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Module No-01

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sanjit singh
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45 views101 pages

Module No-01

Uploaded by

sanjit singh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Mocduwle- De RCUITS: The essential pasts of aio elechse cetudt are soar’ of power (boutery), cond LUSs Cay Hhe curred & Load. Clamp, heats, mois): The source supplies elector eweray jo the Lead leh convent, it 40 peak ow other REO oh eneray- : consider a circudt WWeh cotal os gource CAO, conduck and Loa. og i te ay. = In above cirewb de source 5 cap nected PECAN’ of thes de curred ftows Hort 1b, THe comd AUN Y, meee is conductor wire, The teod fr de crest 1S bib: : qThe rect current starts valtage source TF puta aad) * qe wuystuct plows ap Aer PR the Lead io ig eieewib ys yeserance may ae eased Th GbE, pawl er gama patella - OPPO) de crrodts are claan fed - NY seneg crrewt 2) Pasalled creewt 5) senedr-Pavallel drew b fey V8 yerminad of pe dermoid pleut: Sesyes chrcuait - my pen figure, vesistors are cmnected endl ® eNd, Me VESTS are Tn tener cohen same cunent flows +m! each recep. it Ri Ra Ra 0 i) iia a tz te % a | A “aie & > ae ReSistyr' 2, eral eu ace! Gra eed Ts gene ams dc source Voltage V. Same CUTrent 2 Flows Hr each. fromm olny Law Voltage acmss recites BR) We 1 Ry witege ACerS VEL hyS Ra ts, Vo+tRe Witage @orss yecittor Re iB. Ve-1R3 The wrod Vol toge appl red) 1 erunt & cum ok Wwitages AIWSS Ri (Re QnA Ra. Ve VjitVa 4V2 I LRitRRo+IRe Ve RitRetRadt= Rpt ] wher gre eiteerey @ ee wen Number o} ENTS connected to en eE, Then equovalerd rerliranre is suno of all vestors: Vol DIVO Reale y 2 RitRotPRe Hence Voltage acreu R) fs Nye Rt Ne _R) RitRo+R3 volts: Soy VuITage aCoDss Ro 7. Ss 3 e's vastRe = Vy BS RitR2+ee Noe Re v RitRotRa vw} acysss Ra ik Tse “ V2=1Rg Se ggg RE Nig RrtPatke Ryt Ret Re The voltage AMP aesrcs each rector iM Sener crit Ts brectiye pre pysBumal & Hye vaho of lis reeNTAae ts the tod Sewer vesltanie oh the circu bt Paxatiel circusts- The discuJb In Web one era of each vesutance b Jorned a commen poivt and other end rf each rentan is Jopped 4 another common Point sy Hoa there are many paths fr (Urrerd flou0s ot HUM ber of TEINTADIE IS catled paralel dvcuits- x RI COsider Hyrce PEMUTOSS Ri, P2and Ra connected W pavotle) acres courte Wiinge U. Due f Voltage V CUvreud L k10WL SLY Mere are three veriehsst, uo dete cuMtind 2 dinded as 1) Hw R,, le He Re and Va tow R2. The valtage across eacis resists |S Same wlhych is mopply witage v. BY ohms Lavo cayreed tre yeriranre By, t= Cured How yea nie Ro. )2= x, came Hm reIuHaNe Ra, 13- igs Novo fos a pavalled Clrait, tote) cured equal fe sum q Groaned curred 1e Le 1p# letds a ee L 2 git ae a ay Ay « Ri pe RB (4 Lhe s. Ve when nurnber of, Mesigtance connected lo patel hen reciprocal 4) feted vesiurance eguet & cur oh yell paws of Ipdadugd ves tan ce. CUM DANO Ruste - consides a pavale cisewit tedin paralled acmss me battens witage “pts dwn pasts ie bs ay how , two reghianiy RERo are c~+mnec WITS: ne tral Lusers t dMdad rhyd Ri and 12 the Re: The trtab veintaoie Reis gved a4 ju ge yi, Bree Rr Rit Be Ripe the Bra vee of, Ped Hepa DLE connected Io paralld equal k praud F Indyatnal rermeanre coudd y Herr Suny The branch Cutrent can be gived a3 PYRp = Ries. "Rigke CURT FI Ri tie Mog PieR2 gy ’ Rea mA RitRe RA Ry+R2 SI» (Weng thi R2 jo , BR R27 = Rick 5 va ee Be: [ye RitR2 “me ioe ~ Rite Sm pavoule) ce culls chev VEL GISTS, Hoe cURent , : Po ane veri tepce MT the jine (urrenty Amvey He oppogh ves fa N1e dscled lowe cy h poy Fen cranies x) Four vesIsTan (es sh, olbroic values Br, 102,182 and ' ; aor are connected 10 Jened acrvss a looV coUurees HOV \ 4. i thos witage bBicked among the vasous papers ? aI": SVL jo |S OA, WA Ly joov se yu ? eae lon wing aig ue Rrle we cao wie’ fly V tow Op: 2 se gxidd = iov Grio4 1S +20 2 Sick eRe saad t Be wre LAV OAISAZS - Winns 18 gg BEES 09 ——————— ‘ rede ke Ea Naor = ae 2 Se 2 1 &. 20x! de - Lov SH F420 os cx Tuo VESISTSES QR) and Re ave connected in paralled 4 CevfOuN Supply The cured hakeh fram the Supply is sg A. codcmate Hre value of Riv if Ra- Ex and the Current Hrd 21 1s 2A. Also corcnlate teoted power absosbed by crewet: 2: OV a R i Ra- 6S An v Tora current Hyrd tye circuit is sA_we cam cattntet conmtid Povarnng Hy Ro wal ch 15 LUYrend thy Re la=i- 1s S- 2534 when vesishes are io parallel Mey have equad witege stpprg-wsliage Ve TBR =e SRG r \8v SO YENStqnre Ry is Given aw Rie ee = s 4, Bae (Ries) Power absorbed be the cdecwit = fey “127 = (asta + (A KE = 4xg+4 9%6 = 3¢+4S eres) = Sow Power ablorbed ba crete 5 gow [ch SS & colcintote fot the efftedive yesistanle of the circuit of git ee cuyrend Hd gr resistance, Whed polenpbal ek GOV is applied bePpcid A and 8 or 3m Br \\y ve Gov rt gedigues euz-and aia Is Barelleusne aes S08 acnss it & R S 2 iS fen, RPL BR2! . MEL. v "pite2 a 3 “ wr Sica gr ban sel Now Hesjstous 2? ¢ \BRr are 19 SEN * avtoy vesisrance? ay— Rye Rites 20IP => VieGev yes isis 2042 SSvL are parodlel: 2: eguovet ees yeaa ie is 20%, 108-4 Ree BB? - 2° Riae2 2045 4 a a hee The carts towing Hw | x G2 ves iS 1) oe ary we bist Ble ak Ve 60 Sa RN le * short and open cirauit- when two ferminoals oh a clycuh ave connected ly a waive, 16 CNOWN ab Short crrcedt s + hoa Allowing fearves: eraealy q © U hay cere vesistance: , | ® cuvret Hw! ib vers large © there is no voirage arrest it: when hwo terminals oh a Crewe have wo cored epnecton between them Nov as open cirarit: 7 & ho flowing feownves a) Ut hay ingnike vegicrance B ) current thy is zevd 9D The enbre voltage appears acs it: open ciecuits & showt circuits io a semes circuits wher an open drcuwt appears in sere crit dhe equirmlent vesirance beromes Infinite and 00 Curved flows Ho! the chro E: a Rte B os, See « SE a Rit R240 ca one VAG = VaR t-te Vv = ‘ \ _ yes uten when anest ciscwib appears 19 seo core, He vesutaoe R2 become Uo oe Lye] 2 at 2 a “ete “Bl gee ae - ¥ TDEAL AND PRACTICAL VOLTAGE S CURRENT 20 seing ef’ 0 © <@ we get N= 36M, Vas s0v, va: ev The Vamaus currents are = ro mje Nis. 34 2 IQA = 2 2 2 tga MINS 4 BREAE 2 Be, aa 10 10 To" Ve Na-NV3 2 mO=1E nap [he (BA, a2 BA, Tos 2A, 14H HA, 1s HATE GAY , Super Node Analysis - A Voltage Source behween two nodes male Hem to be supevnode- IN thar cate separate equakon Fs obbaned loeburteD Pwo Haded and these po nader dre combined dumag the pode) analysis: & Find she cunent thd jon vechetos aa thaw 19 Ag ure USING node analysis - St oa toa DIA ol showing the nodes and uncnaon CUYred recbons From Supernede VANB= [0 ----@ Appl» KcL on SiPex pode V4tlot+tg—\-ry=0 NOVB YL VA-0 | YB-0 _ — \-s = os co \o cil = Va EB NUE ont = oe s 10 VA+VB = eis 8 2VAtVR =10 --"® lo Sling <1 © <@® we_gey VR 6-G7V & Vg =-3:33 Wits Hence (Ute Flow ng tal love ves tos 1S Tge Varo _ .g-az a a eS 2-0-3BA Tiov2 = 033A (4) & Bad the curecud Ho! aur rashctvs au shown ie fgure AD a ay uw ® oe Sol, considers a crecuit with bee! © adsign mens and cured drecsons ad shown: 2 fom Super Opole Vers wi ----O ADPl~ KcL ad nocke A Vaziov -- @ APPIY Kel at srperPode (pede gec) 1a-lg-te+ta-o VAN®_ vR~0 _vr-o0 4 VA-vo “=F Sr =o z é te 8 2 18 he em) we, eS Be & ¢€ ~ op v: 1 z *(3+8) ~¥8( 442) ve Chu) e. YaC3\ vB S\ vc (18 \ 2 aC) a0) Ve thy 5 ATTVA = O625VR=O-4) b7VC=0 PY Va =lov in ab eguedson = 0-625VB- 0-4fe7Vie 47.520 oO: GISNE HOA VE = He © salting ef @ £D we get VA=|oV vgs H2v Not 42v THEMES CUYeE wt Flowing Hav! 42 veslepor . Tage fge VAVe pease. SB Pasa A 4 4 [Tanz 14va >) & Bnd wliage THUS gr vesishers Using node analysis tov aa nw Vew =Ve = 201 SA gr Aw THEVENIN’'s THEOREM ~ U states Hood,"Any woo fermi pod complex nehoorc Can be veplaced by equivalent Vovjage:couvce (erm Thevenris Ww lrage |v rh) 1D Sened with equovalent vesiten ce (Thevenis vegicran te)" the Ve linge source TS the Volhaye acrdss two fetrmin- wlth load, ‘Lany removed. the sever vesishanie & Hie VESISTANCE Of the Nehwovk Measured bel? Koo terminals wits lead removed. The constant Voltage source veplaced by Tprernal resiuteance Cif Mot given Hen chop ciecnit) and Constant current source stplaced by Mferha) pengrance ax Open circus Ker Infinite veslstance if not given - Covoplex Netwoowk STEPS fo ve followed 19 Theyenins Thearem - © Remove the \oad resictance @L. © Ford oper cicted Voltage Veh acrss the polnd A28 Cremave the vecitance acre tly we have calinlale CANT Hoe (£) ® Brod roe vecithance Reh as seem Foro pont Aand 8 Wit) Voltage cource and current cource replaced 6p inher od resichance. ® Replace the network oy a Ww \ tage Louree Veh in ceneg wlth vesicrance Reh - ®© find the CUrreud Hrrigh RL wing abis@ aay figpe Neb Rrh+Rb && -Petermine Hye cursent Phrygh oN resjystos iN the netvoork as shovon . by thevenin's theorem: 6 me cied or 2V We have te determine current Hrd suy vecictor she vesieter can be called as load vesiekunce RL, Ferm Oa Re Bare catled load terminal. oR 20 Ww) iS it, 26V Sheps ® erlewabon o Veh ~ Removing load vasichince fore the eho ark sors A lov \ Ger an A ae ae Qw (bares eho) Megha nes ie 2oeVv AS © cCalcuiate wi tage Vth acyyss derminay Ae B whseh is wi Tage given 4 “Nth = 32-law4$20-0 seNthe +3 (1g- ta)+2020 -Yrh~ 3tat3te+20£0 “Vth 4+3to 42020 Vrh-Vags 3t2%20 “~-O T catewtate to OPPly vl at mech | VO = Gte— Vhs Ee) =, W9-- 694 > 24 has o \O: SAPP LSE! . TAy-teeyo --- -@ APP)Y ISVL ts mesh o ~ 213 $3 Cte S16 Iga’) <6 "BERR Stoet 54.2, ae W-6t2 20 ---@® By ssring eq <® we get Tie VAC ACL) toe 0-249 A Ce) Pry Hhe value 44, 1219 eg © Yrs 3X0-244420 = 0'732 4202 20'732V @ calcwlebon sf, Reh - Remon load vesiitan(e froro the pefwore and replacing voltage gowrce be TPF a revietance or chery cotwt TF Hot given, replace cummed Loure oF iWwermeal WIGAN oe open circuit ff Not given. Gr Iw & mn Bu a GEIL ARIO parallel. whys SAL = oes712 TN A 30 OW & OBST] oe 19 See? OBSTy, 8 VRrs 2an+o387) SRS Tie A ROSES 324 [Link] are lh pavrle arg an 8 Pigg. Wessel) Madees B+2-257) ie ie . Rebs Rage le agg Reb: )G63anr ® cabewhahon of load cunent - Theve ning equvatect ciriwt is a whown LU By obras law eo rr S02 Pigs OMS. ool tas, - : Poses ues . = Bia) ACY) Tgee 8-21 ACL) eee Bel A ey | EX: determing Hye cuveent Phov! (sur vesisgsy Tn a nebvoric OA show) boy Hhevenin Heo: ge on TS r Sy i 20V ge ev. se The (UM dt Lsun vesigtor IS reqalred. 1S 15 called ay load veslupanie. termina a<@ is culled load FEYMIN ar- Qu ee as A or Sov ese ee 8 6v © carerotion dvr - femuve load reictance Rp 1 -rr. a aw The volt acerss term mad ALB is VABe Veh - Theeemne Voltage The Vag 1s gpren w “646 (38-SaeCReeT Eevee | "676 L226 5) =Ving: VaR C7 484 APD kvL at mesh |. “Bi -v.s (nj tay Gy EO mShl 7-84) Pesta Et) eo H22°SI #751220 ~--- © RPPIY KYL F meh® —TS(Lo-ED) -30-£ Ta t0 “PEL a st TShy- B29 -S1La to 7ST) —-\2-St.2 230 an ewe ot BY SANG FO © we ger £)Sa%, ae kD Prd value F< L2 to ex) © VABe Nebo G (a) eS (3) 7G = FOHIS TE HAG @ colemahon go Reh Remenng load reticfanie from the cic oe cn 72 Resivnrr 7:6 2FN are ip % Pawedlet. 2 feta) reydane a Ure TAL. BR 5 DFAS

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