Gender Differences in Academic Performance: A Comparison on General Averages of

STEM Students in Our Lady of Fatima University

(A Quantitative Study)

Marcela Eunice Leal

Denise Erin Andres

Kian Benedict Neri

Blessy Montemayor

Nina Aleesa Muzones

John Benedict Ulanday

Alicia Gwenth Valencia

Joriel Ann Ventura

Our Lady of Fatima University–Antipolo Campus

Ms. Princess Joy Bogambal

May 17, 2023

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 This study would not have been possible without the participation and support of so many

people whose names may not all be enumerated. Their efforts are deeply appreciated and

recognized. However, the group would like to convey their heartfelt gratitude and thanks to the

following individuals:

Ms. Princess Joy Bogambal, for her unending help, kindness, and understanding

throughout our study presentation.

To all relatives and friends, who shared their support, either morally, financially, or

physically, thank you.

Above all, thanks to the Great Almighty, the source of all knowledge and wisdom, for his

unending love.

We thank you.

STEM 11-3P Group 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgment 2

Table of Contents 3

Introduction of statistical treatment to be used 5

Problem 6

Background of the Problem 6

Steps in Hypothesis Testing 7

State the Null and Alternative Hypothesis 7

Select the Level of Significance 7

Determine the Critical Value and Rejection Region 7

Table of values Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation 8

Interpretation of Table of Values 9

State the Decision Rule 9

Compute for the Test Statistics 9

Decision making 9

Conclusion 10

Appendix A 11

Presentation of collected data 11

Appendix B 14

Computations 14

Mean, Variance and Standard Deviation 16

Statistical Treatment 17

Appendix C 18
 Documentation 18

Appendix D 19

Curriculum Vitae 19

INTRODUCTION OF STATISTICAL TREATMENT

 The independent t-test is a statistical method used to analyze the comparison of two

independent groups. The independent t-test compares the means of two independent groups to

test whether the means of related populations are significantly different. For example, you could

use an independent t-test to determine whether first-year graduate earnings differed by gender

(ie, your dependent variable would be "first-year graduate earnings" and your independent

variable would be "gender" with two groups: "male vs. female").

𝑥1: Mean for Group 1 𝑥2: Mean for Group 2

𝑠1: Standard Deviation for Group 1 𝑠2: Standard Deviation for Group 2

𝑛1: Number of sample or data for Group 1 𝑛2: Number of sample or data for Group 2

EXAMPLES:

● Do individuals who enroll in the SAT prep course perform better on the test than those

who don't?

● Is there a gender-based difference in income?

PROBLEM
Background of the Problem

Using a mixed-methods research design, this study compares the academic performance

of the STEM male and female students at Our Lady of Fatima University. The factors

contributing to gender differences in academic performance at the two levels of the educational

ladder were also explored. Overall, the results show that the academic performance of males was

better than females at the senior high school level, while at the tertiary level, the academic

performance of females appeared to have improved relative to that of males. The efficacy of this

research is to determine the significant difference by recording and listing the first semester

grades of STEM students, both female and male, studying at Our Lady of Fatima University. To

see if males have higher grades than females or females have higher grades than males, this

research will be conducted by surveying STEM students at Our Lady of Fatima University. The

researcher will be able to distinguish the difference between both genders based on their

academic performance at Our Lady of Fatima University.

Problem

The researchers wanted to see if there is a significant difference in academic performance

between male and female STEM students. To perform the study, the researchers gathered their

first semester general averages, and the findings are displayed below. This test used a 5% level of

significance.

female 96 95 95 96 92 95 96 97 96 93

male 96 89 90 92 90 92 92 94 95 87

Example 1
 Prove the hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the grades of STEM

female and male students with a 95% level of significance.

Mean 1 Mean 2

95.1 91.7

Standard Deviation 1 Standard Deviation 2

1. 52388392675 2. 83881822047

N₁ N₂

10 10

State the Null and Alternative Hypothesis

Hₒ: There is no significant difference in academic performance between male and female

STEM students.

Hₐ: There is a significant difference in academic performance between male and female

STEM students.

Level of significance

𝑎 = 0. 05 𝑜𝑟 5% Two-tailed test

Critical Value and Rejection Region

𝑎 = 0. 05 𝑜𝑟 5% Df = 18

𝑛 = 20 CV = ± 2.101

𝐷𝑓 (Degrees of Freedom) = 𝑛₁ + 𝑛₂ - 2
 Critical Values of t-Distribution

One-Tailed

0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.1

Two-Tailed

Degrees of Freedom 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2

18 2.878 2.552 2.101 1.734 1.33

Table of values mean, variance and standard deviation

FEMALE MALE

MEAN (𝑋) 95.1 91.7

VARIANCE (S²) 2.32222222222 8.05888888889

STANDARD DEVIATION (S) 1.52388392675 2. 83881822047

Interpretation

Male STEM students have a mean of 91.7 and a standard deviation of 2. 83881822047

While female STEM students had a mean of 95.1 and a standard deviation of 1. 52388392675.

The computed value is ± 2.101 which falls on the rejection area.

Decision Rule

If the calculated t-value is greater than the critical t-value, reject the null hypothesis but if

the calculated t-value is less than the critical t-value, it fails to reject the null hypothesis.

Compute for the test statistics: Independent T-test Computation

95.1 − 91.7
𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑑 = (10 − 1)(1.52388392675)²+(10 − 1)(2.83881822047)² 1 1
⎡ ⎤⎡ 10 + ⎤
⎣ 10 + 10 − 2 ⎦⎣ 10 ⎦

𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑑 = ± 5. 1905555554 𝑜𝑟 ± 5. 19

Decision making

Reject the Null Hypothesis.

Conclusion

Given that the t-value, tind = 5.19, falls within the rejection region, the null hypothesis

can be rejected. Consequently, it can be concluded that there exists a significant difference

between the overall means of STEM males and females.

APPENDIX A

1. Presentation of collected data

OVERALL VIEW OF DATA

Table 1.1

1st Grading Averages Number of Male STEM Students with identical corresponding averages

86 1

88 1

89 1

90 3

92 1

93 1

95 1

96 1

Table 1.2

2nd Grading Averages Number of Male STEM Students with identical corresponding averages

88 1

89 1

90 2

92 1

93 1

94 1

95 2

96 1
Table 1.3

1st Grading Averages Number of Female STEM Students with identical corresponding averages

91 1

92 1

94 2

95 3

96 3

Table 1.4

2nd Grading Averages Number of Female STEM Students with identical corresponding averages

93 2

95 2

96 5

98 1

APPENDIX B

a. Computations

1. Computation for Independent T-test

95.1 − 91.7
𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑑 = (10 − 1)(1.52388392675)²+(10 − 1)(2.83881822047)² 1 1
⎡ ⎤⎡ 10 + ⎤
⎣ 10 + 10 − 2 ⎦⎣ 10 ⎦
𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑑 = ± 5. 1905555554 𝑜𝑟 ± 5. 19

2. Computations for Mean

Female

96 + 95 + 95 + 96 + 92 + 95 + 96 + 97 + 96 + 93
10
= 95. 1

Male

96 + 89 + 90 + 92 + 90 + 92 + 92 + 94 + 95 + 87
10
= 91. 7

3. Computations for Variance

Female

(96 − 95. 1)², (95 − 95. 1)², (95 − 95. 1)², (96 − 95. 1)², (92 − 95. 1)²

(95 − 95. 1)², (96 − 95. 1)², (97 − 95. 1)², (96 − 95. 1)², (93 − 95. 1)²

0. 81 + 0. 1 + 0. 1 + 0. 81 + 9. 61 + 0. 1 + 0. 81 + 3. 61 + 0. 81 + 4. 41 = 20. 09

20.09
10−1
= 2. 32222222222

Male

(96 − 91. 7)², (89 − 91. 7)², (90 − 91. 7)², (92 − 91. 7)², (90 − 91. 7)²

(92 − 91. 7)², (92 − 91. 7)², (94 − 91. 7)², (95 − 91. 7)², (87 − 91. 7)²

18. 49 + 7. 29 + 2. 89 + 0. 09 + 2. 89 + 0. 9 + 0. 9 + 5. 29 + 10. 89 + 22. 09 = 72. 53

72.53
10−1
= 8. 05888888889

4. Computations for Standard Deviation

Female: 2. 32222222222 = 1. 52388392675

Male: 8. 05888888889 = 2. 83881822047

5. Computations for Degrees of Freedom

𝑑𝑓 = 10 + 10 − 2 = 18

b. Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation

GIRLS

𝑥 𝑥 −𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)² 𝑥 = 95. 1

96 0. 9 0. 81 Σ(𝑥 − 𝑥)² = 20.9

95 − 0. 1 0. 01 𝑠² = 2.32222222222

95 − 0. 1 0. 01 𝑠 = 1. 52388392675

96 0. 9 0. 81

92 − 3. 1 9. 61

95 − 0. 1 0. 01

96 0. 9 0. 81

97 1. 9 3. 61

96 0. 9 0. 81

93 − 2. 1 4. 41

BOYS

𝑥 𝑥 −𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)² 𝑥 = 91.7

96 4. 3 18.49 Σ(𝑥 − 𝑥)² = 72.53

89 − 2. 7 7.29 𝑠² = 8.05888888889

90 − 1. 7 2.89 𝑠 = 2. 83881822047

92 0. 3 0.9

90 − 1. 7 2.89

92 0.3 0.9
 92 0.3 0.9

94 2.3 5.29

95 3.3 10.89

87 − 4. 7 22.09

c. Statistical Treatment

The statistical analysis conducted on two distinct groups will involve the application of

an independent t-test. This particular statistical test will enable us to evaluate and identify any

significant differences that may exist between the academic performances exhibited by the two

groups. By employing the independent t-test, it will allow us to gain a comprehensive

understanding of the divergent academic performances exhibited by the two unique sets of

individuals or groups under study.

APPENDIX C

Documentation
 CURRICULUM VITAE

LEAL, Marcela Eunice B.

B16 L23 Washington St. Duraville Homes Phase 2
Angono, Rizal
+63 9673407673
mbleal0149ant@[Link]

PERSONAL DATA

Nickname : Marcela

Age : 17

Gender : Female

Civil Status : Single

Birth date : July 20, 2005

Birth place : Antipolo, Rizal

Religion : Catholic

Nationality : Filipino

Language/Dialect/s : Tagalog/English

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary 2022–Present Our Lady of Fatima University

2018–2022 Sumulong Memorial High School

Primary 2013–2018 Lady of the Rosary School

MUZONES, Nina Aleesa Y.
Block 10 Lot 1 Daisy St. Santana Village
San Luis, Antipolo City
+63 9952382700
nymuzones7793ant@[Link]

PERSONAL DATA

Nickname : Nina

Age : 16

Gender : Female

Civil Status : Single

Birth date : May 30, 2006

Birth place : Tanay, Rizal

Religion : Catholic

Nationality : Filipino

Language/Dialect/s : Tagalog/English

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary 2022–Present Our Lady of Fatima University

2018–2022 College of San Benildo-Rizal

Primary 2013–2018 Marcelli School of Antipolo

ANDRES, Denise Erin C,
Lot 10, Cluster B, Bagong Nayon 1, Cogeo
Antipolo City, Rizal
+63 9167239057
dcandres2323ant@[Link]

PERSONAL DATA

Nickname : Erin

Age : 18

Gender : Female

Civil Status : Single

Birth date : December 28, 2004

Birth place : Antipolo, Rizal

Religion : Catholic

Nationality : Filipino

Language/Dialect/s : Tagalog/English

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary 2022–Present Our Lady of Fatima University

2018–2022 Infant Jesus Academy Antipolo

Primary 2013–2018 Infant Jesus Academy Antipolo

ULANDAY, John Benedict I.
Km. 23 Sumulong Highway Brgy. Santa Cruz,
Antipolo, Rizal
+63 9164021136
jiulanday4119ant@[Link]

PERSONAL DATA

Nickname : JB

Age : 17

Gender : Male

Civil Status : Single

Birth date : July 25, 2005

Birth place : Antipolo, Rizal

Religion : Catholic

Nationality : Filipino

Language/Dialect/s : Tagalog/English

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary 2022–Present Our Lady of Fatima University

2017–2020 Sumulong Memorial High School

Primary 2011–2016 Childrens’ Learning Center

MONTEMAYOR, Blessy S.
Block 2 Lot 2 Fe Royale Subd. Brgy. Gulod Malaya,
San Mateo, Rizal
+63 9673360106
bsmontemayor0247ant@[Link]

PERSONAL DATA

Nickname : Bless

Age : 17

Gender : Female

Civil Status : Single

Birth date : October 24, 2005

Birth place : San Mateo, Rizal

Religion : Catholic

Nationality : Filipino

Language/Dialect/s : Tagalog/English

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary 2022–Present Our Lady of Fatima University

2018–2022 St. Scholastica’s Academy Marikina

Primary 2012–2018 Valeriano E. Fugoso Memorial

Elementary School
VALENCIA, Alicia Gwenth V,
11 Vista Nila Homes, Azucena St,
Marikina, Metro Manila
+63 9685597823
avvalencia4122@[Link]

PERSONAL DATA

Nickname : Noah

Age : 18

Gender : Female

Civil Status : Single

Birth date : January 29, 2005

Birth place : Marikina City, Metro Manila

Religion : Born Again

Nationality : Filipino

Language/Dialect/s : Tagalog/English

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary 2022–Present Our Lady of Fatima University

2018–2022 Marikina Christian Integrated School

Primary 2013–2018 FEU Roosevelt Marikina

VENTURA, Joriel Ann V.
132 Talisay St., Doña Pepeng Subd. Burgos,
Rodriguez Rizal
+63 9606125207
jvventura3457ant@[Link]

PERSONAL DATA

Nickname : Yel

Age : 17

Gender : Female

Civil Status : Single

Birth date : January 4, 2006

Birth place : Montalban, Rizal

Religion : Catholic

Nationality : Filipino

Language/Dialect/s : Tagalog/English

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary 2022–Present Our Lady of Fatima University

2018–2022 Burgos National High School

Primary 2013–2018 Sta. Cecilia Parochial School

NERI, Kian Benedict G.
13b F. Asuncion St. Brgy Dela paz, Antipolo City
+63 9167532634
kgneri0567ant@[Link]

PERSONAL DATA

Nickname : None

Age : 18

Gender : Male

Civil Status : Single

Birth date : May 4, 2005

Birth place : Antipolo, Rizal

Religion : Catholic

Nationality : Filipino

Language/Dialect/s : Tagalog/English

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary 2022–Present Our Lady of Fatima University

2018–2021 Sumulong Memorial High School

Primary 2012–2017 Lores Elementary School