IMS

By Waleed Mohamad
Introduction
outlines

introduction to NGN
▪ Circuit switching and packet switching networks
▪ What is IMS
▪ Why do we need IMS
▪ New services in fixed and mobile networks added by IMS
IMS Architecture
• Introduction to IMS architecture
• Call Session Control Function CSCF
• Proxy call session control function P-CSCF
• Interrogating Call Session Control Function I-CSCF
• Serving Call Session Control Function S-CSCF
outlines

▪ Home Subscriber Server HSS

o Classic mode HSS
o Front End HSS
o IMS Central Unit Data Base CUDB
o Multiple HSS networks
✓ Practical login to HSS and checking local and international
roaming profiles
▪ Session Boarder Gateway SBG
▪ IP Works IPW
▪ Application server ( MTAS)
▪ Ericsson Support Systems
outlines

IMS call scenario

▪ IMS Registration scenario
▪ Unauthorized registration scenario
▪ International roaming call scenario
▪ Multiple HSS scenario
▪ End user call scenario
▪ International Roaming End-End call scenario
✓ Practical national roaming solution between WE and
Etisalat

✓ IMS network troubleshooting

✓ practical network incidents and solutions
8
IP
Internetwork

• IP is connectionless.
• IP provides multiple paths from source to destination.
 ▪ Packet loss
• Loss of packets severely degrades the voice application.
▪ Delay
Loss, Delay, and
• VoIP typically tolerates delays up to 150 ms before the quality of the
Jittercall degrades.
▪ Jitter
• Instantaneous buffer use causes delay variation in the same voice
stream.
Reordering of Packets

• IP assumes packet-ordering problems.

• RTP reorders packets.
▪ 3GPP Release 5 introduced the IMS as part of 3GPP
specifications

▪IMS Definition
The IMS is supposed to be a standardized access-independent
IP-based architecture that interworks with existing voice and
data networks for both fixed (e.g., PSTN, Internet) and mobile
(e.g., GSM, WCDMA) users
▪ IMS is an architecture, it is not a protocol.

▪ Open-systems architecture that supports a range of IP-

based services over both Private and Carrier networks,
What is IMS?
employing both wireless and fixed access technologies.

▪ IMS is defined by 3GPP.

13
IMS is…
• IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is an architecture for offering
multimedia services on the packet domain.

• IMS is not a service, but a service enabler

• IMS gives Service control by introducing service signalling
• IMS gives Convergence of all media communications on to the packet network.
Basic Principles

▪ Access Independence

▪ Different Network Architectures

▪ Terminal and user mobility

▪ Extensive IP-based services

15
IMS Building Blocks

1. An all-IP Core Network (CN)

2. An all-IP Radio Access network (RAN)

3. Multimedia call control based on SIP

4. Quality of Service (QoS) support for IP

16
S Services
Service 2 Service 2
Service 1 Service 1
Operator 1 Operator 3

Service 2
Service 1

Operator 2
ices
Service 2 Service 2
Service 1 Service 1
Operator 1 Operator 3

Service 2
Service 1

Operator 2
ices
Introduction
The need for IMS
Why do we need IMS
IMS Services

Packet
Mobile
Network

IMS
IP Network
(e.g., over DSL) Application
Servers 802.11/802.16
HSS Access

OSA-GW
IP Network
(e.g., Enterprise)
Softswitch
Media
Gateway Circuit
Mobile
Network
IP Network
(e.g., over Cable)

Circuit
Switched
Network

IAD
hitecture
SIP Application
SIP Application Servers
Servers
HSS
IMS MRF
I-CSCF

P-CSCF MGCF
CDMA 2000 S-CSCF

MGW

MSC(Server)
RNC SGSN Corporate
GGSN

BSC
CN
UMTS/GPRS MGW

WLAN
Virtual PBX service

IMS based Virtual PBX

platform

Traditional switch

High cost
on PBX

VPN

IAD
PBX

Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4

Completion of Communications on Condition Service

1. Completion of Communications to Busy Subscriber

1 2 3

A calls B who is busy A activates the CCBS When B becomes idle

on a call. service ATS initiates call to A. A answer.
ATS initiates call to B. A calls B

A B
2. Completion of Communications by No Reply

1 2 3 4

A calls B who does A activates the B makes or receive When B becomes idle
not answer the CCNR service a call ATS initiates call to A. A answer.
call. ATS initiates call to B. A calls B

A B
One Number: never miss a business call again

Sequential ring
Office Mobile
Home
Voice Mail

Simultaneous ring Intelligent route

Office
Home

Mobile

Mobile
Home
Office

⚫ Supports simultaneous, sequential ringing and priority alerting on criteria with time, date and the caller
⚫ One Number Links You , protects private numbers and prevents loss of customers due to resignation of
employees
Typical Trends in Today’s Network

TDM → IP
IP is the foundation for full service which enable the
Telecom has the same stage as Internet
IP

Voice → Multimedia Multi-

From pure voice service to multimedia capability in
order to dig the potential of network
media

FMC
Fixed or Mobile → FMC
Customer’s requirements evolve to fixed and mobile
convergent
Web
Telecom → Web
Equip with the Web based capability in telecom
network
IMS Architecture
Architecture Overview
Architecture Overview
IMS Architecture

Call Session Control Function (CSCF):

• Proxy Call Session Control Function (P-CSCF)

• Interrogating Call Session Control Function (I-CSCF)
• Serving Call Session Control Function (S-CSCF)
• CSCF (Call Session Control Function) consists of 3 separate functions: P-CSCF, I-
CSCF, S-CSCF
• P-CSCF (Proxy-CSCF): • HSS (Home Subscriber Server):
- Entry point to IMS from any access network - IMS subscriber records and service profile
- Performs integrity protection - IMS authentication data
- ensuring all signalling is sent via the home network • MRF (Media Resource Function) consists of 2 separate functions:
- Includes a Policy Decision Function (PDF) that authorizes bearer resources MRFC, MRFP
• I-CSCF (Interrogating-CSCF): • MRFC (Media Resource Function Controller):
- First contact point in home network - Controls media resources in MRFP
- Selects assigned S-CSCF - Acts as SIP B2BUA
- Performs network hiding (THIG)
• MRFP (Media Resource Function Processor):
• S-CSCF (Serving-CSCF): - Media stream processing (transcoding etc.)
- Stateful proxy that provides session control - Multimedia announcements
- Performs subscriber authentication - Incoming streams mixing
- Acts as SIP registrar
- Invokes the AS’ (Application Servers) based on IFC (Initial Filter Criteria)
• SLF (Subscriber Location Function):
- Look-up function used in networks where multiples HSS’ exist
Data Base

➢ Home Subscriber Server (HSS)

• The master database containing all user and subscriber information.

• Authentication and authorization of user access.
• Keeps track of which S-CSCF the user is registered.
• Service information support – triggers, application server identities
in the user profiles.
• SLF – for HSS discovery.
Ericsson UDC

- (Front End) are separated from the data store (Back End)
- Provisioning is done in CUDB
- The Front End handles the signalling and applicaton logic
IMS Architecture (Cont.)

Gateway for Non-IMS:

➢ Media Gateway (MGW)

• Handles the media payload.
• Adapts the payload into IP packet

➢ Media Gateway Controller (MGC)

• Master to the MGWs.
• Responsible for the call control signaling.
• Multimedia session establishment, modification, and termination.
• Addressing and routing of multimedia sessions to and from CSCF.
MTAS

• Sub services like Waiting, FW, SMS, clip

IMS architecture
IMS Architecture
HSS AS
Application
‘IMS Data’ OSA SCS (SIP AS,
IM SSF OSA AS,
SLF SIP AS
CAMEL SE)
HLR/AuC (‘CS/PS’)

CSCF
BGCF
IMS Session Signalling S-CSCF I-CSCF
IMS User Plane Data
MGCF
P-CSCF

NASS SPDF/ A-RACF

MRF IMS GW SGW
CS Networks
UE DSLAM BAS PDF AL (PSTN, CS PLMN)
MRFC
G
3GPP R7 / TISPAN MRFP TrGW IMS-MGW
R1
UE
WLAN WLAN
WAG PDG IPv4 PDN
(IPv4 Network)
3GPP R6 GGSN PEF
BB
(IPv4/ BG
IPv6) IPv6 PDN
UE RAN SGSN (IPv6 Network)
3GPP
R5
IMS layered application

SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
SYSTEMS

OSS- BCS MTAS PGM MIO

RC
Application layer

CONVERGED CORE INTERCONNECT

EMA IMS/SIP/H.323
INTERWORKING
Control layer
HSS-
CSCF CUDB MGC
FE
EMM
SBG SBG
PLMN/PSTN
INTERWORKING
Connectivity layer
MRS
IPW

FIXED MOBILE MOBILE

BROADBAND NARROWBAND
BROADBAND
Home Subscriber Server (HSS)

The master database containing all user and subscriber

information.
The HSS provides the following capabilities:
› Identification of users. MTAS

› Authentication and authorization of

user access.
› Keeps track of which S-CSCF the user
SLF HSS CUDB
is registered to.
› Service information support – triggers,
application server identities in the user
profiles. I-CSCF S-CSCF

› SLF – for HSS discovery

Application Server

MTAS
• MMTel Application Server providing end-user
telephony services such as Call Forwarding and
other value-add services.

MTAS

HSS S-CSCF
nnections

43
nnections

44
HSS (for HSS-FE together with CUDB)

• the master database that contains user information

• keeps track of the S-CSCF that is assigned to the user.

IEEE NJ Coast Seminar

de
HSS in the classic mode uses an HSS internal database.

HSS in front end mode uses an external database

(the CUDB ).
de
gistration

48
 › HSS implements the Diameter protocol (not SIP)

IEEE NJ Coast Seminar

nnection
nd SLF
Home IMS
Network
Home Subscriber Server (HSS) CSE(SCP) SIP Application OSA Application
Servers Server

•An evolution of the HLR

•HLR (subscriber and authentication data for CS and HSS IM-SSF OSA-SCS

PS domains) + the new IMS functionality

▪ Location Register
P-CSCF
I-CSCF
S-CSCF

▪ IMS subscriber records MRF

▪ IMS service profile processing MGCF SGW

MGW

▪ IMS authentication data GGSN

Home Access
Network

Subscription Locator Function (SLF) Visited IMS

Network P-CSCF

•A look-up function that can be used in networks where PSTN

PLMN

several HSS exist. Internet

IP networks
GGSN Visited Access
Network
IEEE NJ Coast Seminar
Introduction

IMS call scenario

Registration scenario
Multi HSS QUERY
 IMS REG.

56
Handover
Handover
Handover
IMS Service Concept

Originating Half-call Terminating Half-call

Originating Terminating
Services Services
SIP-AS SIP-AS

S-CSCF HSS S-CSCF

1 3
P-CSCF I-CSCF P-CSCF
2

Note: If the SIP-AS is a B2BUA, e.g., MTAS, there are three dialogs in the session
flow
Session Establishment
Home A Home B HSS
P-CSCF
I-CSCF
S-CSCF
Subscriber
SIP-AS HSS SIP-AS Subscriber
The I-CSCF
P-CSCF
S-CSCF A
routes
isinitiates
in the
Home first
the
HSS returns fetches the
message
point
B
A
a SIP
performs
from
address invitation
of contact
the tothe
of
HSS service
the the in the
S-CSCF
5 6 originating
IMS
invocation
including
for the
address
serving ofthe
for
S-CSCF
subscriber.
subscriber
the SIP URI
S-CSCFB
It
subscriber
of forwards
thatsubscriber
is serving A.
B.
theB. The
ItINVITE
S-
3. INVITE 4. INVITE 7. INVITE request
forwards
CSCF
subscriberfinds
tothe
the
BtheINVITE
I-CSCF
entry
I-CSCF S-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF to thein
point P-CSCF
Home B and UE
14. OK 13. OK 12. OK
2. INVITE 15. OK 11. OK 8. INVITE

Visited A Visited B
P-CSCF P-CSCF

1. INVITE 16. OK 10. OK 9. INVITE

GGSN GGSN
SGSN SGSN
Radio Access Network Radio Access Network

A Calls B
A B
5G

63
5G

65
 5G
1000x
10x-100x 5x
Mobile Data
Volumes
Connected Devices Lower Latency

10x-100x
End-user Data Rates
10x
2G 3G 4 5G Battery Life for Low Power
Devices
Source: METIS
G

66
• NOKIA 4G and 5 G face off video

67
Challenge for 5G

68
Challenge for 5G

12
5 G band

70
71
72
73
74
75
 C-RAN +
Mobile Core – Distributed Functions C-RAN
(incl. optional local breakout or CDN)

D2D / URC
CoMP
…
MMC

Massive
MIMO Internet

Mobile Core
– Centralized
MN
Functions
UDN Centralized + OAM
or
distributed?
Wireless access
Macro radio node* Wireless fronthaul
Small cell radio node*, e.g. Wired fronthaul
micro, (ultra-)pico, femto Aggregation Network (local, regional, national) Wired backhaul
Internet access
Note: Indoor cells not shown!

* Only Remote Radio Units (RRUs) assumed.

Massive MIMO and Beam forming
5G

78
5G

80
 5G
1000x
10x-100x 5x
Mobile Data
Volumes
Connected Devices Lower Latency

10x-100x
End-user Data Rates
10x
2G 3G 4 5G Battery Life for Low Power
Devices
Source: METIS
G

81
• NOKIA 4G and 5 G face off video

82
Challenge for 5G

83
Challenge for 5G

12
5 G band

85
86
87
88
89
90
 C-RAN +
Mobile Core – Distributed Functions C-RAN
(incl. optional local breakout or CDN)

D2D / URC
CoMP
…
MMC

Massive
MIMO Internet

Mobile Core
– Centralized
MN
Functions
UDN Centralized + OAM
or
distributed?
Wireless access
Macro radio node* Wireless fronthaul
Small cell radio node*, e.g. Wired fronthaul
micro, (ultra-)pico, femto Aggregation Network (local, regional, national) Wired backhaul
Internet access
Note: Indoor cells not shown!

* Only Remote Radio Units (RRUs) assumed.

Massive MIMO and Beam forming
We started here

93
 And
together we
reached
here

94
Any questions
Thanks

for your
valuable time,
effort and attention