Exercises for Homework 1-2

1.11. A die is tossed. Find the probability that the upper side of the die shows:
a) six aces; b) an odd number of aces;
c) no less than four aces; d) no more than two aces.
1.12. An urn contains 12 balls: 3 white, 4 black and 5 red. Find the probability that
a randomly taken ball will be black.
1.13. The first box contains 5 balls with numbers from 1 up to 5, and the second –
5 balls with numbers from 6 up to 10. It has been randomly extracted on one ball
from each box. Find the probability that the sum of numbers of the extracted balls
will be: 1) no less than 7; 2) equal to 11; 3) no more than 11.
The answer: 2) 0,2; 3) 0,6.
1.14. The relative frequency of workers of an enterprise having a higher education
is equal to 0,18. Determine the number of workers having a higher education if the
total number of workers of the enterprise is 350.
1.15. 78 seeds have germinated of 100 planted seeds. Find the relative frequency of
germination of seeds (seed – семя; to germinate – прорастать).
1.16. Two dice are tossed. Find the probability that:
a) the sum of aces equals 5, and the product equals 6;
b) the product of aces doesn’t exceed 6;
c) the product of aces is divided on 6.
1.17. A point C is randomly appeared in a segment AB of the length 3. Determine
the probability that the distance between C and B exceeds 1.
The answer: 2/3.
1.18. A point is randomly thrown inside of a circle of the radius R. Find the
probability that the point will be inside the square entered in the circle. It is
supposed that the probability of hit of a point in the square is proportional to its
area and does not depend on its location regarding the circle.
The answer: 2/.
1.19. A coin is tossed twice. Find the probability that the coin lands on heads in
both times.
The answer: 1/4.
1.20. A point B(x) is randomly put in a segment OA of the length 6 of the numeric
axis Ox. Find the probability that both the segments OB and BA have the length
which is greater than 2.
The answer: 1/3.
 Exercises for Homework 3
2.13. How many different 7-place codes for license plates are possible if the first 3
places are to be occupied by letters of Latin alphabet and the final 4 by numbers?
The answer: 175760000.
2.14. In Ex. 2.13, how many codes for license plates would be possible if repetition
among letters or numbers were prohibited?
2.15. 10 persons participate in competitions, and three of them will take the first,
second and third places. How many different variants are possible?
The answer: 720.
2.16. How many ways of choosing 3 persons of 10 are possible?
The answer: 120.
2.17. A randomly taken phone number consists of 5 digits. What is the probability
that all digits of the phone number are:
a) identical;
b) odd?
It is known that any phone number does not begin with the digit zero.
The answer: a) 0,0001; b) 0,0347.
2.18. There are 3 cards with letter S, 3 cards with letter T, 2 cards with letter I, 1
card with letter A and 1 card with letter C. Cards are mixed and randomly taken
out without replacement by one. Find the probability that cards with letters are
taken out by the way of consecution of letters of the word «STATISTICS».
The answer: 0,0000198.
2.19. A box contains 15 details, and 10 of them are painted. A collector chooses at
random 3 details. Find the probability that the chosen details are painted (collector
– сборщик).
The answer: 0,264.
2.20. Find the probability that from 10 books located in a random order, 3 certain
books will be beside.
The answer: 0,0667.
2.21. Four tickets are distributed among 25 students (15 of them are girls).
Everyone can take only one ticket. What is the probability that owners of these
tickets will be:
a) four girls;
b) four young men;
c) three young men and one girl?
 The answer: a) 0,108; b) 0,017; c) 0,142.
2.22. There are 100 products (including 4 defective) in a batch. The batch is
arbitrarily divided into two equal parts which are sent to two consumers. What is
the probability that all defective products will be got:
a) by one consumer;
b) by both consumers fifty-fifty?
The answer: a) 0,117; b) 0,383.
2.23. A library consists of ten different books, and five books cost on 4 thousands
of tenghe each, three books – on one thousand of tenghe and two books – on 3
thousands of tenghe. Find the probability that two randomly taken books cost 5
thousands of tenghe.
The answer: 1/3.
2.24. A coin is tossed three times. Let Ai be the event «an appearance of heads at
the i-th tossing» (i = 1, 2, 3). Express by A1, A2, A3 and their negations the
following events: A – «three heads»; B – «three tails»; C – «at least one heads»; D
– «at least one tails»; E – «only one heads»; F – «only one tails».

Exercises for Homework 4-5

3.11. By the statistical data of a repair shop 20 stops of a lathe are on the average:
10 – for change of a cutter; 3 – because of malfunction of a drive; 2 – because of
delayed submission of details. The rest stops occur for other reasons. Find the
probability of stop of the lathe for other reasons (repair shop – ремонтная
мастерская; lathe – токарный станок; cutter – резец; malfunction –
неисправность; drive – привод).
The answer: 0,25.
3.12. There are 30 TVs in a shop, and 20 of them are import. Find the probability
that no less than 3 import TVs will be among 5 TVs sold for one day, assuming
that the probabilities of purchase of TVs of different marks are identical.
The answer: 0,81.
3.13. If two dice are rolled, what is the conditional probability that the first one
lands on 6 given that the sum of the dice is 11?
The answer: 0,5.
3.14. An urn contains 6 white and 9 black balls. If 4 balls are to be randomly
selected without replacement, what is the probability that the first 2 selected are
white and the last 2 black?
The answer: 0,066.

3.15. Fifty-two percent of the students at a certain university are females. Five
percent of the students in this university are majoring in computer science. Two
percent of the students are women majoring in computer science. If a student is
selected at random, find the conditional probability that
(a) this student is female, given that the student is majoring in computer
science;
(b) this student is majoring in computer science, given that the student is
female.
The answer: a) 0,4; b) 0,038.

3.16. Celine is undecided as to whether to take a French course or a chemistry

course. She estimates that her probability of receiving an A grade would be 1/2 in a
French course and 2/3 in a chemistry course. If Celine decides to base her decision
on the flip of a coin, what is the probability that she gets an A in chemistry (grade
– оценка)?
The answer: 0,33.

3.17. Suppose that an urn contains 8 red and 4 white balls. We draw 2 balls from
the urn without replacement. If we assume that at each draw each ball in the urn is
equally likely to be chosen, what is the probability that both balls drawn are red (to
draw – тянуть)?
The answer: 0,424.

3.18. An urn contains 10 white, 15 black, 20 blue and 25 red balls. A ball is taken
at random from the urn. Find the probability that the taken ball is:
a) white or black; b) blue or red.

3.19. Two shooters shoot in a target. Find the probability that the target will be
struck at least one of the shooters if it is known that the probability of miss by both
shooters is equal to 0,27.

3.20. Two cards are randomly selected from a pack of 36 playing cards. Find the
probability that both cards are the same color (a pack – колода).
The answer: 0,486.
 Exercises for Homework 6
4.9. There are details in two boxes: in the first – 10 (3 of them are standard), in the
second – 15 (6 of them are standard). One takes out at random on one detail from
each box. Find the probability that both details will be standard.
The answer: 0,12.
4.10. There are 3 television cameras in a TV studio. For each camera the
probability that it is turned on at present, is equal to p = 0,6. Find the probability
that at least one camera is turned on at present (the event А).
The answer: 0,936.
4.11. What is the probability that at least one of a pair of dice lands on 6, given that
the sum of the dice is 8?
The answer: 0,4.
4.12. 10 of 20 savings banks are located behind a city boundary. 5 savings banks
are randomly selected for an inspection. What is the probability that among the
selected banks appears inside the city:
a) 3 savings banks; b) at least one?
The answer: a) 0,348; b) 0,984.
4.13. There are 16 details made by the factory № 1 and 4 details of the factory № 2
at a collector. Two details are randomly taken. Find the probability that at least one
of them has been made by the factory № 1.
The answer: 92/95.
4.14. Three buyers went in a shop. The probability that each buyer makes
purchases is equal to 0,3. Find the probability that:
a) two of them will make purchases;
b) all three will make purchases;
c) only one of them will make purchases.
The answer: a) 0,189; b) 0,027; c) 0,441.
4.15. Three students pass an exam. The probability that the exam will be passed on
"excellent" by the first student is equal to 0,7; by the second – 0,6; and by the third
– 0,2. What is the probability that the exam will be passed on "excellent" by:
a) only one student; b) two students;
c) at least one; d) neither of the students?
The answer: a) 0,392; b) 0,428; c) 0,904; d) 0,096.
4.16. Three shots are made in a target. The probability of hit at each shot is equal
to 0,6. Find the probability that only one hit will be in result of these shots.
The answer: 0,288.

Exercises for Homework 7

5.9. A collector has received 3 boxes of details made by the factory № 1, and 2
boxes of details made by the factory № 2. The probability that a detail of the
factory № 1 is standard is equal to 0,8, and the factory № 2 – 0,9. The collector has
randomly extracted a detail from a randomly taken box. Find the probability that a
standard detail has been extracted (a collector – сборщик).
The answer: 0,84.
5.10. There are 4 kinescopes in a television studio. The probabilities that the
kinescope will sustain the warranty period of service are equal to 0,8; 0,85; 0,9;
0,95 respectively. Find the probability that a randomly taken kinescope will sustain
the warranty period of service (to sustain – выдержать).
The answer: 0,875.
5.11. A die has been randomly extracted from the full set of 28 dice of domino.
Find the probability that the second randomly extracted die can be put to the first.
The answer: 7/18.
5.12. For participation in student selective sport competitions 4 students has been
directed from the first group, 6 – from the second, 5 – from the third group. The
probabilities that a student of the first, second and third group gets in the combined
team of institute, are equal to 0,9; 0,7 and 0,8 respectively. A randomly chosen
student as a result of competition has got in the combined team. Which of groups is
this student most likely belonged to (a combined team – сборная)?
The answer: The probabilities that the student has been chosen from the first,
second and third group are equal to 18/59, 21/59, 20/59 respectively.
5.13. English and American spellings are rigour and rigor, respectively. A man
staying at a Parisian hotel writes this word, and a letter taken at random from his
spelling is found to be a vowel. If 40 percent of the English-speaking men at the
hotel are English and 60 percent are Americans, what is the probability that the
writer is an Englishman (rigour (rigor) – суровость; a vowel – гласная)?
The answer: 5/11.
5.14. Urn A has 5 white and 7 black balls. Urn B has 3 white and 12 black balls.
We flip a coin. If the outcome is heads, then a ball from urn A is selected, whereas
if the outcome is tails, then a ball from urn B is selected. Suppose that a white ball
is selected. What is the probability that the coin landed on tails (to flip –
подбросить)?
The answer: 12/37.
5.15. There are four urns. The first urn contains 1 white and 1 black ball, the
second – 2 white and 3 black balls, the third – 3 white and 5 black balls, and the
fourth – 4 white and 7 black balls. The event Hi is the choosing the i-th urn (i = 1,
2, 3, 4). It is known that the probability of choosing the i-th urn is equal to i/10. A
ball is randomly extracted from a randomly chosen urn. Find the probability that a
randomly extracted ball is white.
The answer: 0,388.

Exercises for Homework 8

6.11. An event B will appear in case when an event A will appear no less than two
times. Find the probability that the event B will happen if 6 independent trials will
be made in each of which the probability of occurrence of the event A is equal to
0,4.
The answer: 0,767.
6.12. 8 independent trials have been made in each of which the probability of
occurrence of an event A is equal to 0,1. Find the probability that the event A will
appear at least 2 times.
The answer: 0,19.
6.13. A factory has sent 5000 good-quality products. The probability that one
product has been damaged at a transportation is 0,002. Find the probability that at
the transportation it will be damaged:
a) 3 products; b) 1 product; c) no more than 3 products.
The answer: a) 0,0107; b) 0,00218; c) 0,0124.
6.14. A shooter has made 400 shots, and the probability of hit in a target is 0,8.
Find the probability that he hits from 310 up to 325 times.
The answer: 0,6284.
6.15. The number of workers of an enterprise is 500 persons. The probability of
absence on the work because of illness is equal to 0,01 for each worker of the
enterprise. Determine the probability that at least one of workers will not come to
work at the nearest day.
The answer: 0,985.
6.16. How many times is it necessary to toss a die in order that the most probable
number of landing 6 aces was equal to 50?
The answer: 299  n  305.
6.17. A shooter hits in a target with the probability 0,6. He is going to make 10
shots. Find the probability that he hits in the target:
a) three times; b) at least once.
The answer: a) 0,0425; b) 0,9999.
6.18. A coming up seeds makes 80%. What is the probability that from 780 up to
820 seeds will come up of 1000 sown seeds?
The answer: 0,8858.
6.19. There are 70 automobiles in a park. The probability of breakage of an
automobile is equal to 0,2. Find the most probable number of serviceable
automobiles and the probability of this number.
The answer: k0 = 14 and Pn(k0) = 0,119.
6.20. 900 students are studying at a faculty. The probability of birthday in a given
day is equal to 1/365 for each student. Find the probability that there will be three
students with the same birthday.
The answer: 0,24.

Exercises for Homework 9

7.11. Two dice are rolled. Let X equal the sum of the 2 dice. What are the possible
values of X, and what are the probabilities associated with each value?
7.12. The probability that a buyer will make a purchase in a shop is equal to 0,4.
Compose the law of distribution of a random variable X – the number of buyers
who have made a purchase if the shop was visited by 3 buyers. Find the
mathematical expectation, the dispersion and the mean square deviation of the
random variable X.
The answer: M(X) = 1,2; D(X) = 0,72; (X) = 0,85.
7.13. A buyer attends shops for purchasing the necessary goods. The probability
that the goods are in a certain shop is equal to 0,4. Compose the law of distribution
of a random variable X – the number of shops which will be attended by the buyer
from four possible. Find the most probable number of shops which will be visited
by the buyer.
The answer: 1  k0  2.
7.14. A sample of 3 items is selected at random from a box containing 20 items of
which 4 are defective. Find the expected number (mathematical expectation) of
defective items in the sample.
The answer: 0,6.
7.15. A box contains 5 red and 5 blue marbles. Two marbles are withdrawn
randomly. If they are the same color, then you win $1.10; if they are different
colors, then you win – $1.00 (that is, you lose $1.00). Calculate the mathematical
expectation and the dispersion of the amount you win (marble – мрамор; to
withdraw – извлекать).
The answer: M(X) = – 1/15; D(X) = 49/45.

7.16. The mathematical expectation of a random variable X is equal to 7. Find the

mathematical expectation of the following random variables:
a) X + 6; b) 4X – 3.
7.17. The dispersion of a random variable X is equal to 9. Find the dispersion of the
following random variables: a) X + 6; b) 2X – 7.
7.18. Independent random variables X and Y have the following distributions:

X 2 4 6 Y 3 4
p 0,3 0,5 0,2 p 0,4 0,6

Compose the law of distribution of the random variable V = XY. Find the
mathematical expectation, the dispersion and the mean square deviation of the
random variable V.
The answer: M(V) = 13,68; D(V) = 29,3376.
7.19. Find the mathematical expectation and the dispersion of random variables:
a) Z = 2X – 4Y;
b) Z = 3X + 5Y
if M(X) = 5, M(Y) = 3, D(X) = 4, D(Y) = 6. The random variables X and Y are
independent.
The answer: a) M(Z) = – 2; D(Z) = 112; b) M(Z) = 30; D(Z) = 186.

Exercises for Homework 10

8.11. Let the law of distribution of a discrete random variable be given:

X – 5 7 9
 2
p 0, 0,3 0,2 0,1
4

Find the integral function of the random variable X and construct its graph.

8.12. The probability of passing the first exam by a student is 0,7, the second
exam – 0,6 and the third exam – 0,8. Find the integral function of the random
variable X – the number of exams passed by the student. Determine M(X).
The answer: M(X) = 2,1.

8.13. The density function of X is given by

{
2
f ( x )= a+bx if 0≤x≤1
0 otherwise
If M(X) = 3/5, find a and b.
The answer: a = 3/5; b = 6/5.

8.14. A system consisting of one original unit and a spare can function for a
random amount of time X. If the density of X is given (in units of months) by

{
−x / 2
f ( x )= Cxe if x> 0
0 if x≤0
what is the probability that the system functions for at least 5 months (a spare –
запасной элемент)?
The answer: 0,616.

8.15. Suppose that X is a continuous random variable whose probability density

function is given by

{
2
f ( x )= C (4 x−2 x ) if 0< x <2
0 otherwise
(a) What is the value of C?
(b) Find P(X > 1).
The answer: a) 3/8; b) 1/2.
8.16. Find M(X) and D(X) when the density function of X is

f ( x )= {
2x
0
if 0≤x≤1
otherwise
The answer: M(X) = 2/3; D(X) = 1/18.
8.17. Let X be a random variable with probability density function

{
5
C ( 2 x−x 3 ) if 0< x <
f ( x )= 2
0 otherwise
(a) What is the value of C?
(b) What is the cumulative distribution function of X?
The answer: a) – 64/225.
8.18. Compute M(X) if X has a density function given by

{
50
if x> 5
f ( x )= x 3
0 otherwise
The answer: 10.
8.19. A random variable X is given by the differential function:

{
0 if x≤0 ,
f ( x )= x + x if 0< x≤√ √ 5−1 ,
3

0 if x> √ √ 5−1.
Find:
(a) the integral function;
(b) the probability of hit of the random variable into the interval (1; 1,1).
The answer: b) 0,221.
8.20. A random variable X is given by the integral function:

{
0 if x≤1 ,
2
F ( x )= x − x if 1< x≤2,
2 2
1 if x> 2.
Find:
(a) the differential function;
(b) the probability of hit of the random variable X into the interval (1; 1,5);
(c) the mathematical expectation, the dispersion and the mean square deviation
of the random variable X.
The answer: b) 0,375; c) M(X) = 19/12; D(X) = 11/144.

Exercises for Homework 12

9.11. Compose the law of distribution of probabilities of the number of
appearances of the event A in three independent trials if the probability of
appearance of the event is 0,6 for each trial.
9.12. Let X be a random variable equal to the number of boys in families with five
children. Assume that probabilities of births of both boy and girl are the same. Find
the law of distribution of the random variable X. Find the probabilities of the
following events:
(a) there are 2-3 boys in a family;
(b) no more than three boys;
(c) more than 1 boy.
The answer: a) 5/8; b) 13/16; c) 13/16.

9.13. A factory has sent 5000 suitable details to its warehouse. The probability that
a detail is broken during a transportation is 0,0002. Find the probability that 3 non-
suitable details will be arrived at the warehouse.
The answer: 0,06.
9.14. Suppose that the number of accidents occurring on a highway each day is a
Poisson random variable with parameter  = 3.
(a) Find the probability that 3 or more accidents occur today.
(b) Repeat part (a) under the assumption that at least 1 accident occurs today.
The answer: a) 0,577; b) 0,627.

9.15. A hunter shoots on a game before the first hit, but he managed to make no
more than four shots. The probability of hit by him at one shot is 0,9.
(а) Find the law of distribution of a random variable X – the number of misses;
(b) Find the probability of the following events: X < 2, X  3, 1 < X  3 (hunter
– охотник; game – дичь).
The answer: b) 0,99; 0,9999; 0,0099.

9.16. There are 11 students in a group, and 5 of them are girls. Compose the law of
distribution of the random variable X – the number of girls from randomly selected
three students.

9.17. There are 8 pencils in a box, and 5 of them are green. 3 pencils are randomly
taken from the box.
(a) Find the law of distribution of a random variable X equal to the number of
green pencils among taken.
(b) Find the probability of the event: 0 < X  2.
 The answer: b) 45/56.

9.18. There are 20 products in a set, and 4 of them are defective. 3 products are
randomly chosen for checking their quality. Compose the law of distribution of a
random variable X – the number of defective products contained in the sample.

9.19. The probability of successful passing an exam by the first student is 0,7, and
by the second – 0,8. Compose the law of distribution of a random variable X – the
number of the students successfully passed the exam if each of them can retake
only once the exam if he didn’t pass it at the first time. Find the mathematical
expectation of the random variable X.
The answer: M(X) = 1,87.

9.20. A discrete random variable X is given by the following law of distribution:

xi 1 X2 x3 3
pi 0,1 P2 0,5 0,1

Determine x2, x3, p2, if it is known that M(X) = 4, M(X 2) = 20,2.

The answer: x2 = 2; x3 = 6 or x2 = 7; x3 = 3.

Exercises for Homework 13

10.11. If X is uniformly distributed over (0, 10), calculate the probability that
(a) X < 3; (b) X > 6; (c) 3 < X < 8.
The answer: a) 0,3; b) 0,4; c) 0,5.
10.12. Trains headed for destination A arrive at the train station at 15-minute
intervals starting at 7 a.m., whereas trains headed for destination B arrive at 15-
minute intervals starting at 7:05 a.m.
(a) If a certain passenger arrives at the station at a time uniformly distributed
between 7 and 8 a.m. and then gets on the first train that arrives, what proportion of
time does he or she go to destination A?
(b) What if the passenger arrives at a time uniformly distributed between 7:10
and 8:10 a.m.?
The answer: a) 2/3; b) 7/12.
10.13. A uniformly distributed random variable X is given by the probability
density f(x) = 0,125 in the interval (a – 4; a + 4), and f(x) = 0 if otherwise. Find:
(a) the distribution function of X;
(b) the probability of hit of X into the interval (a – 3; a + 1);
 (c) the mathematical expectation, the dispersion and the mean square deviation
of X.
The answer: b) 0,5.
10.14. A random variable X is distributed under an exponential law with parameter
 = 2. Find:
(a) the probability density and the distribution function of X;
(b) the probability of hit of the random variable X into the interval (0; 1);
(c) the mathematical expectation, the dispersion and the mean square deviation
of X.
The answer: b) 0,8647.
10.15. The number of years a radio functions is exponentially distributed with
parameter  = 1/8. If Jones buys a used radio, what is the probability that it will be
working after an additional 8 years?
The answer: 0,3679.
10.16. Suppose that the length of a phone call in minutes is an exponential random
variable with parameter  = 1/10. If someone arrives immediately ahead of you at a
public telephone booth, find the probability that you will have to wait
(a) more than 10 minutes;
(b) between 10 and 20 minutes.
The answer: a) 0,3679; b) 0,2326.
10.17. A normally distributed random variable X is given by the differential
x2
1 −
2
f ( x )= ⋅e
function: √2 π . Find the interval in which the random variable X
will hit in result of trial with the probability 0,9544.
The answer: (– 2; 2).
10.18. If X is a normal random variable with parameters a = 10 and  2
= 36,
compute: (a) P(X > 5); (b) P(4 < X < 16); (c) P(|X – 5| > 9).
The answer: a) 0,7967; b) 0,6826; c) 0,2613.
10.19. Suppose that X is a normal random variable with mathematical expectation
5. If P(X > 9) = 0,2, approximately what is D(X)?
The answer: 22,5625.
10.20. The productivity of a winter wheat on set of allotments is distributed under
a normal law with parameters: a = 50 centner/hectare,  = 10 c/h. Determine:
 (a) the percentage of allotments which will have the productivity more than 40
c/h;
(b) the percentage of allotments with the productivity from 45 up to 60 c/h
(productivity – урожайность; winter wheat – озимая пшеница; allotment –
участок).
The answer: a) 84,13%; b) 53,28%.

Exercises for Homework 14

11.12. The amount of forages spent on a farm of large horned livestock in a day is
a random variable of which the mathematical expectation is 6 tons. Estimate the
probability that for the nearest day the expense of forages on the farm will exceed
10 tons (forage – корм; large horned livestock – крупный рогатый скот).
The answer: 0,6.
11.13. The number of automobiles sold weekly at a certain dealership is a random
variable with mathematical expectation 16. Give an upper bound to the probability
that next week’s sales exceed 25. Suppose, in addition, that the dispersion of the
number of automobiles sold weekly is 9. Give a lower bound to the probability that
next week’s sales are between 10 and 22 inclusively (dealership –
представительство).
The answer: 0,64; 0,75.
11.14. A discrete random variable X is given by the following law of distribution:

X –1 0 1 3 5
P 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,2 0,1

By the Chebyshev inequality estimate the probability that |X – M(X)| < 2,5.
The answer: 0,5456.
11.15. The probability of ripening seeds of vegetable culture in a given district is
equal to 0,8. By using the Chebyshev inequality estimate the probability that the
number of plants with ripened seeds will make of 1000 plants from 750 up to 850
(ripening – вызревание; plant – растение).
The answer: 0,936.
11.16. Suppose that it is known that the number of items produced in a factory
during a week is a random variable with mathematical expectation 50.
 (a) What can be said about the probability that this week’s production will
exceed 75?
(b) If the dispersion of a week’s production is known to equal 25, then what
can be said about the probability that this week’s production will be between 40
and 60?
The answer: a) 2/3; b) 3/4.
11.17. A random variable is given by the integral function:

{
0 if x≤0 ,
2
x
F ( x )= if 0< x≤2 a ,
4 a2
1 if x> 2a .
(a) By the Chebyshev inequality estimate the probability that |X – M(X)| < a;
(b) Determine the probability that |X – M(X)| < a.
The answer: a) 7/9; b) 35/36.
11.18. From past experience a professor knows that the test score of a student
taking his or her final examination is a random variable with mathematical
expectation 75 and dispersion 25. How many students would have to take the
examination to ensure, with probability at least 0,9, that the class average would be
within 5 of 75?
The answer: 10.
11.19. As a result of 200 independent trials values of a random variable X: х1, х2,
…, х200 have been found, and M(X) = D(X) = 2. Give a lower bound for the
probability that the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic mean of
the values of the random variable and the mathematical expectation will be less
than 1/5.
The answer: 3/4.
11.20. A die is tossed 10000 times. Estimate the probability of the deviation of the
relative frequency of occurrence of six aces from the probability of occurrence of
the same number of aces will be less than on 0,01.
The answer: 0,861.
11.21. Use the central limit theorem to solve Exercise 11.18.
The answer: 3.
11.22. Let X1, X2, …, X20 be independent Poisson random variables with
mathematical expectation 1. Use the central limit theorem to approximate

(∑ )
20
P X x >25 .
i=1
The answer: 0,1318.