BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
Pre-Spanish
Era
-Science is embedded in the
way of life of the people.
Scientific Knowledge
Is observed in the way they plant their crops that provide them food
In taking care of animals to help them in their daily tasks, and for food
production.
Science is observed in the way they interpret the movements of
heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climates, and in organizing
days into months and years.
Use science in preparing the soil for agricultural purposes
Discovered the medicinal uses of plants
.
Pre-Spanish Era
Technology
Is used by people in building houses,
irrigations, and in developing tools that
they can use in everyday life.
Developed tools for planting, cooking,
and fishing; for fighting their enemies
during war or tribal conflicts; and for
transportation, both on land and on
waterways.
Also developed technologies in creating
musical instruments.
Metal Age
The sophisticated designs of gold
and silver jewelry, ceramics, and
metal tools proved that their
technological ideas helped in the
development of different tools.
Also trading with China, Indonesia,
Japan, and other nearby countries
have influenced their lives by
providing different opportunities for
cultural and technological exchange.
Spanish Colonial Era
-Spanish colonization of the Philippines brought
with them their own culture and practices.
They established schools for boys and
girls
Introduced the concept of subjects and
disciplines.
It was the beginning of formal science
and technology in the country, known
now as School of Science
and Technology
Spanish Colonial Era
Science
Learning of science in school focuses on understanding different concepts related to the
human body, plants, animals, and heavenly bodies.
Technology
Focuses on using and developing house tools used in everyday life.
Life of the Filipinos during these times slowly became modernized, adapting some
Western technology and their ways of life
Filipinos developed ways to replicate the technology brought by the Spaniards using
indigenous materials.
Medicine and advanced science were introduced in formal colleges and universities
established by the Catholic orders.
Spanish Colonial Era
Galleon Trade
Has brought additional technology and development in
the Philippines. Although it is only beneficial for
the Spaniards, these trades allowed other crops, tools,
cultural practices, technology, and Western
practices to reach the country.
The Philippines, being one of the centers of global trade
in Southeast Asia during that time, was
considered to be one of the most developed places in the
region.
American Period
They established the public school system.
Improved the engineering works.
Improved the health conditions of the
people.
They established a modern research
university, the University of the Philippines.
Created more public hospitals than the
former colonial master.
The mineral resources of the country were
also explored and exploited during the
American Times.
Transportation and communication systems
were improved, though not accessible
throughout the country
In basic Education In higher education
Science education focuses on The teaching of science has also
nature studies and science greatly improved and modernized.
and sanitation, until it became Researches were done to control
a subject formally known as malaria, cholera, and tuberculosis and
“Science”. other tropical diseases
World War II
Reparation funds:
Focused on building some institutions and public facilities like schools,
hospitals, and transportation systems.
The reparation money from Japan was also concentrated on building
highways and in providing technological training and human resource
development in the country.
It has explored the use of ODA or Overseas Development allocations
from different countries to help the country improve its scientific
productivity and technological capability
Human resource development is at the heart of these efforts focusing
on producing more engineers, scientists, technology experts, doctors,
and other professionals in the country.
Internal Influences External Influences
1. Survival DEVELOPMENT OF 1. Foreign Colonizers
2. Culture SCIENCE AND 2. Trades with Foreign
Countries
3. Economic TECHNOLOGY IN THE
3. International
Activities PHILIPPINES Economic Demands
Government Policies on Science
and Technology
Padilla-Concepcion (2015, in response to the ASEAN 2015
Agenda, the government, particularly the Department of Science
and Technology (DOST), has sought the expertise of the National
Research Council of the Philippines (NCRP) to consult various
sectors in the society to study how the Philippines can prepare itself
in meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals. As a result of the consultation,
the NCRP is expected to recommend policies and
programs that will improve the competitiveness of the
Philippines in the ASEAN Region
The NCRP clustered these policies into four
01 Social Sciences, Humanities, Education,
International Policies and Governance
02 Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth
and Space Sciences, and Mathematics
03 Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
04 Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry
Social Sciences, Humanities, Education,
International Policies and Governance
• Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic
education without adding to the
curriculum
• Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue
•Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT
broadband
• Local food security
Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research,
Earth and Space
Sciences, and Mathematic
•Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment
opportunities
•Outright grants for peer monitoring
• Review of R.A. 9184
•Harnessing science and technology as an
independent mover of
development
Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with
ASEAN-harmonized standards by full implementation of the
Food and Drug Administration
•Creating an education council dedicated to
standardization
of pharmaceutical services and care
•Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-
based research as pool of information
•Allocating two percent of the GDP to research
• Legislating a law supporting human genome projects
Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry
• Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full
implementation of existing laws
•Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN
countries
•Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and
indigenous people's
conservation
•Formulation of common food and safety standards
Existing Programs by
Government Through DOST
• Providing funds for basic research and patents related to science and
technology
• Providing scholarships for undergraduate and graduate studies of students in
the field of science and technology
• Establishing more branches of the Philippine Science High School System
• Balik Scientist Program to encourage Filipino scientists abroad to come home
and work in the Philippines
• Developing science and technology parks in academic campuses to encourage
academe and industry partnerships
• The establishment of the National Science Complex and National Engineering
Complex within the University of the Philippines campus in Diliman
Capacity Building Programs
• Establishment of National centers of excellence and development
• Strengthen Science education at the early stage through PSHS or
Phil. Sci Schools
• STEM implementation in K to 12 curricula
• Manpower and institutional development programs
• Science and technology business center (Technopreneurship)
Philippines-California Advanced Research
Institutes (PCARI)
The Commission on Higher Education launched
its Philippine-California Advanced Research
Institutes (PCARI) to allow several higher
education institutions in the philippines and
some US-based laboratories, research institutes,
and universities to work on research and pojects
related to science, agriculture, engineering,
health, and technology. This projec is hoped to
strengthen the STEM competitiveness of the
country.
Fields /Areas for Research and
Development
1. Use alternative and safety energy
2. Harnessing mineral resources
3. Finding cure for various diseases and illness
4. Climate change and global warning
5. Increasing food production
6. Preservation of natural resources
7. Coping with natural disasters and calamities
8. Infrastructure development
Science and Technology
Policies
Programs
Projects
NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SOCIAL
GOALS TREATY FRAMEWORKS NEEDS
ISSUES AND
PROBLEMS
FAMOUS FILIPINO IN THE FILIPINO IN
THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
Ramon Cabanos Barba Josefino Cacas Comiso Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.
known internationally in the
outstanding research works on observing the
field of electrical engineering;
on tissue culture in characteristics of
was elected as officer of the
the philippine Antartica by using
famous Institute of Electrical
mangoes satellite images and Electronic Engineering
FAMOUS FILIPINO IN THE FILIPINO IN
THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
Lourdes Jansuy Cruz Fabian Millar Dayrit Rafael Dineros Guerrero III Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.
notable for her his research on for his for inventing the
research on sea snail herbal research on meconium drugs
venom medicine tilapia culture testing
FAMOUS FILIPINO IN THE FILIPINO IN
THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
Lilian Formalejo Patena Mar-Jo Panganiban Ruiz Gregory Ligot Tangonan
for doing research on fro being an outstanding for his research in the field of
plant biotechnology educator and graph commnications technology
theorist
There are other outstanding Filipino Scientist recognized here and
abroad for their outstanding contribution in science
Caesar Saloma Edgardo Gomez William Padolina Angel Alcala
an famous chemistry and
internationally scientist in president of Marine
renowed marine NAST - Science
physicist science Philippines
Factors that Influence the Development of
Filipino Scientist
