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Class 8 Science: Microorganisms Guide

This document contains multiple choice questions and answers from the NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 on Microorganisms: Friend and Foe. [1] It tests knowledge on different types of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and their role in causing diseases or aiding processes like fermentation. [2] Sample questions include identifying microbes that cause specific diseases in humans, their mode of reproduction and transmission, role of microbes like yeast and uses of antibiotics. [3] The exemplar also includes questions to categorize microbes as friendly or harmful and understand processes like composting and how vaccines work.

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Adiba Shah
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148 views11 pages

Class 8 Science: Microorganisms Guide

This document contains multiple choice questions and answers from the NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 on Microorganisms: Friend and Foe. [1] It tests knowledge on different types of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and their role in causing diseases or aiding processes like fermentation. [2] Sample questions include identifying microbes that cause specific diseases in humans, their mode of reproduction and transmission, role of microbes like yeast and uses of antibiotics. [3] The exemplar also includes questions to categorize microbes as friendly or harmful and understand processes like composting and how vaccines work.

Uploaded by

Adiba Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2

Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following reproduces only inside a host cell?


(a) Bacteria
(b) Virus
(c) Amoeba
(d) Fungus.

Soln:

Answer is (b) Virus

Explanation:

Virus is considered as intermediate between living and non-living. Outside a host virus remains inactive. It can
perform its life processes and reproduction only when it is inside a host cell.

2. A disease in human beings caused by virus is _______.


(a) typhoid
(b) influenza
(c) dysentry
(d) cholera

Soln:

Answer is (b) influenza

Explanation:

Typhoid is caused by bacteria Salmonella typhoid.

Dysentry is caused by amoeba which is a protozoan.

Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholera bacteria.

3. Pathogenic micro-organisms present in host cells are killed by medicines called


(a) pain killer
(b) antibodies
(c) antibiotics
(d) vaccines

Soln:

Answer is (b) antibiotics


NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2
Microorganisms: Friend and Foe
Explanation:

 Pain Killers gives relief from pain.

 Antibodies are produced by our immune system which acts and elicit a specific immune reaction.

 Antibiotics that inhibit or kill certain bacteria.

 Vaccines provides acquired immunity against a particular disease.

4. The two micro-organisms which live in symbiotic association in lichens are


(a) fungus and protozoa
(b) alga and bacteria
(c) bacteria and protozoa
(d) alga and fungus

Soln:

Answer is (d) alga and fungus

5. The gas released during the preparation of bread is


(a) oxygen
(b) carbon dioxide
(c) nitrogen
(d) sulphur dioxide

Soln:

Answer is (b) carbon dioxide

Explanation:

Carbon-di-oxide is released due to fermentation process conducted by yeast. CO2 causes risening of dough and
makes the bread fluffy.

6. The disease caused by a protozoan and spread by an insect is _________.


(a) dengue
(b) malaria
(c) polio
(d) measles

Soln:

Answer is (b) malaria


NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2
Microorganisms: Friend and Foe
Explanation:

Malaria is caused by protozoan named Plasmodium vivax which is transmitted by mosquitos. Other options are
viral diseases hence they are wrong answers.

7. Paheli dug two pits, A and B, in her garden. In pit A, she put a polyhtene bag packed with some
agricultural waste. In pit B, she dumped the same kind of waste but without packing it in a polythene bag.
She, then covered both the pits with soil. What did she observe after a month?
(a) Waste in pit A degraded faster than that in pit B.
(b) Waste in pit B degraded faster than that in pit A.
c) Waste in both pits degraded almost equally.
(d) Waste in both pits did not degrade at all.

Soln:

Answer is (b) Waste in pit B degraded faster than that in pit A.

Explanation:

Waste in pit B degrades faster than waste in pit A because Polythene in pit B is open and receives oxygen for
composting whereas polythene in closed in pit A and organisms don’t receive oxygen to compost the waste
material in the polythene bag.

Very Short Answer Questions

8. Unscramble the jumbled words underlined in the following statements.


(a) Cells of our body produce santiidobe to fight pathogens.
(b) curbossulite is an air-borne disease caused by a bacterium.
(c) Xanrhat is a dangerous bacterial disease.
(d) Yeasts are used in the wine industry because of their property of meronettinaf.

Soln:

a) Antibodies
b) Tubeculosis
c) Anthrax
d) Fermentation
NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2
Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

9. Suggest a suitable word for each of the following statements.


(a) Chemicals added to food to prevent growth of microorganisms.
(b) Nitrogen-fixing microorganism present in the root nodules of legumes.
(c) Agent which spreads pathogens from one place to another.
(d) Chemicals which kill or stop the growth of pathogens.

Soln:

a) Preservatives
b) Rhizobium
c) Carrier/ vector
d) Antibiotics

10. Match the names of scientists given in Column A with the discovery made by them given in Column B.

Column A Column B
(a) Louis Pasteur (i) Penicillin
(b) Robert Koch (ii) anthrax bacterium
(c) Edward Jenner (iii) Fermentation
(d) Alexander Fleming (iv) small pox vaccine
(v) Typhoid

Soln:

Column A Column B
(a) Louis Pasteur (iii) Fermentation
(b) Robert Koch (ii) anthrax bacterium
(c) Edward Jenner (iv) small pox vaccine
(d) Alexander Fleming (i) Penicillin

11. Name one commercial use of yeast

Soln:

Yeast is used in making breads and they are used in fermentation of alcohol.

12. Name the process in yeast that converts sugars into alcohol.

Soln:

Fermentation is the process in yeast that converts sugars into alcohol.


NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2
Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

13. In the soil, which nutrient is enriched by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)?

Soln:

Blue-green-algae enriches Nitrogen in the soil.

14. Why should we avoid standing close to a tuberculosis patient while he/she is coughing?

Soln:

Tuberculosis can spreads through air when the infected person coughs. Hence we we avoid standing close to a
tuberculosis patient while he/she is coughing.

15. Polio drops are not given to children suffering from diarrhoea. Why?

Soln:

If the children is suffering from diarrhea oral polio drops will get excreted due to frequent motions. Hence
children with diarrhea are not given with polio drops.

16. Paheli watched her grandmother making mango pickle. After she bottled the pickle, her grand mother
poured oil on top of the pickle before closing the lid. Paheli wanted to know why oil was poured? Can you
help her understand why?

Soln:

Oils prevent attack of bacteria which will help preserve the pickle for a long period of time.

Short Answer Questions

17. Match the microorganisms given in the Column A to the group to which they belong in Column B.

Column A Column B
(a) Lactobacillus (i) Algae
(b) Aspergillus (ii) Protozoa
(c) Spirogyra (iii) Fungi
(d) Paramecium (iv) Bacteria

Soln:

Column A Column B
(a) Lactobacillus (iv) Bacteria
(b) Aspergillus (iii) Fungi
(c) Spirogyra (i) Algae
(d) Paramecium (ii) Protozoa
NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2
Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

18. Classify the following into friendly and harmful microorganisms.

Yeast, malarial parasite, Lactobacillus, bread mould, Rhizobium, Bacillus anthracis

Soln:

Friendly Harmul Microorganisms

Yeast malarial parasite


Lactobacillus bread mould
Rhizobium Bacillus anthracis

19. While returning from the school, Boojho ate chaat from a street hawker. When he reached home, he
felt ill and complained of stomach ache and fell ill. What could be the reason?

Soln:

The probable reason is that the chaat was contaminated by pathogenic microbes due to unhygienic conditions near
the shop or the utensil used for serving could have contaminated.

The reason may be the contamination of food by pathogenic microbes. Contamination may be due to the
unhygienic conditions near the shop or the utensil used to serve the chaat.

20. What will happen to ‘pooris’ and ‘unused kneaded flour’ if they are left in the open for a day or two?

Soln:

Pooris and unused kneaded flour get spoiled due to microbial activity. Food gets fermented when kept open and it
will be spoiled.

21. (a) Name two diseases that are caused by virus.


(b) Write one important characteristic of virus.

Soln:

a) Polio, HIV
b) Virus can reproduce only when it is inside the host cell.
NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2
Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

Long Answer Questions

22. Observe the Fig.2.1 and answer the questions that follows.

(a) Write the name of the disease.


(b) Name the causative agent of this disease?
(c) How does the disease spread from one plant to another?
(d) Name any two plant diseases and the microbes that cause them.

Soln:

a) Yellow vein mosaic of lady’s finger/okra


b) This disease is caused by a virus called Yellow vein mosaic virus.
c) This disease spread from one plant to other by insects.
d) (i) Citrus canker caused by bacteria (ii) Rust of wheat caused by fungus

23. How do vaccines work?

Soln:

When a disease-carrying microbe enters our body, the body produces antibodies to fight the invader. The body
also remembers how to fight the microbe if it enters again. If dead or weakened microbes are introduced into a
healthy body, the body fights and kills the invading bacteria by producing suitable antibodies. The antibodies
remain in the body and we are protected from the disease-causing microbes for ever. This is how a vaccine works.
NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2
Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

24. Observe the set up given in Fig. 2.2 and answer the following questions.
(a) What happens to the sugar solution in A?
(b) Which gas is released in A?
(c) What changes will you observe in B when the released gas passes through it?

Soln:

a) Yeast ferments sugar to convert it to alcohol and carbon-di-oxide is released.

b) Carbon-di-oxide

c) CO2 Coverts limewater milky.


NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2
Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

25. Observe the Fig.2.3 and answer the following questions.

(a) Name the microorganism and the group to which it belongs.


(b) Name the food item on which the organism grows.
(c) Does it grow well in dry or in moist conditions?
(d) Is it safe to eat infected bread?

Soln:

a) The images is of bread mould. It is a fungus

b) It grows on moist and stale bread

c) It grows well in moist conditions

d) No, Its not safe to eat infected bread because fungus produces poisonous substance which will spoil the food.
NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2
Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

26. Give reasons for the following.


(a) Fresh milk is boiled before consumption while processed milk stored in packets can be consumed
without boiling.
(b) Raw vegetables and fruits are kept in refrigerators whereas jams and pickles can be kept outside.
(c) Farmers prefer to grow beans and peas in nitrogen deficient soils.
(d) Mosquitoes can be controlled by preventing stagnation of water though they do not live in water. Why?

Soln:

a) Fresh milk is boiled to kill the harmful microorganisms in the milk. Packed milk is pasteurized hence there is
no need to boil the pasteurized milk.
b)Raw vegetables easily get infected by microbes. Hence they are kept in refrigerator as low temperature inhibits

the growth of micro-organisms. In Jams and pickle there are sugar and salt which acts as preservatives. Hence
they do not get infected easily.

c) Beans and peas are leguminous plants which have Rhizobium in their root nodules. Rhizobium fixes
atmospheric Nitrogen to enrich the soil and its fertility gets increases.
d) Though mosquitos does not live in water. But they their egg and their larvae grow in water. Hence mosquitoes
can be controlled by preventing stagnation of water.

27. How can we prevent the following diseases?


(a) Cholera
(b) Typhoid
(c) Hepatitis A

Soln:

a) Cholera can be prevented by following good personal hygiene and sanitation practices.
b) Typhoid can be prevented by eating properly cooked food, by drinking boiled water and by getting vaccinated
against typhoid disease.
c) Hepatitis can be prevented by drinking boiled water and by getting vaccinated.
NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 2
Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

28. Complete the following cycle given as Fig. 2.4 by filling the blanks (a), (b), (c) (d)

Soln:

(a) Lightning fixes nitrogen.


(b) Nitrogen fixing bacteria and blue green algae fix atmospheric nitrogen.
(c) Nitrogeneous waste from excretion and death.
(d) Bacteria turn compounds of nitrogen into gaseous nitrogen.

Common questions

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Influenza, a viral disease, is transmitted through respiratory droplets and requires antiviral medication and supportive care, focusing on symptom relief and reducing virus spread. In contrast, cholera, a bacterial disease, is transmitted via contaminated water and food, primarily treated with rehydration solutions and antibiotics to kill the bacteria. These differences underscore the need for distinct treatment strategies due to the fundamental biological differences between viruses and bacteria .

Yeast undergoes fermentation, converting sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. In anaerobic conditions, yeast cells break down glucose via glycolysis, leading to pyruvate, which is then converted into ethanol and CO2. This CO2 production is exploited industrially in baking to make dough rise and in brewing to carbonate beverages. The process reflects yeast's ability to efficiently ferment sugar, which has been harnessed for its economic benefits in these industries .

Composting waste in pits reduces landfill use and contributes to soil nutrient enrichment. Oxygen availability is crucial as it accelerates aerobic microbial activity, enhancing the decomposition process. In an aerobic environment, microorganisms break down organic waste into humus, releasing nutrients beneficial for soil health. This process decreases methane emissions compared to anaerobic decomposition in landfills, offering significant environmental benefits .

During bread fermentation, yeast converts sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol. The CO2 gas is trapped in the dough by the gluten network, causing it to expand and rise. This expansion creates air pockets within the dough, resulting in a light and airy texture. The process is essential in baking as it determines the bread's final texture and volume, contributing to its palatability and appearance .

Cholera prevention focuses on hygiene and sanitation practices, reflecting its transmission through contaminated water and food. Typhoid prevention involves consuming cooked food, drinking boiled water, and vaccination, indicating transmission through contaminated food, water, and direct person-to-person contact. Hepatitis A prevention emphasizes drinking boiled water and vaccination, also pointing to transmission through ingestion of contaminated water and food. These measures highlight the importance of water quality and hygiene in controlling these diseases .

In lichens, a symbiotic relationship exists between fungi and algae. The fungus provides a protective environment and absorbs moisture and nutrients, while the algae conduct photosynthesis to create food. This relationship is significant as lichens can colonize harsh environments, contributing to soil formation and providing a food source for other organisms. They play a critical role in ecosystems by stabilizing soil and facilitating colonization by other plant species .

Rhizobium bacteria form symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, facilitating atmospheric nitrogen fixation into a usable form for the plant. This enriches soil nitrogen levels, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers, and improving soil fertility and crop yield. Consequently, the use of Rhizobium bacteria in the cultivation of legumes like beans and peas is a sustainable farming practice that enhances soil health and reduces environmental impact by minimizing fertilizer application .

Mosaic diseases in plants, such as yellow vein mosaic in okra, reduce plant growth and yield. These diseases spread via insect vectors, leading to widespread agricultural losses. Strategies for managing their spread include using resistant plant varieties, controlling insect vectors with integrated pest management, and practicing crop rotation to break the disease cycle. Understanding and implementing these strategies is critical to safeguarding crop production and ensuring food security .

Vaccines use dead or weakened microbes to safely introduce the body's immune system to the disease-causing agent without causing the disease. When these microbes are introduced into the body, the immune system recognizes them as foreign invaders and produces antibodies to fight them. This process mimics an actual infection, which trains the immune system to remember the microbe. If the individual is exposed to the disease in the future, their body can quickly recognize and fight off the infection with the antibodies produced during vaccination, providing immunity .

Preservatives are chemicals added to food to extend shelf life by preventing spoilage and contamination caused by microorganisms like bacteria, molds, and yeasts. They inhibit the growth and reproduction of these microorganisms, preventing chemical changes in food that lead to spoilage. By maintaining the safety and quality of food over time, preservatives help prevent foodborne illnesses and reduce waste, making them crucial in the food industry .

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