AMRITSAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
(ACME – 16501)
UNIT – 2
POWER UNIT
Amandeep S. Bhui
Traction
• A vehicle producing power within itself for its propulsion
is known as a Self propelled vehicle.
• eg. Moped, Scooter, motorcycle, Car, jeep, truck, tractor,
ships, aircrafts, rocket etc.
• A self propelled vehicle used for transportation of goods
& passengers on the ground is called an Automobile.
• Different from Aeronautical vehicles (planes, helicopters,
rockets) & marine vehicles (ships, boats, submarines)
Amandeep S. Bhui
HISTORY
Amandeep S. Bhui
HISTORY
Amandeep S. Bhui
HISTORY
Amandeep S. Bhui
BASIC COMPONENTS
Amandeep S. Bhui
BASIC COMPONENTS
1. The Basic Structure:
It consists of the frame, the suspension system, axles, wheels and
tyres.
Amandeep S. Bhui
BASIC COMPONENTS
2. The Engine:
It provides the motive power for all various functions which the
vehicle or any part of it, may be required to perform. The engine for
automotive use is IC type.
Amandeep S. Bhui
BASIC COMPONENTS
3. The Transmission System:
It consists of a Clutch, a gear box giving four, five or even more
different ratios of torque output to torque input, a propeller shaft
to transmit the torque output from the gear box to the rear axle
and a differential gear to distribute the final torque equally
between the driving wheels.
Amandeep S. Bhui
BASIC COMPONENTS
4. The Auxilliaries:
The Electrical systems.
5. The Controls:
They consists of steering systems and brakes
6. The Super Structure:
In those cases where frameless construction is not adopted there
must be super structure i.e, the body.
Amandeep S. Bhui
CLASSIFICATION
1. Based on Purpose
a) Passenger Vehicles – Car, Bus, Motorcycle
b) Farm Vehicles – Tractor, Combine, Harvester
c) Goods Vehicles – Lorry, Truck, Pick up, Trailer
2. Based on Capacity
a) Heavy Motor Vehicle (HMV) – Large trucks, Buses, Tractor
b) Light Motor Vehicle (LMV) – Cars, Jeep, Motor cycles
c) Medium Vehicle – Small trucks, Minibus, Tempo
Amandeep S. Bhui
CLASSIFICATION
3. Based on Fuel used
a) Petrol Engine b) Diesel Engine
c) Gas Vehicles d) Solar Vehicles
e) Hydrogen Vehicles f) Electric Vehicles
g) Steam Engine vehicles h) Hybrid Vehicles
i) Hybrid Electric Vehicles
4. Based on Transmission
a) Conventional Transmission
b) Semi Automatic Transmission (with Auto Clutch)
c) Fully Automatic Transmission
Amandeep S. Bhui
CLASSIFICATION
5. Based on Drive
a) Left Hand Drive b) Right Hand Drive
c) Fluid Drive d) Front Wheel Drive
e) Rear Wheel Drive f) All Wheel Drive (AWD or 4WD)
6. Based on Body & Doors
a) Sedan
b) Hatchback
c) Station Wagon
d) Convertible
e) Sports utility vehicle (SUV)
f) Multi Utility Vehicle (MUV or MPV)
g) Delivery Vans etc..
Amandeep S. Bhui
CLASSIFICATION
Amandeep S. Bhui
CLASSIFICATION
7. Based on type of Suspension
a) Conventional – Leaf Spring
b) Independent – Coil, Torsion bar, MacPherson Strut
8. Based on type of Engine
a) Reciprocating – Piston Engines
b) Rotary – Wankel Engine, Gas turbine
9. Based on number of Wheels
a) Two wheeler
b) Three wheeler
c) Four wheeler
d) Six wheeler
Amandeep S. Bhui
FRAME
FRAME :
A rigid Structure of Chassis and skeleton of the vehicle. Until 1930s
virtually every car had a structural frame, separate from its body.
Functions of a Frame:
• Base mounting engine & transmission.
• To carry load - passengers or goods.
• Withstand thrust, stresses & torques.
• Accommodate suspension system.
• Resist the centrifugal force.
• Withstand bending & twisting stresses.
Requirements of a Good Frame:
• Strong, Light & to withstand.
• Resist distorting forces.
• Resist horizontal forces.
Amandeep S. Bhui
TYPES OF FRAME
[Link] Frame Construction
•Most of the heavy vehicles.
•Made up of steel section.
•2 long side members & 5 to 6 cross members joined together with
rivets or bolts.
• Cross members increased strength.
• Front – inswept (narrow): Steering lock, pivoting & swinging of
the front wheels.
• Rear – upswept (Board): vertical movement of the rear axles, road
bumps & inequalities.
Amandeep S. Bhui
TYPES OF FRAME
2. Semi Integral Frame Construction
• Load on the vehicle is transmitted to the body structure also.
• Rubber mounting replaced by relatively stiff mountings.
• Heavy when compared to conventional type.
• Used in American & European cars.
Amandeep S. Bhui
TYPES OF FRAME
3. Integral or Frameless Construction
• Now-a-days used in most of the motor cars called as a frameless
or chassis-less or mono or unit construction
• Floor assembly & frame form one integral unit.
• Heavy side members are eliminated
• Floor is strengthened by cross members & body, all welded
together.
Amandeep S. Bhui
DIFFERENT ENGINE LAYOUTS
1. Front Engine
• More efficient drive train.
• Efficient cooling system.
• Ease in service.
Amandeep S. Bhui
DIFFERENT ENGINE LAYOUTS
2. Rear Engine
• Independent rear suspension system.
• Tail heavy.
• Handling will be difficult due to high speed.
• Large amount of space.
• Increase load will provide better grip on road.
Amandeep S. Bhui
DIFFERENT ENGINE LAYOUTS
3. Mid Engine
• Used in sports car.
• Location of engine provide excellent weight distribution.
• Good handling and maximum traction from driving wheels.
• Disadvantage in traditional cars.
• Two seat.
Amandeep S. Bhui