SHAMA SCHOOL OF BULACAN
Caingin Rd. Meywoods Subd. Lawa
City of Meycauayan Bulacan
SCIENCE 6
(Module)
NAME: ____________________________________________
Grade: ____________Section: _______________________
Teacher: __________________________________________
LESSON 4: Separating Mixtures
Objectives: In this lesson, the learners should be able to:
How can you separate mixtures?
How will you know which separation technique to use for a given mixture?
In what instances is separating mixtures needed
EXPLANATION:
There are many ways by which the components of a mixture can be separated. These
separation techniques depend on the properties of the substances combined.
The following are some of the techniques that you can use to separate the components of certain
kinds of mixture. Try to explore these techniques using mixtures available in your home.
1. Manual Separation
This technique involves the use of your hands
to separate the components of the mixture manually.
For example, when you coop out a spoonful of a
mixture of sand and pebbles, you can distinguish the
two components of the mixture. By using your hand,
you can pick out the pebbles from the mixtures until
only the sand is left. A mixture of nuts can also be separated using this technique. However, this
technique is applicable only for dry mixtures with components of size perceivable by the naked
eye or for mixtures consisting of liquid and distinguishable solid components.
2. Using Magnet
In this technique, you can separate components with metallic
properties from a mixture by using a magnet. For example, for a
mixture of table sugar and iron fillings, you can use a magnet to
separate the iron filings form the mixture.
Iron is a magnetic substance and is attracted by magnets.
When metallic sugar, a magnet may be used to separate them.
3. Using a Sieve
You can also use a sieve to separate the
components of a mixture. A sieve is a utensil which is
usually made of wire or plastic mesh held in a metal frame.
It is often used to separate particles of different sizes. A
specialized kind of sieve called a strainer is used to
separate solids from liquids. An example of a mixture
which can be separated is a mixture of soybeans and flour.
You do this by pouring the mixture into a sieve before shaking the sieve sideward to allow the
flour to pass through the sieve, leaving only the soybeans behind.
4. Filtration
This technique uses a filter to separate the components of a mixture such as a mixture of
water and baking soda. You can make your own filter by cutting the top part of a plastic bottle or
rolling a piece of filter paper into the shape of a cone.
A filter is a device with tiny openings through which a liquid or gas is passed to removed solid
particles can. This is why filtration is used to separate insoluble solid from liquid. The insoluble
solid, called residue, is left in the filter paper, and the liquid filtrate, called filtrate, is collected in
t the container. The picture shows a liquid being filtered from a mixture of water and baking
soda.
5. Decantation
You can also use decantation to separate the components of a mixture. Decantation is a method
of removing rust, dirt, sand and other particles from liquid. The heavier layer with these particles
is settled first to separate it from the lighter layer. Decantation can be used in separating mixtures
such as gravel and water. Place some gravel into a cup. Then add water. Once the gravel has
settled, pour the water into another cup.
6. Chromatography
Chromatography is the technique that involves passing a mixture in a solution or
suspension through a material that absorbs the components differently. For example, you can
separate components of different food dyes by using the molecular interactions of each color
with water. You put spots of different color dyes on filter paper and dip the paper in water to the
filter paper, makes the water travel to the filter paper, makes the water travel up the paper slowly
and dissolves the different color dyes. The dissolved food dyes travel up the paper and separate
into different components. Some of the components stick more to the paper and travel more
slowly than the others. Thus, you will see that there are different colors spread out from each of
the original food dyes.
Chromatography has applications in forensic science and pollution monitoring, and is widely
used in studying and producing complex mixtures as food, perfume, and medicines.
7. Using Heat
Other separation techniques, such as evaporation, crystallization, and distillation, use
heating. In evaporation, the solution is heated until all the water evaporates and only the
dissolved substance is left. This technique is sued in making salt. In crystallization, a solution is
heated until it is saturated. A saturated solution contains more of the dissolved material than can
be dissolved by the solvent. It is then left to crystallize. This is what happened when you formed
salt crystals in the previous activity. In distillation, the mixture is heated to reach the boiling
point of one component. Once this happens, the component evaporates and is collected. The
distillation of water, for examples, involves the heating of water until it evaporates and separates
from impurities. The water vapour is then cooled to condense and collected as distilled water.
Mixture can be separated into their different components using your hand, a magnet,
or sieve.
Other separation techniques include filtration, decantation, chromatography and the
use of heat in evaporation, crystallization and distillation.
Water is naturally filtered by wetlands and soil.
A water purifier, coffee maker, centrifuge, and magnetic separator are some
equipment that are used to separate mixtures.
Oil refineries and perfumeries use distillation to create products such as gasoline,
diesel, and perfume.
EVALUATE
Write TRUE is the sentence is correct. If not, change the underlines word and write your
answer on the line.
______________1. Matter is made up of tiny particles called molecules.
______________2. When you mix juice powder in water, you form a suspension.
______________3. In a mixture, substances keep or retain their chemical properties.
______________4. Soap suds, mayonnaise and jellies are examples of solutions.
______________5. The simplest way to form a mixture is by pounding two substances together.
______________6. Solids that do not dissolve at all in any liquid is called insoluble.
_______________7. A homogenous substance has more than one phase.
______________8. A solute is the material being dissolved.
______________9. Kerosene is the universal solvent.
______________10. An Aerosol is a jellylike colloid.