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ChemDraw Tutorial for Chemical Reactions

This document provides a tutorial on using the ChemDraw software to draw chemical structures and reactions. It explains how to insert structures into other documents, use various drawing tools to construct molecules, add functional groups and charges, draw resonance structures, and illustrate chemical reactions with reagents and conditions. Examples provided include drawing 2-propanol and its dehydration reaction to propene, as well as exercises to draw a molecule with multiple components and the nucleotide guanine.

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213 views3 pages

ChemDraw Tutorial for Chemical Reactions

This document provides a tutorial on using the ChemDraw software to draw chemical structures and reactions. It explains how to insert structures into other documents, use various drawing tools to construct molecules, add functional groups and charges, draw resonance structures, and illustrate chemical reactions with reagents and conditions. Examples provided include drawing 2-propanol and its dehydration reaction to propene, as well as exercises to draw a molecule with multiple components and the nucleotide guanine.

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Chem 267. Tutorial on the Use of ChemDraw. On the CRC computer, double click on the Macintosh HD icon.

Double click on the Applications folder and look for the CS ChemOffice 2010 folder. Double click on the CS ChemDraw Pro icon. (Alternatively, if the ChemDraw icon is present in the dock, you may simply select that.) To insert structures or reactions into another document such as Word, select the structures or reactions as described below, then copy and paste into the document. (1) The Basics. On the left is a tool palette. This is where you choose various tools for drawing structures. Select the single bond tool (straight line) and click in the main window. A bond will be drawn. This is actually a line representation of ethane, CH3-CH3. Click on one end of the bond. A second bond forms. This would be propane, CH3-CH2-CH3. Next click on the end of a bond and instead of letting the mouse button go, drag the mouse around. This will add another carbon but it allows you to place it at a different angle. Letting it add the carbon by itself produces a normal-looking structure. Select the six-membered ring (cyclohexane) and click in the main window. A cyclohexane line drawing is produced. You can select the single bond tool and connect a CH3 to one of the carbons of cyclohexane to make methylcyclohexane. Selecting and moving objects. Select the lasso or marquee tool and click on a molecule. One click selects an atom or bond and double clicking selects the entire molecule. Several molecules and objects may be selected by surrounding the objects with one of the selection tools. The selection may be moved around by dragging it with the mouse. To make a double bond, you can select the bond you would like to convert to a double bond, and by clicking on it with the single bond tool, it will change it into a double bond. If you would like to change it back to a single bond, you may use the eraser tool to do so. Just select the eraser tool and click on the atom or bond that you wish to erase. To add a functional group, for example, OH, select the text tool and click on the atom that you want to change to that group. Type in OH and an alcohol will be drawn. (2) Drawing Resonance Structures. Draw the following molecule. To add the + charge, hold down the mouse button on the chemical symbols tool and select the circled + charge and point it at the atom to which you wish to place the charge.

If you click on the arrow box, you can find various types of arrows (i.e. equilibrium, resonance, reaction, and curved arrows). Choose the resonance arrow and draw two resonance structures for the molecule above. For this exercise as well, use the curved arrow tool to show the movement of electrons, and include brackets around the resonance structure using the bracket tool to indicate again that it is a resonance structure that is being drawn. Copy and paste your resonance structures into your report. (3) Drawing Reactions. Draw 2-propanol. Next choose the reaction arrow from the tool palette and click next to the 2-propanol that was drawn. You can change the size of the reaction arrow by using the lasso tool or the marquee tool. Remember that if you would like to move whole molecules or multiple objects, select the lasso or marquee tool, select the desired objects, and drag around the highlighted content using the mouse. Over the reaction arrow, use the text tool to indicate what reagents were used. For this reaction, above the reaction arrow indicate that concentrated sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst, and below the reaction arrow that heat was also used. For the products, draw propene (CH3CH=CH2) and water. Copy and paste the reaction into your report. (4) Exercises. Copy and paste these into your report. Draw a molecule having 2 rings, 2 different functional groups, and 1 C=C bond. Look up the structure of the nucleotide guanine and draw its structure. Things you will need to know for the future that you should do on your own. These will not be included in your write-up. Eventually you will need to know how to draw stereochemical representations and reaction mechanisms. Look up the structure of Vitamin D (there are various types) and draw one of its structures. Make sure to indicate the stereochemistry of certain bonds, using the wedge and dotted bond tools.

Choose a reaction from your lecture or lab text and draw the mechanism of the reaction. Be sure to draw curved arrows showing the movement of electrons and include any relevant reagents, conditions, or resonance structures needed for the reaction. There is much that can be done with ChemDraw but you now know the basics. Play around with the different tools to become familiar with them. Some may make little sense but dont worry about those and dont try to learn everything at once. -written by Matthew Liu, Chemistry, 11 and Peter Samal (11/12/09 revision)

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To insert structures or reactions from ChemDraw into another application like Word, select the structures or reactions using the selection tools, copy them, and then paste them into the desired document .

First, draw 2-propanol using ChemDraw's drawing tools. Next, select the reaction arrow from the tool palette and click next to 2-propanol. Use the text tool to indicate that concentrated sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst above the reaction arrow, and denote heat is applied below the arrow. Draw propene (CH3CH=CH2) and water as the products and arrange them to indicate the conversion reaction .

To demonstrate a resonance structure in ChemDraw, use the resonance arrow from the tool palette. Draw the molecule first and then use the curved arrow tool to show the movement of electrons. Brackets can be drawn around the resonance structure using the bracket tool to indicate that it is a resonance structure. Additionally, hold the mouse button on the chemical symbols tool to add charges if necessary .

To depict a reaction mechanism in ChemDraw, draw the molecule and use curved arrows to illustrate electron movement. For stereochemistry, use the wedge and dotted bond tools to represent bonds in three-dimensional space. Additionally, annotate the mechanism with reagents, conditions, and any intermediate resonance structures that support the mechanism’s progression .

To transform ethane to propane in ChemDraw, first select the single bond tool from the tool palette and click in the main window to draw the line representation of ethane, which is CH3-CH3. Next, to convert it to propane, you can click on one end of the bond; this forms a second bond, extending the chain to CH3-CH2-CH3 .

To add functional groups in ChemDraw, select the text tool and click on the atom where you want to add the functional group. Type in the desired functional group, such as OH. Adding an OH group transforms the atom into an alcohol, as this denotes the addition of a hydroxyl group .

Use either the lasso tool or the marquee tool to select the molecule by surrounding it. For multiple objects, do the same, ensuring the entire desired area is encompassed. Once selected, drag the highlighted content with the mouse to reposition it while keeping the relative arrangements intact .

To modify a single bond to a double bond in ChemDraw, select the bond you wish to convert and click on it with the single bond tool; it will change to a double bond. To revert a double bond back to a single bond, use the eraser tool and click on the bond to erase it, thereby reducing it back to a single bond .

In ChemDraw, select the six-membered ring tool to draw a cyclohexane structure in the main window. Then, select the single bond tool and connect a CH3 group to one of the carbons to convert it to methylcyclohexane. This showcases the modification of the ring structure by adding a methyl group at a specific carbon .

The lasso tool or marquee tool is best suited for selecting and moving complex molecules in ChemDraw. These tools allow for selecting multiple connected components or an entire molecule structure by encompassing them, ensuring the structural integrity is maintained as they are moved together .

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