevdopodia- Entamoeba axe Pasasites: m an agqsegates qrows on decaying twigs ¢ awe hetesotzobhs and live as o Amoeboi Greg. Amoeba: Have one os moxe Flag ella- wee ellated 7 iy he ceases like Sleeping sicknes Cm oma: Ast ©. anos av d into guilet cae ated > Have cilia to move foo Lah na eg Pasamoedurn:< Hetesotso phic owganisms- Non- chlowpohyllous hyphae- 2- 3 _ ae. of hyphae called m celivm- ia ae which have multnucleated Cyto lasm axe called Coenocytic hyphae: avr = cel\ wall of chitin and Pol cacchasides: 6: Cosmopolitan (nvow in waxsm and hum 4- Saprophytic » Pavasitic » symbiotic (Lichen and Mycozzhiza) (wheat sust disease), Penicillium , Yeast (unicellular fungus) a uw 4 places: e-g-- Puccinia a: Repsod uction can take place ba Negetative means szaqmentation » Rission and bu ding: Asexual sepsodu ction by Spowes — conidia: Spowangiospoxes os Zoos! owes’ sexvol Re oducton by Oospores » ASCoSpowes and basidiospozes produced in Raviting bodies - ‘ g- sexual cyde ins olve Hhee Steps- uy Plasmogamy (Fusion of Pxotoplasms) (Eusion of two Nuclel) «). kaxyogam . ene a zy gore zesuiting in hablo!do- Dikasyophase is a condition of h : 1 avin in an intexvening dikawyotic re tn oe e ere nuclei pew cell) between plasmogamy ane ax yogamy in fungi like Ascomycetes and Basidomycetes: le 7 | cl i { asses of Fungi A Phycomycetes Ci: Gisow on decaying wood 0 on Plants: did Myceliom Aseprat Lili: Spowes paodvced endogencvsly in Spo® ivy Asexvah sepsoduction by Zoos poses ov Aplanos poses: Ww) Ly gosposes ase Rowmed by the fusion of eat Ibugo. Mucos: NeeTELYS by SHEENU a\so known 4S Sac Fungi: i: Ase sapsophytic » decomposess > co sofpnilous (growing on dung) in: Myceliom branched and septate: Liv) Asexval Secs ase called conidia Produced exogenovsly on the Conidiophoaes - x as obligate Pasasites e and coenocyhc: angium ay powasitic ovaspesgillus » NEL E é Saccharomyces (uni NE Pry: » TouPfles- : ae EET EL by SHEENU a Mycelivm septate and Branched: - Creneally asexual spowes ave nor found: auction b Fvagmentation: ui): Negerative sepro vy Sexyvol seprod¥ ow Somatic cells +o in pasidiocasp: (wp: Basidivm produces four basidiospowes exogenovsly afres Meiosis Gxanb- Agasicus ,ustilago» Puccinia 4- pevtesomycetes ect fungi because (commonly known as am pes +h asexval ov Vegetative prases on! e q se fungi ase Known chion by fusion of Vegetative foun basidivm puoduced ge OVE sexual a ymoved wccon Example 2 AlHello bacho. @ Chalo ab thosa Sa me Padh lo: My name is \VIRUS : : wae zis They did not find a Place in Biological classification- 2- Not touly living - 3- None cellular O*ganisms which take over the machines of 0: n ng n ecome Via st cell on & i i b : host texi it and iving bur as Such the have inest cuysta line Mexe baaze ee attic appear Non-living: oO diRRicolt, {S Ca\\ them living 0% Non-living: m, eNizus Poi sonovsS Fluid: ns Neng} me 4 ovr the cesrain 6: Nises mea pisease weky UdIDgor” 4. peg. ruanowsky UE ad tobacco Mo sate ymicsobes cause in tobacco plant: aiéapeiid oS as eytvacts a Mw: Beijesinee (IBA) ei « conta giu™ Ninum Elviavm” of infected plants of xolacc® Kodi couse inkection in Healthy planks: 3: w™M stanely (1935. Siowedetreeee Nan Caystaivized +o fowm cuystak ok proteins ¢ outside their spedgic Host which ase ines we obligate Pazasites- 40- Nivuses aved in helicol OF Poly aaa eithes DNA ov RNA Rmateriad vonich may be single os Stzanded: 2 Usvally plant visuses have single stranded RNA» : bactesiophages have double stsanded DNA and animal visuses have single o¥ dovble Stwanded RNA ow double stwanded ONA- Diseases Cavsed in Homans- Mumps » Small Pox » Hespes > Influenza and ALDS etc: In plants» symptoms can be Mosaic formation, Leak Rolling and Cuxling » Yellowing and Nein leazing , dwastling and stunted Qzowth- FLYS by SHEENU by TO Dienes in \441- ; - Infectious agent | Sxee RNA (Lack Paotein + RNA has Jow moleculas weight: ; “Causes Potato spindle tubew di 4° Discov eedand its analogous Naviant Cx- Jacob. disease (CJp) in humans - Lichens—- *Lichens awe symbiokc agsodation algal Component (Phy cobion*) and Fung ob component (mM cobiont) - Algae Provides Food: Fungi Provides shelkes and absosb nutrients and water for alga. \ution Indicatoss as ‘ney ao not a Poll aoe ‘ Pol\lured Aweas- grow in NEET FLYS by SHEENU Do not give vp the Beginning ‘ the Haw dest s always