CE 152

Structural Theory II

Chapter 6
Moment-Distribution Method
6.1. Definitions and Terminology
6.2. Basic Concept of the Moment-Distribution Method
6.3. Analysis of Continuous Beams
6.3.1. Procedure for Analysis
6.3.2. Illustrative Problem 6-1
6.3.3. Illustrative Problem 6-2
6.3.4. Illustrative Problem 6-3
6.3.5. Illustrative Problem 6-4
6.3.6. Illustrative Problem 6-5
6.3.7. Illustrative Problem 6-6
6.4. Analysis of Frames without Sidesway
6.4.1. Illustrative Problem 6-7
6.5. Analysis of Frames with Sidesway
6.5.1. Illustrative Problem 6-8
6.6. Review Exercises

After careful study of this chapter, students should be able to do the following:
1. Explain the basic concept behind the Moment-Distribution Method.
2. Analyze continuous beams.
3. Analyze frames without sidesway.
4. Analyze frames with sidesway.

Moment-Distribution Method
Ø a classical formulation of the displacement method that can be used for the analysis of
continuous beams and frames, considering their bending deformations only
Ø initially developed by Hardy Cross in 1924, was the most widely used method for analysis
of structures from 1930, when it was first published, through the 1960s
Ø since 1970s, with the increasing availability of computers, the use of the moment-
distribution method has declined in favor of the computer-oriented matrix methods of
structural analysis
Ø preferred by many engineers for analyzing smaller structures, since it provides a better
insight into the behavior of structures
Ø does not involve the solution of as many simultaneous equations as required by the other
classical methods
Ø the moment equilibrium equations of the joints are solved iteratively by successively
considering the moment equilibrium at one joint at a time, while the remaining joints of
the structure are assumed to be restrained against displacement

6.1 Definitions and Terminology

Sign Convention
Ø counterclockwise member end moments are considered positive

Member Stiffness
Ø consider a prismatic beam 𝐴𝐵, which is hinged at end 𝐴 and fixed at end 𝐵

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II

§ due to the applied moment, 𝑀, at the end 𝐴, the beam rotates by an angle 𝜃 at
the hinged end 𝐴 and develops a moment 𝑀%& at the fixed end 𝐵
4𝐸𝐼
𝑀=( -𝜃
𝐿
§ the bending stiffness, 𝐾/, of a member is defined as the moment that must be
applied at an end of the member to cause a unit rotation of that end
4𝐸𝐼
/=
𝐾
𝐿
§ when the modulus of elasticity for all members of a structure is the same (i.e., 𝐸 =
constant), the relative bending stiffness can be used
ð the relative bending stiffness, 𝐾, of a member is obtained by dividing its
bending stiffness, 𝐾 /, by 4𝐸
4𝐸𝐼
/
𝐾 𝐼
𝐾= = 𝐿 =
4𝐸 4𝐸 𝐿

Ø suppose that the far end 𝐵 of the beam is hinged

§ the relationship between the applied moment 𝑀 and the rotation 𝜃 of the end 𝐴
of the beam is
3𝐸𝐼
𝑀=( -𝜃
𝐿
§ the bending stiffness is
3𝐸𝐼
/=
𝐾
𝐿
§ the relative stiffness is
3𝐸𝐼
/
𝐾 3 𝐼
𝐾= = 𝐿 = ( -
4𝐸 4𝐸 4 𝐿

Ø the relationship between the applied moment 𝑀 and the rotation 𝜃 of the corresponding
end of a member is
4𝐸𝐼
( -𝜃 if far end of member is fixed
𝑀=1 𝐿
3𝐸𝐼
( -𝜃 if far end of member is hinged
𝐿

Ø the bending stiffness of a member is

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II
4𝐸𝐼
if far end of member is fixed
/=1 𝐿
𝐾
3𝐸𝐼
if far end of member is hinged
𝐿

Ø the relative bending stiffness of a member is

𝐼
if far end of member is fixed
𝐾 = 1𝐿
3 𝐼
( - if far end of member is hinged
4 𝐿

Carryover Moment

Ø when a moment 𝑀 is applied at the hinged end 𝐴 of the beam, a moment 𝑀%& develops
at the fixed end 𝐵; 𝑀%& is termed the carryover moment
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀%& = ( -𝜃
𝐿
BC
but 𝜃 = DEF

Ø the relationship between the applied moment 𝑀 and the carryover moment 𝑀%& is
2𝐸𝐼 𝑀𝐿 𝑀
𝑀%& = ( -( -=
𝐿 4𝐸𝐼 2

Ø when a moment of magnitude 𝑀 is applied at the hinged end of a beam, one-half of the
applied moment is carried over to the far end, provided that the far end is fixed
𝑀
if far end of member is fixed
𝑀 = G2
0 if far end of member is hinged

Ø the ratio of the carryover moment to the applied moment (𝑀%& ⁄𝑀) is called the
carryover factor of the member; it represents the fraction of the applied moment 𝑀 that
is carried over to the far end of the member
1
if far end of member is fixed
𝐶𝑂𝐹 = G 2
0 if far end of member is hinged

Distribution Factor
Ø consider the three-member frame

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II

§ the applied moment 𝑀 at joint 𝐵 will cause the joint to rotate by an angle 𝜃
§ at joint 𝐵

X 𝑀% = 0
𝑀 + 𝑀%& + 𝑀%Q + 𝑀%S = 0
𝑀 = −(𝑀%& + 𝑀%Q + 𝑀%S )

but
4𝐸𝐼P
𝑀%& = ( /%& 𝜃 = 4𝐸𝐾%& 𝜃
-𝜃 = 𝐾
𝐿P
4𝐸𝐼R
𝑀%Q = ( /%Q 𝜃 = 4𝐸𝐾%Q 𝜃
-𝜃 = 𝐾
𝐿R
4𝐸𝐼T
𝑀%S = ( /%S 𝜃 = 4𝐸𝐾%S 𝜃
-𝜃 = 𝐾
𝐿T

then,
4𝐸𝐼P 4𝐸𝐼R 4𝐸𝐼T
𝑀 = −( + + - 𝜃 = −(𝐾/%& + 𝐾/%Q + 𝐾
/%S )𝜃 = − WX 𝐾 /% Y 𝜃
𝐿P 𝐿R 𝐿T
/% represents the sum of the bending stiffnesses of all
ð where ∑ 𝐾
the members connected to joint 𝐵

also,
𝑀 = −4𝐸 (𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q + 𝐾%S )𝜃 = −4𝐸 WX 𝐾% Y 𝜃
𝑀
𝜃=−
4𝐸 (∑ 𝐾% )

therefore,
𝑀 𝐾%&
𝑀%& = 4𝐸𝐾%& (− - = −( -𝑀
4𝐸(∑ 𝐾% ) ∑ 𝐾%
𝑀 𝐾%Q
𝑀%Q = 4𝐸𝐾%Q (− - = −( -𝑀
4𝐸 (∑ 𝐾% ) ∑ 𝐾%
𝑀 𝐾%S
𝑀%S = 4𝐸𝐾%S (− - = −( -𝑀
4𝐸 (∑ 𝐾% ) ∑ 𝐾%

§ the applied moment 𝑀 is distributed to the three members in proportion to their

relative bending stiffness
§ the ratio 𝐾⁄∑ 𝐾% for a member is termed the distribution factor of that member
for end 𝐵, and it represents the fraction of the applied moment 𝑀 that is
distributed to end 𝐵 of the member
𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& 𝑀

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II
𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q 𝑀
𝑀%S = −𝐷𝐹%S 𝑀

Ø in general, the distribution factor, 𝐷𝐹, for an end of a member that is rigidly connected
to the adjacent joint equals the ratio of the relative bending stiffness of the member to
the sum of the relative bending stiffnesses of all the members framing into the joint
𝐾
𝐷𝐹 =
∑𝐾

0 for a fixed end

𝐷𝐹 = \
1 for a simply supported end (pin or roller)

Ø the moment distributed to (or resisted by) a rigidly connected end of a member equals
the distribution factor for that end times the negative of the moment applied to the
adjacent joint

Fixed-End Moments
Ø the effects of joint translations due to support settlements and sidesway are considered
by means of fixed-end moments

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II
6.2 Basic Concept of the Moment-Distribution Method
Ø the moment-distribution method is an iterative procedure, in which it is initially assumed
that all the joints of the structure that are free to rotate are temporarily restrained against
rotation by imaginary clamps applied to them
Ø external loads and joint translations (if any) are applied to the hypothetical fixed
structure, and fixed-end moments at the ends of its members are computed
Ø the fixed-end moments generally are not in equilibrium at those joints of the structure
that are actually free to rotate; the conditions of equilibrium at such joints are satisfied
iteratively by releasing one joint at a time, with the remaining joints assumed to remain
clamped
Ø a joint at which the moments are not in balance is selected, and its unbalanced moment
is evaluated; the joint is then released by removing the clamp, thereby allowing it to
rotate under the unbalanced moment until the equilibrium state is reached
Ø the rotation of the joint induces moments at the ends of the members connected to it;
such member end moments are referred to as distributed moments, and their values are
determined by multiplying the negative of the unbalanced joint moment by the
distribution factors for the member ends connected to the joint
Ø the bending of members due to the distributed moments causes carryover moments to
develop at the far ends of the members, which can be evaluated by using the member
carryover factors
Ø the joint, which is now in equilibrium, is reclamped and then another joint with an
unbalanced moment is selected and is released, balanced, and reclamped; the procedure
is repeated until the unbalanced moments at all the joints of the structure are negligibly
small
Ø the final member end moments are obtained by algebraically summing the fixed-end
moment and all the distributed and carryover moments at each member end

6.3 Analysis of Continuous Beams

6.3.1 Procedure for Analysis

1. Calculate the distribution factors. At each joint that is free to rotate, calculate the
distribution factor for each of the members rigidly connected to the joint. The distribution
factor for a member end is computed by dividing the relative bending stiffness (𝐼 ⁄𝐿) of
the member by the sum of the relative bending stiffness of all the members rigidly
connected to the joint. The sum of all the distribution factors at a joint must equal 1.
2. Compute the fixed-end moments. Assuming that all the free joints are clamped against
rotation, evaluate, for each member, the fixed-end moments due to the external loads
and support settlements (if any). The counterclockwise fixed-end moments are
considered to be positive.
3. Balance the moments at all the joints that are free to rotate by applying the moment-
distribution process as follows:
a. At each joint, evaluate the unbalanced moment and distribute the unbalanced
moment to the members connected to the joint. The distributed moment at each
member end rigidly connected to the joint is obtained by multiplying the negative of
the unbalanced moment by the distribution factor for the member end.
b. Carry over one-half of each distributed moment to the opposite (far) end of the
member.
c. Repeat steps 3a and 3b until either all the free joints are balanced or the unbalanced
moments at these joints are negligibly small.

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II
4. Determine the final member end moments by algebraically summing the fixed-end
moment and all the distributed and carryover moments at each member end. If the
moment distribution has been carried out correctly, then the final moments must satisfy
the equations of moment equilibrium at all the joints of the structure that are free to
rotate.
5. Compute member end shears by considering the equilibrium of the members of the
structure.
6. Determine support reactions by considering the equilibrium of the joints of the structure.
7. Draw shear and bending moment diagrams by using the beam sign convention.

Beams with Simple Supports at the Ends

Ø the analysis of structures can be simplified by using the reduced relative bending
T
stiffnesses, 𝐾 = D (𝐼 ⁄𝐿), for spans adjacent to the simple end supports
Ø when using reduced stiffnesses, the joints at the simple end supports are balanced only
once during the moment-distribution process, after which they are left unclamped so that
no moments can be carried over to them as the interior joints of the structure are
balanced

Structures with Cantilever Overhangs

Ø the cantilever portion 𝐶𝐷 does not contribute to the rotational stiffness of joint 𝐶; the
distribution factor for its end 𝐶 is zero (𝐷𝐹QS = 0)
Ø joint 𝐶 can be treated as a simple end support; the moment at end 𝐶 of the cantilever
does affect the unbalanced moment at joint 𝐶 and must be included along with the other
fixed-end moments in the analysis
Ø the cantilever portion 𝐶𝐷 is statically determinate; therefore, the moment at its end 𝐶
can be evaluated by applying the equation of moment equilibrium

6.3.2 Illustrative Problem 6-1

Determine the member end moments and support reactions for the two-span continuous beam
shown by using the moment-distribution method. Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams
as well as the elastic curve.

Solution:
Ø Stiffness Factors
𝐼&% 𝐼
𝐾&% = 𝐾%& = =
𝐿&% 5
𝐼%Q 𝐼
𝐾%Q = 𝐾Q% = =
𝐿%Q 6

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Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
Ø Distribution Factors
𝐷𝐹&% = 0 (fixed end)
𝐾%& 𝐼 ⁄5 𝐼 (1⁄5) 6
𝐷𝐹%& = = = =
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄5 + 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼(1⁄5 + 1⁄6) 11
𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼 (1⁄6) 5
𝐷𝐹%Q = = = =
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄5 + 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼 (1⁄5 + 1⁄6) 11
𝐷𝐹Q% = 0 (fixed end)

Ø Fixed-End Moments
𝑃𝑎𝑏R 90(2)(3)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀&% = R = = 64.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 5R
𝑃𝑎R 𝑏 90(2)R (3)
𝐹𝐸𝑀%& = − R = = −43.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 5R
𝑤𝐿R 50(6)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q = = = 150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿R 50(6)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% = − =− = −150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12

Ø Carryover Factors
𝐶𝑂𝐹&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% = 1⁄2

Ø Moment Distribution

iteration # 1
𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐹𝐸𝑀&% ) = −(0)(64.8) = 0
6
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = − (−43.2 + 150) = −58.25 𝑘𝑁𝑚
11
5
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = − (−43.2 + 150) = −48.55 𝑘𝑁𝑚
11
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% ) = −(0)(−150) = 0

iteration # 2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (−58.25) = −29.25 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (−48.55) = −24.275 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(−29.125) = 0

6
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 0) = 0 all values are zero, then
11
5 stop the iteration!
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 0) = 0
11
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% ) = −(0)(−24.275) = 0

Iteration # Joint A B C
Member AB BA BC CB
COF 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2
DF 0 6/11 5/11 0
1 FEM 64.8 -43.2 150 -150

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II
DM 0 -58.25 -48.55 0
COM -29.125 0 0 -24.75
2
DM 0 0 0 0
Final End Moments 35.675 -101.45 101.45 -174.275

Ø Member End Moments

𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟔𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟕𝟒. 𝟐𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

Ø Support Reactions

Consider Segment 𝐴𝐵:

𝑴𝑨 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟔𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

+↺ X 𝑀% = 0
−101.45 + 35.675 + 90(3) − 𝐴€ (5) = 0
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

Consider the whole structure:

By inspection,
𝑨𝒙 = 𝟎 Answer
𝑩𝒙 = 𝟎 Answer

𝑴𝑪 = 𝟏𝟕𝟒. 𝟐𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

+↺ X 𝑀% = 0
35.675 − 174.275 − 40.845(5) + 90(3) − 50(6)(3) + 𝐶€ (6) = 0
𝑪𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔𝟐. 𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

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+↑ X 𝐹€ = 0
40.845 − 90 + 𝐵€ − 50(6) + 162.1375 = 0
𝑩𝒚 = 𝟏𝟖𝟕. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

Ø Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams with Elastic Curve

Value of 𝑥:

By Ratio and Proportion,

𝑥 6−𝑥
=
137.8625 162.1375
𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓𝟕 𝒎

6.3.3 Illustrative Problem 6-2

Determine the member end moments for the three-span continuous beam shown by the
method of consistent deformation.

Solution:

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Ø Stiffness Factors
𝐼&% 𝐼
𝐾&% = 𝐾%& = =
𝐿&% 6
𝐼%Q 𝐼
𝐾%Q = 𝐾Q% = =
𝐿%Q 6
𝐼%Q 𝐼
𝐾QS = 𝐾SQ = =
𝐿%Q 6

Ø Distribution Factors
𝐷𝐹&% = 0 (fixed end)
𝐾%& 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼 (1⁄6)
𝐷𝐹%& = = = = 0.5
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄6 + 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼(1⁄6 + 1⁄6)
𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼 (1⁄6)
𝐷𝐹%Q = = = = 0.5
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄6 + 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼 (1⁄6 + 1⁄6)
𝐾Q% 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼 (1⁄6)
𝐷𝐹Q% = = = = 0.5
𝐾Q% + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄6 + 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼(1⁄6 + 1⁄6)
𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼 (1⁄6)
𝐷𝐹QS = = = = 0.5
𝐾Q% + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄6 + 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼(1⁄6 + 1⁄6)
𝐷𝐹SQ = 0 (fixed end)

Ø Fixed-End Moments
𝑤𝐿R 27(6)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀&% = = = 32.4 𝑘𝑁𝑚
30 30
𝑤𝐿R 27(6)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀%& = − =− = −48.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
20 20
𝑤𝐿R 27(6)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q = = = 81 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
R
𝑤𝐿 27(6)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% = − =− = −81 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿R 27(6)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀QS = = = 48.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
20 20
𝑤𝐿R 27(6)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ = − =− = −32.4 𝑘𝑁𝑚
30 30

Ø Carryover Factors
𝐶𝑂𝐹&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ = 1⁄2

Ø Moment Distribution

iteration # 1
𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐹𝐸𝑀&% ) = −(0)(32.4) = 0
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(−48.6 + 81) = −16.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(−48.6 + 81) = −16.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% + 𝐹𝐸𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−81 + 48.6) = 16.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% + 𝐹𝐸𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−81 + 48.6) = 16.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ ) = −(0)(−32.4) = 0

iteration # 2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (−16.2) = −8.1 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2

11 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (16.2) = 8.1 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (−16.2) = −8.1 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = (16.2) = 8.1 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(−8.1) = 0

𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 8.1) = −4.05 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 8.1) = −4.05 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−8.1 + 0) = 4.05 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−8.1 + 0) = 4.05 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(0)(8.1) = 0

iteration # 3
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (−4.05) = −2.025 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (4.05) = 2.025 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (−4.05) = −2.025 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = (4.05) = 2.025 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(−2.025) = 0

𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 2.025) = −1.012 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 2.025) = −1.012 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−2.025 + 0) = 1.012 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−2.025 + 0) = 1.012 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(0)(2.025) = 0

iteration # 4
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (−1.012) = −0.506 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (1.012) = 0.506 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (−1.012) = −0.506 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = (1.012) = 0.506 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(−0.506) = 0

𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 0.506) = −0.253 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 0.506) = −0.253 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−0.506 + 0) = 0.253 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−0.506 + 0) = 0.253 𝑘𝑁𝑚

12 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(0)(0.506) = 0

iteration # 5
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (−0.253) = −0.126 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (0.253) = 0.126 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (−0.253) = −0.126 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = (0.253) = 0.126 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
all values
𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(−0.126) = 0
are
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 0.126) = −0.063 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 0.126) = −0.063 𝑘𝑁𝑚 approxi-
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−0.126 + 0) = 0.063 𝑘𝑁𝑚 mately
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−0.126 + 0) = 0.063 𝑘𝑁𝑚 zero, then
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(0)(0.126) = 0 stop the
iteration!
Iteration Joint A B C D
# Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
COF 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2
DF 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0
FEM 32.4 -48.6 81 -81 48.6 -32.4
1
DM 0 -16.2 -16.2 16.2 16.2 0
COM -8.1 0 8.1 -8.1 0 8.1
2
DM 0 -4.05 -4.05 4.05 4.05 0
COM -2.025 0 2.025 -2.025 0 2..025
3
DM 0 -1.012 -1.012 1.012 1.012 0
COM -0.506 0 0.506 -0.506 0 0.506
4
DM 0 -0.253 -0.253 0.253 0.253 0
COM -0.126 0 0.126 -0.126 0 0.126
5
DM 0 -0.063 -0.063 0.063 0.063 0
Final End Moments 21.64 -70.18 70.18 -70.18 70.18 -21.64

Ø Member End Moments

𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

6.3.4 Illustrative Problem 6-3

Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams and elastic curve
for the two-span continuous beam shown using the moment distribution method.

13 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II

Solution:
Ø Stiffness Factors
𝐼&% 1.5𝐼
𝐾&% = 𝐾%& = =
𝐿&% 10
3 𝐼%Q 3 𝐼 3𝐼
𝐾%Q = ( -= ( -=
4 𝐿%Q 4 10 40
far end is roller support (simply supported)
𝐼%Q 𝐼
𝐾Q% = =
𝐿%Q 10

Ø Distribution Factors
𝐷𝐹&% = 0 (fixed end)
𝐾%& 1.5 𝐼 ⁄10 𝐼(1.5⁄10) 2
𝐷𝐹%& = = = =
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 1.5𝐼⁄10 + 3 𝐼 ⁄40 𝐼(1.5⁄10 + 3⁄40) 3
𝐾%Q 3 𝐼 ⁄40 𝐼 (3⁄40) 1
𝐷𝐹%Q = = = =
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 1.5𝐼⁄10 + 3 𝐼 ⁄40 𝐼 (1.5⁄10 + 3⁄40) 3
𝐷𝐹Q% = 1 (roller end)

Ø Fixed-End Moments
𝑃𝐿 80(10)
𝐹𝐸𝑀&% = = = 100 𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8
𝑃𝐿 80(10)
𝐹𝐸𝑀%& = − =− = −100 𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8
𝑃𝐿 40(10)
𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q = = = 50 𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8
𝑃𝐿 40(10)
𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% = − =− = −50 𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8

Ø Carryover Factors
𝐶𝑂𝐹&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% = 1⁄2
𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q = 0 (far end is simply supported)

Ø Moment Distribution

iteration # 1
𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐹𝐸𝑀&% ) = −(0)(100) = 0
2
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = − (−100 + 50) = 33.333 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3
1
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = − (−100 + 50) = 16.667 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% ) = −1(−50) = 50 𝑘𝑁𝑚

14 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
iteration # 2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (33.333) = 16.667 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (50) = 25 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = 0(16.667) = 0

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(16.667) = 0

2
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 25) = −16.667 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3
1
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 25) = −8.333 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% ) = −1(0) = 0

iteration # 3
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (−16.667) = −8.333 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = 0(16.667) = 0

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(−8.333) = 0

2
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 0) = 0 all values are zero, then
3
1 stop the iteration!
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 0) = 0
3
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% ) = −1(0) = 0

Iteration # Joint A B C
Member AB BA BC CB
COF 1/2 1/2 0 1/2
DF 0 2/3 1/3 1
FEM 100 -100 50 -50
1
DM 0 33.333 16.667 50
COM 16.667 0 25 0
2
DM 0 -16.667 -8.333 0
COM -8.333 0 0 0
3
DM 0 0 0 0
Final End Moments 108.33 -83.33 83.33 0

Ø Member End Moments

𝑀&% = 108.33 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀%& = 83.33 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀%Q = 83.33 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀Q% = 0

Ø Support Reactions

Consider Segment 𝐴𝐵:

15 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II

𝑴𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖. 𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

+↺ X 𝑀% = 0
−83.33 + 108.33 + 80(5) − 𝐴€ (10) = 0
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟒𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

Consider the whole structure:

+↺ X 𝑀% = 0
108.33 − 42.5(10) + 80(5) − 40(5) + 𝐶€ (10) = 0
𝑪𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

+↑ X 𝐹€ = 0
42.5 − 80 + 𝐵€ − 40 + 11.667 = 0
𝑩𝒚 = 𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

+→ X 𝐹ˆ = 0
𝑨𝒙 = 𝟎 Answer

Ø Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams with Elastic Curve

16 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II

6.3.5 Illustrative Problem 6-4

Determine the member end moments for the continuous beam shown by using the moment-
distribution method.

Solution:
Ø Stiffness Factors
since the cantilever portion 𝐶𝐷 does not contribute to the rotational stiffness at joint 𝐶,
the joint will be treated as a simple end support, i.e., reduced relative bending stiffness
of member 𝐵𝐶 will be used
𝐼&% 𝐼
𝐾&% = 𝐾%& = =
𝐿&% 6
3 𝐼%Q 3 𝐼 𝐼
𝐾%Q = ( - =( - =
4 𝐿%Q 4 9 12
𝐼%Q 𝐼
𝐾Q% = =
𝐿%Q 9

Ø Distribution Factors
𝐷𝐹&% = 0 (fixed end)

17 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
𝐾%& 𝐼 ⁄6 𝐼 (1⁄6) 2
𝐷𝐹%& = = = =
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄6 + 𝐼 ⁄12 𝐼 (1⁄6 + 1⁄12) 3
𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄12 𝐼 (1⁄12) 1
𝐷𝐹%Q = = = =
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄6 + 𝐼 ⁄12 𝐼(1⁄6 + 1⁄12) 3
𝐷𝐹Q% =1 (roller end)

Ø Fixed-End Moments
𝐹𝐸𝑀&% = 𝐹𝐸𝑀%& = 0
𝑤𝐿R 10(9)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q = = = 67.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿R 10(9)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% = − =− = −67.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝐹𝐸𝑀QS = 30(4) = 120 𝑘𝑁𝑚

Ø Carryover Factors
𝐶𝑂𝐹&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% = 1⁄2
𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q = 0 (far end is simply supported)

Ø Moment Distribution

iteration # 1
𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐹𝐸𝑀&% ) = −(0)(0) = 0
2
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 67.5) = −45 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3
1
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 67.5) = −22.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% + 𝐹𝐸𝑀QS ) = −1(−67.5 + 120) = −52.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚

iteration # 2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (−45) = −22.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (−52.5) = −26.25 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = 0(−22.5) = 0

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(−22.5) = 0

2
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 − 26.25) = 17.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3
1
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 − 26.25) = 8.75 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −1(0) = 0

iteration # 3
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (17.5) = 8.75 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = 0(8.75) = 0

18 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(8.75) = 0
2
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 0) = 0
3
1 all values are zero, then
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 0) = 0 stop the iteration!
3
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% ) = −1(0) = 0

Iteration Joint A B C
# Member AB BA BC CB CD
COF 1/2 1/2 0 1/2
DF 0 2/3 1/3 1
FEM 0 0 67.5 -67.5 120
1
DM 0 -45 -22.5 -52.5
COM -22.5 0 -26.25 0
2
DM 0 17.5 8.75 0
COM 8.75 0 0 0
3
DM 0 0 0 0
Final End Moments -13.75 -27.5 27.5 -120 120

Ø Member End Moments

𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟐𝟕, 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

6.3.6 Illustrative Problem 6-5

Determine the member end moments for the continuous beam shown due to the settlement of
20 𝑚𝑚 at support 𝐵. Use the moment-distribution method.

Solution:

Ø Stiffness Factors
𝐼&% 𝐼
𝐾&% = 𝐾%& = =
𝐿&% 8
𝐼%Q 𝐼
𝐾%Q = 𝐾Q% = =
𝐿%Q 8

19 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
𝐼QS 𝐼
𝐾QS = 𝐾SQ = =
𝐿QS 8

Ø Distribution Factors
𝐷𝐹&% = 0 (fixed end)
𝐾%& 𝐼 ⁄8 𝐼 (1⁄8)
𝐷𝐹%& = = = = 0.5
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄8 + 𝐼 ⁄8 𝐼(1⁄8 + 1⁄8)
𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄8 𝐼 (1⁄8)
𝐷𝐹%Q = = = = 0.5
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄8 + 𝐼 ⁄8 𝐼 (1⁄8 + 1⁄8)
𝐾Q% 𝐼 ⁄8 𝐼 (1⁄8)
𝐷𝐹Q% = = = = 0.5
𝐾Q% + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄8 + 𝐼 ⁄8 𝐼(1⁄8 + 1⁄8)
𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄8 𝐼 (1⁄8)
𝐷𝐹QS = = = = 0.5
𝐾Q% + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄8 + 𝐼 ⁄8 𝐼(1⁄8 + 1⁄8)
𝐷𝐹SQ = 0 (fixed end)

Ø Fixed-End Moments
ΠΠ1 D
6𝐸𝐼∆ 6(70 × 10 )(800 × 10 ) W1000Y (0.02)
𝐹𝐸𝑀&% = R = = 105 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 8R
D
ΠΠ1
6𝐸𝐼∆ 6(70 × 10 )(800 × 10 ) W1000Y (0.02)
𝐹𝐸𝑀%& = R = = 105 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 8R
Œ )( Œ) 1 D
6 ( 70 × 10 800 × 10 W ( )
6𝐸𝐼∆
𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q = − R = − 1000Y 0.02 = −105 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 8R
Œ )( Œ) 1 D
6 ( 70 × 10 800 × 10 W ( )
6𝐸𝐼∆
𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% = − R = − 1000Y 0.02 = −105 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 8R
𝐹𝐸𝑀QS = 𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ = 0

Ø Carryover Factors
𝐶𝑂𝐹&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ = 1⁄2

Ø Moment Distribution

iteration # 1
𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐹𝐸𝑀&% ) = −(0)(105) = 0
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(105 − 105) = 0
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(105 − 105) = 0
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% + 𝐹𝐸𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−105 + 0) = 52.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% + 𝐹𝐸𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−105 + 0) = 52.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ ) = −(0)(0) = 0

iteration # 2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (52.5) = 26.25 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (52.5) = 26.25 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2

20 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = (52.5) = 26.25 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(0) = 0

𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 26.25) = −13.125 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 26.25) = −13.125 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(0)(26.25) = 0

iteration # 3
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (−13.125) = −6.562 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (−13.125) = −6.562 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = (0) = 0
2

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(−6.562) = 0

𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−6.562 + 0) = 3.281 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−6.562 + 0) = 3.281 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(0)(0) = 0

iteration # 4
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (3.281) = 1.640 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = (3.281) = 1.640 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(0) = 0

𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 1.640) = −0.82 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 1.640) = −0.82 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(0)(1.640) = 0

iteration # 5
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (−0.82) = −0.41 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

21 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (−0.81) = −0.41 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = (0) = 0
2

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(−0.41) = 0

𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−0.41 + 0) = 0.205 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(−0.41 + 0) = 0.205 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(0)(0) = 0

iteration # 6
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (0.205) = 0.102 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = (0.205) = 0.102 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(0)(0) = 0 all values

𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 0.102) = −0.051 𝑘𝑁𝑚 are
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = −0.5(0 + 0.102) = −0.051 𝑘𝑁𝑚 approxi-
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(0 + 0) = 0 mately
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = −0.5(0 + 0) = 0 zero, then
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(0)(0.102) = 0 stop the
iteration!

Iteration Joint A B C D
# Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
COF 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2
DF 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0
FEM 105 105 -105 -105 0 0
1
DM 0 0 0 52.5 52.5 0
COM 0 0 26.25 0 0 26.25
2
DM 0 -13.125 -13.125 0 0 0
COM -6.562 0 0 -6.562 0 0
3
DM 0 0 0 3.281 3.281 0
COM 0 0 1.640 0 0 1.640
4
DM 0 -0.82 -0.82 0 0 0
COM -0.41 0 0 -0.41 0 0
5
DM 0 0 0 0.205 0.205 0
6 COM 0 0 0.102 0 0 0.102

22 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
DM 0 -0.051 -0.051 0 0 0
Final End Moments 98.03 91.00 -91.00 -55.99 55.99 27.99

Ø Member End Moments

𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝟗𝟖. 𝟎𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟗𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟗𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

6.3.7 Illustrative Problem 6-6

Determine the member end moments for the three-span continuous beam shown due to the
uniformly distributed load and due to the support settlements of 15 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐵, 36 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐶, and
18 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐷. Use the moment-distribution method.

Solution:

Ø Stiffness Factors
𝐼&% 𝐼
𝐾&% = =
𝐿&% 5
3 𝐼&% 3 𝐼 3𝐼
𝐾%& = ( -= ( -=
4 𝐿&% 4 5 20
𝐼%Q 𝐼
𝐾%Q = 𝐾Q% = =
𝐿%Q 5
3 𝐼QS 3 𝐼 3𝐼
𝐾QS = ( -= ( -=
4 𝐿QS 4 5 20
𝐼QS 𝐼
𝐾SQ = =
𝐿QS 5

Ø Distribution Factors
𝐷𝐹&% = 1 (simple end support)

23 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
𝐾%& 3 𝐼 ⁄20 𝐼 (3⁄20) 3
𝐷𝐹%& = = = =
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 3𝐼⁄20 + 𝐼 ⁄5 𝐼 (3⁄20 + 1⁄5) 7
𝐾%Q 𝐼 ⁄5 𝐼 (1⁄5) 4
𝐷𝐹%Q = = = =
𝐾%& + 𝐾%Q 3𝐼⁄20 + 𝐼 ⁄5 𝐼 (3⁄20 + 1⁄5) 7
𝐾Q% 𝐼 ⁄5 𝐼 (1⁄5) 4
𝐷𝐹Q% = = = =
𝐾Q% + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄5 + 3𝐼⁄20 𝐼 (1⁄5 + 3⁄20) 7
𝐾QS 3 𝐼 ⁄20 𝐼 (3⁄20) 3
𝐷𝐹QS = = = =
𝐾Q% + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄5 + 3𝐼⁄20 𝐼 (1⁄5 + 3⁄20) 7
𝐷𝐹SQ = 1 (simple end support)

Ø Fixed-End Moments
1 D
𝑤𝐿R
6𝐸𝐼∆ 32(5 )R 6(200 × 10Œ )(1705 × 10Œ ) W1000Y (0.015)
𝐹𝐸𝑀&% = + R = +
12 𝐿 12 5R
= 1294.27 𝑘𝑁𝑚
ΠΠ1 D
𝑤𝐿R 6𝐸𝐼∆ 32(5)R 6(200 × 10 )(1705 × 10 ) W1000Y (0.015)
𝐹𝐸𝑀%& = − + R =− +
12 𝐿 12 5R
= 1160.93 𝑘𝑁𝑚
Œ )( Œ) 1 D
6 ( 200 × 10 1705 × 10 W ( )
1000Y 0.021
R R
𝑤𝐿 6𝐸𝐼∆ 32(5)
𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q = + R = +
12 𝐿 12 5R
= 1785.31 𝑘𝑁𝑚
Œ )( Œ) 1 D
6 ( 200 × 10 1705 × 10 W ( )
1000Y 0.021
R R
𝑤𝐿 6𝐸𝐼∆ 32(5)
𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% = − + R =− +
12 𝐿 12 5R
= 1651.97 𝑘𝑁𝑚
ΠΠ1 D
𝑤𝐿R 6𝐸𝐼∆ 32(5)R 6(200 × 10 )(1705 × 10 ) W1000Y (0.018)
𝐹𝐸𝑀QS = + R = +
12 𝐿 12 5R
= −1406.45 𝑘𝑁𝑚
Œ )( Œ) 1 D
6 ( 200 × 10 1705 × 10 W ( )
1000Y 0.018
R R
𝑤𝐿 6𝐸𝐼∆ 32(5)
𝐹𝐸𝑀%& = − + R =− +
12 𝐿 12 5R
= −1539.79 𝑘𝑁𝑚

Ø Carryover Factors
𝐶𝑂𝐹&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ = 1⁄2
𝐶𝑂𝐹%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS = 0 (far end is simply supported)

Ø Moment Distribution

iteration # 1
𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐹𝐸𝑀&% ) = −(1)(1294.27) = −1294.27 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = − (1160.93 + 1785.31)
7
= −1262.67 𝑘𝑁𝑚
4
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐹𝐸𝑀%& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%Q ) = (1160.93 + 1785.31)
7
= −1683.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
4
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% + 𝐹𝐸𝑀QS ) = − (1651.97 − 1406.45) = −140.30 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
3
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐹𝐸𝑀Q% + 𝐹𝐸𝑀QS ) = − (1651.97 − 1406.45) = −105.22 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ ) = −(1)(−1539.79) = 1539.79

24 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II

iteration # 2
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = 0(−1262.67) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (−1294.27) = −647.14 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (−140.30) = −70.15 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (−1683.57) = −841.78 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (1539.79) = 769.90 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = 0(−105.22) = 0

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(1)(0) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (−647.14 − 70.15) = 307.41 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (−647.14 − 70.15) = 409.88 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (−841.78 + 769.90) = 41.07 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
3
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (−841.78 + 769.90) = 30.81 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(1)(0) = 0

iteration # 3
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = 0(307.41) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (41.07) = 20.54 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (409.88) = 204.94 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = 0(30.81) = 0

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(1)(0) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 20.54) = −8.80 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 20.54) = −11.74 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (204.94 + 0) = −117.11 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
3
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (204.94 + 0) = −87.83 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(1)(0) = 0

iteration # 4
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = 0(−8.80) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (−117.11) = −58.56 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (−11.74) = −5.87 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

25 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = 0(−87.83) = 0

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(1)(0) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 − 58.56) = 25.10 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 − 58.56) = 33.46 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (−5.87 + 0) = 3.35 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
3
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (−5.87 + 0) = 2.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(1)(0) = 0

iteration # 5
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = 0(25.10) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (3.35) = 1.68 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (33.46) = 16.73 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = 0(2.52) = 0

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(1)(0) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 1.68) = −0.72 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 1.68) = −0.96 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (16.73 + 0) = −9.56 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
3
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (16.73 + 0) = −7.17 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(1)(0) = 0

iteration # 6
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = 0(−0.72) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (−9.56) = −4.78 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (−0.96) = −0.48 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = 0(−7.17) = 0

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(1)(0) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 − 4.78) = 2.05 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 − 4.78) = 2.73 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7

26 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
4
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (−0.48 + 0) = 0.27 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
3
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (−0.48 + 0) = 0.21 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(1)(0) = 0

iteration # 7
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = 0(2.05) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (0.27) = 0.14 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (2.73) = 1.37 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = 0(0.21) = 0

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(1)(0) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 0.14) = −0.06 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 0.14) = −0.08 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (1.37 + 0) = −0.78 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
3
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (1.37 + 0) = −0.59 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(1)(0) = 0

iteration # 8
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = 0(−0.06) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (−0.78) = −0.39 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (−0.08) = −0.04 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = 0(−0.59) = 0

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(1)(0) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 − 0.39) = 0.17 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 − 0.39) = 0.22 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (−0.04 + 0) = 0.02 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
3
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (−0.04 + 0) = 0.02 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(1)(0) = 0

iteration # 9
𝐶𝑂𝑀&% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%& 𝐷𝑀%& = 0(0.17) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&% 𝐷𝑀&% = (0) = 0
2

27 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q% 𝐷𝑀Q% = (0.02) = 0.01 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%Q 𝐷𝑀%Q = (0.22) = 0.11 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ 𝐷𝑀SQ = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS 𝐷𝑀QS = 0(0.02) = 0

𝐷𝑀&% = −𝐷𝐹&% (𝐶𝑂𝑀&% ) = −(1)(0) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀%& = −𝐷𝐹%& (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 0.01) = −0.004 𝑘𝑁𝑚 all values
7
4 are
𝐷𝑀%Q = −𝐷𝐹%Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀%& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀%Q ) = − (0 + 0.01) = −0.006 𝑘𝑁𝑚 approxi-
7
4 mately
𝐷𝑀Q% = −𝐷𝐹Q% (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (0.11 + 0) = −0.06 𝑘𝑁𝑚 zero, then
7
3 stop the
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (0.11 + 0) = −0.05 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7 iteration!
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ ) = −(1)(0) = 0

Iteration Joint A B C D
# Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
COF 1/2 0 1/2 1/2 0 1/2
DF 1 3/7 4/7 4/7 3/7 1
FEM 1294.27 1160.93 1785.31 1651.97 -1406.45 -1539.79
1
DM -1294.27 -1262.67 -1683.57 -140.30 -105.22 1539.79
COM 0 -647.14 -70.15 -841.78 769.90 0
2
DM 0 307.41 409.88 41.07 30.81 0
COM 0 0 20.54 204.94 0 0
3
DM 0 -8.80 -11.74 -117.11 -87.83 0
COM 0 0 -58.56 -5.87 0 0
4
DM 0 25.10 33.46 3.35 2.52 0
COM 0 0 1.68 16.73 0 0
5
DM 0 -0.72 -0.96 -9.56 -7.17 0
COM 0 0 -4.78 -0.48 0 0
6
DM 0 2.05 2.73 0.27 0.21 0
COM 0 0 0.14 1.37 0 0
7
DM 0 -0.06 -0.08 -0.78 -0.59 0
COM 0 0 -0.39 -0.04 0 0
8
DM 0 0.17 0.22 0.02 0.02 0
COM 0 0 0.01 0.11 0 0
9
DM 0 -0.004 -0.006 -0.06 -0.05 0
Final End Moments 0 -423.73 423.73 803.85 -803.85 0

Ø Member End Moments

𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝟎 Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟒𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟒𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟖𝟎𝟑. 𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝟖𝟎𝟑. 𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟎 Answer

6.4 Analysis of Frames Without Sidesway

28 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
Ø the procedure for the analysis of frames without sidesway is similar to that for the
analysis of continuous beams
Ø unlike the continuous beams, more than two members may be connected to a joint of a
frame

6.4.1 Illustrative Problem 6-7

Determine the member end moments for the frame shown using the moment-distribution
method.

Solution:
Ø sidesway degrees of freedom
𝑠𝑠 = 2𝑗 − [2(𝑓 + ℎ) + 𝑟 + 𝑚] = 2(5) − [2(2 + 1) + 0 + 4] = 0
∴ frame without sidesway

Ø Stiffness Factors
𝐼&Q = 𝐼%S = 300 × 10Œ 𝑚𝑚D = 𝐼
𝐼QS = 𝐼SE = 600 × 10Œ 𝑚𝑚D = 2𝐼

𝐼&Q 𝐼
𝐾&Q = 𝐾Q& = =
𝐿&Q 4
𝐼%S 𝐼
𝐾%S = 𝐾S% = =
𝐿%S 4
𝐼QS 2𝐼 𝐼
𝐾QS = 𝐾SQ = = =
𝐿QS 6 3
3 𝐼SE 3 2𝐼 𝐼
𝐾SE = ( -= ( -=
4 𝐿SE 4 6 4
𝐼SE 2𝐼 𝐼
𝐾ES = = =
𝐿SE 6 3

Ø Distribution Factors
𝐷𝐹&Q = 0 (fixed end support)
𝐾Q& 𝐼 ⁄4 𝐼 (1⁄4) 3
𝐷𝐹Q& = = = =
𝐾Q& + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄4 + 𝐼 ⁄3 𝐼 (1⁄4 + 1⁄3) 7
𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄3 𝐼 (1⁄3) 4
𝐷𝐹QS = = = =
𝐾Q& + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄4 + 𝐼 ⁄3 𝐼(1⁄4 + 1⁄3) 7
𝐾SQ 𝐼 ⁄3 𝐼 (1⁄3)
𝐷𝐹SQ = = = = 0.4
𝐾SQ + 𝐾S% + 𝐾SE 𝐼 ⁄3 + 𝐼 ⁄4 + 𝐼 ⁄4 𝐼(1⁄3 + 1⁄4 + 1⁄4)
𝐾S% 𝐼 ⁄4 𝐼 (1⁄4)
𝐷𝐹S% = = = = 0.3
𝐾SQ + 𝐾S% + 𝐾SE 𝐼 ⁄3 + 𝐼 ⁄4 + 𝐼 ⁄4 𝐼(1⁄3 + 1⁄4 + 1⁄4)

29 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
𝐾SE 𝐼 ⁄4 𝐼 (1⁄4)
𝐷𝐹SE = = = = 0.3
𝐾SQ + 𝐾S% + 𝐾SE 𝐼 ⁄3 + 𝐼 ⁄4 + 𝐼 ⁄4 𝐼(1⁄3 + 1⁄4 + 1⁄4)
𝐷𝐹%S = 0 (fixed end support)
𝐷𝐹ES = 1 (simple end support)

Ø Fixed-End Moments
𝑃𝐿 200(4)
𝐹𝐸𝑀&Q = = = 100 𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8
𝑃𝐿 200(4)
𝐹𝐸𝑀Q& = − =− = −100 𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8
𝑤𝐿R 50(6)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀QS = = = 150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿R 50(6)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ = − =− = −150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
R R
𝑤𝐿 50(6)
𝐹𝐸𝑀SE = = = 150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿R 50(6)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀ES = − =− = −150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝐹𝐸𝑀%S = 𝐹𝐸𝑀S% = 0

Ø Carryover Factors
𝐶𝑂𝐹&Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹S% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹ES = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%S = 1⁄2
𝐶𝑂𝐹SE = 0 (far end is simply supported)

Ø Moment Distribution

iteration # 1
𝐷𝑀&Q = −𝐷𝐹&Q (𝐹𝐸𝑀&Q ) = −(0)(100) = 0
3
𝐷𝑀Q& = −𝐷𝐹Q& (𝐹𝐸𝑀Q& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀QS ) = − (−100 + 150) = −21.43 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐹𝐸𝑀Q& + 𝐹𝐸𝑀QS ) = − (−100 + 150) = −28.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ + 𝐹𝐸𝑀S% + 𝐹𝐸𝑀SE ) = −0.4(−150 + 0 + 150) = 0
𝐷𝑀S% = −𝐷𝐹S% (𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ + 𝐹𝐸𝑀S% + 𝐹𝐸𝑀SE ) = −0.3(−150 + 0 + 150) = 0
𝐷𝑀SE = −𝐷𝐹SE (𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ + 𝐹𝐸𝑀S% + 𝐹𝐸𝑀SE ) = −0.3(−150 + 0 + 150) = 0
𝐷𝑀ES = −𝐷𝐹ES (𝐹𝐸𝑀ES ) = −1(−150) = 150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀%S = −𝐷𝐹%S (𝐹𝐸𝑀%S ) = −(0)(0) = 0

iteration # 2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q& (𝐷𝑀Q& ) = (−21.43) = −10.72 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&Q (𝐷𝑀&Q ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ (𝐷𝑀SQ ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS (𝐷𝑀QS ) = (−28.57) = −14.28 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀S% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%S (𝐷𝑀%S ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SE = 𝐶𝑂𝐹ES (𝐷𝑀ES ) = (150) = 75 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀ES = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SE (𝐷𝑀SE ) = 0(0) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%S = 𝐶𝑂𝐹S% (𝐷𝑀S% ) = (0) = 0
2

30 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II

𝐷𝑀&Q = −𝐷𝐹&Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀&Q ) = −(0)(−10.72) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀Q& = −𝐷𝐹Q& (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (0 + 0) = 0
7
4
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (0 + 0) = 0
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.4(−14.28 + 0 + 75)
= −24.29 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀S% = −𝐷𝐹S% (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.3(−14.28 + 0 + 75)
= −18.22 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀SE = −𝐷𝐹SE (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.3(−14.28 + 0 + 75)
= −18.22 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀ES = −𝐷𝐹ES (𝐶𝑂𝑀ES ) = −1(0) = 0
𝐷𝑀%S = −𝐷𝐹%S (𝐶𝑂𝑀%S ) = −(0)(0) = 0

iteration # 3
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q& (𝐷𝑀Q& ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&Q (𝐷𝑀&Q ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ (𝐷𝑀SQ ) = (−24.29) = −12.14
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS (𝐷𝑀QS ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀S% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%S (𝐷𝑀%S ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SE = 𝐶𝑂𝐹ES (𝐷𝑀ES ) = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀ES = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SE (𝐷𝑀SE ) = 0(−18.22) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%S = 𝐶𝑂𝐹S% (𝐷𝑀S% ) = (−18.22) = −9.11 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

𝐷𝑀&Q = −𝐷𝐹&Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀&Q ) = −(0)(0) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀Q& = −𝐷𝐹Q& (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (0 − 12.14) = 5.20 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (0 − 12.14) = 6.94 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.4(0 + 0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀S% = −𝐷𝐹S% (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.3(0 + 0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀SE = −𝐷𝐹SE (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.3(0 + 0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀ES = −𝐷𝐹ES (𝐶𝑂𝑀ES ) = −1(0) = 0
𝐷𝑀%S = −𝐷𝐹%S (𝐶𝑂𝑀%S ) = −(0)(−9.11) = 0

iteration # 4
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q& (𝐷𝑀Q& ) = (5.20) = 2.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&Q (𝐷𝑀&Q ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ (𝐷𝑀SQ ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS (𝐷𝑀QS ) = (6.94) = 3.47 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀S% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%S (𝐷𝑀%S ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SE = 𝐶𝑂𝐹ES (𝐷𝑀ES ) = (0) = 0
2

31 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
𝐶𝑂𝑀ES = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SE (𝐷𝑀SE ) = 0(0) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%S = 𝐶𝑂𝐹S% (𝐷𝑀S% ) = (0) = 0
2

𝐷𝑀&Q = −𝐷𝐹&Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀&Q ) = −(0)(2.6) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀Q& = −𝐷𝐹Q& (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (0 + 0) = 0
7
4
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = (0 + 0) = 0
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.4(3.47 + 0 + 0)
= −1.39 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀S% = −𝐷𝐹S% (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.3(3.47 + 0 + 0)
= −1.04 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀SE = −𝐷𝐹SE (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.3(3.47 + 0 + 0)
= −1.04 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀ES = −𝐷𝐹ES (𝐶𝑂𝑀ES ) = −1(0) = 0
𝐷𝑀%S = −𝐷𝐹%S (𝐶𝑂𝑀%S ) = −(0)(0) = 0

iteration # 5
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q& (𝐷𝑀Q& ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&Q (𝐷𝑀&Q ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ (𝐷𝑀SQ ) = (−1.39) = −0.70 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS (𝐷𝑀QS ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀S% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%S (𝐷𝑀%S ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SE = 𝐶𝑂𝐹ES (𝐷𝑀ES ) = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀ES = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SE (𝐷𝑀SE ) = 0(−1.04) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%S = 𝐶𝑂𝐹S% (𝐷𝑀S% ) = (−1.04) = −0.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

𝐷𝑀&Q = −𝐷𝐹&Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀&Q ) = −(0)(0) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀Q& = −𝐷𝐹Q& (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (0 − 0.70) = 0.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
4
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = (0 − 0.70) = 0.4 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.4(0 + 0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀S% = −𝐷𝐹S% (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.3(0 + 0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀SE = −𝐷𝐹SE (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.3(0 + 0 + 0) = 0
𝐷𝑀ES = −𝐷𝐹ES (𝐶𝑂𝑀ES ) = −1(0) = 0
𝐷𝑀%S = −𝐷𝐹%S (𝐶𝑂𝑀%S ) = −(0)(−0.52) = 0

iteration # 6
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀&Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q& (𝐷𝑀Q& ) = (0.3) = 0.15 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹&Q (𝐷𝑀&Q ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ (𝐷𝑀SQ ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS (𝐷𝑀QS ) = (0.4) = 0.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

32 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀S% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%S (𝐷𝑀%S ) = (0) = 0
2
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀SE = 𝐶𝑂𝐹ES (𝐷𝑀ES ) = (0) = 0
2
𝐶𝑂𝑀ES = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SE (𝐷𝑀SE ) = 0(0) = 0
1
𝐶𝑂𝑀%S = 𝐶𝑂𝐹S% (𝐷𝑀S% ) = (0) = 0
2

𝐷𝑀&Q = −𝐷𝐹&Q (𝐶𝑂𝑀&Q ) = −(0)(0.15) = 0

3
𝐷𝑀Q& = −𝐷𝐹Q& (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = − (0 + 0) = 0
7
4
𝐷𝑀QS = −𝐷𝐹QS (𝐶𝑂𝑀Q& + 𝐶𝑂𝑀QS ) = (0 + 0) = 0
7 all values are
𝐷𝑀SQ = −𝐷𝐹SQ (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.4(0.2 + 0 + 0)
approximately
= −0.08 𝑘𝑁𝑚
zero, then stop
𝐷𝑀S% = −𝐷𝐹S% (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.3(0.2 + 0 + 0)
= −0.06 𝑘𝑁𝑚 the iteration!
𝐷𝑀SE = −𝐷𝐹SE (𝐶𝑂𝑀SQ + 𝐶𝑂𝑀S% + 𝐶𝑂𝑀SE ) = −0.3(0.2 + 0 + 0)
= −0.06 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐷𝑀ES = −𝐷𝐹ES (𝐶𝑂𝑀ES ) = −1(0) = 0
𝐷𝑀%S = −𝐷𝐹%S (𝐶𝑂𝑀%S ) = −(0)(0) = 0

carryover

Iteration Joint A C D E B
# Member AC CA CD DC DB DE ED BD
COF 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 0 1/2 1/2
DF 0 3/7 4/7 0.4 0.3 0.3 1 0
FEM 100 -100 150 -150 0 150 -150 0
1 DM 0 -21.43 -28.57 0 0 0 150 0
COM -10.72 0 0 -14.28 0 75 0 0
2 DM 0 0 0 -24.29 -18.22 -18.22 0 0
COM 0 0 -12.14 0 0 0 0 -9.11
3
DM 0 5.20 6.94 0 0 0 0 0
COM 2.6 0 0 3.47 0 0 0 0
4 DM 0 0 0 -1.39 -1.04 -1.04 0 0
COM 0 0 -0.70 0 0 0 0 -0.52
5
DM 0 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0 0
COM 0.15 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0
6
DM 0 0 0 -0.08 -0.06 -0.06 0 0
Final End Moments 92.03 -115.93 115.93 -186.37 -19.32 205.68 0 -9.63

Ø Member End Moments

𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟎𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑨 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟗𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟗𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟏𝟖𝟔. 𝟑𝟕 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑩 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟑𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟓. 𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑬𝑫 = 𝟎 Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑫 = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

6.5 Analysis of Frames With Sidesway

Ø consider the rectangular frame

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§ the fixed joints 𝐴 and 𝐵 of the frame are completely restrained against rotation as
well as translation
§ the joints 𝐶 and 𝐷 are free to rotate and translate
§ since the members of the frame are assumed to be inextensible and the
deformations are assumed to be small, the joints 𝐶 and 𝐷 displace by the same
amount, ∆, in the horizontal direction only

Ø the moment-distribution analysis of frames with sidesway is carried out in two parts:
First Part

§ the sidesway of the frame is prevented by adding an imaginary roller to the

structure
§ external loads are applied to the frame, and member end moments are computed
by applying the moment-distribution process in the usual manner
§ with the member end moments known, the restraining force (reaction) 𝑅 that
develops at the imaginary support is evaluated by applying the equations of
equilibrium
Second Part

§ the frame is subjected to the force 𝑅, which is applied in the opposite direction
§ the moments that develop at the member ends are determined and superimposed
on the moments computed in the first part to obtain the member end moments
in the actual frame.

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Structural Theory II
𝑀 = 𝑀˜ + 𝑀™
where
𝑀 = member end moments in the actual frame
𝑀˜ = member end moments in the frame with sidesway prevented
𝑀™ = member end moments in the frame subjected to 𝑅

Ø to determine the member end moments 𝑀™

§ the frame is subjected to an arbitrary known joint translation ∆š caused by an

unknown load 𝑄 acting at the location and in the direction of 𝑅
§ from the known joint translation ∆š , the relative translation between the ends of
each member is determined, and the member fixed-end moments are determined
in the same manner as done in the case of support settlements
§ moment-distribution process is applied to determine the member end moments
𝑀œ caused by the unknown load 𝑄
§ once the member end moments 𝑀œ have been determined, the magnitude of 𝑄
can be evaluated by the application of equilibrium equations
§ with the load 𝑄 and the corresponding moments 𝑀œ known, the desired moments
𝑀™ due to the lateral load 𝑅 can be determined by multiplying 𝑀œ by the ratio
𝑅 ⁄𝑄
𝑅
𝑀™ = ( - 𝑀œ
𝑄

Ø the member end moments in the actual frame is:

𝑅
𝑀 = 𝑀˜ + ( - 𝑀œ
𝑄

6.5.1 Illustrative Problem 6-8

Determine the member end moments for the frame shown by using the moment-distribution
method.

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II

Solution:
Ø sidesway degrees of freedom
𝑠𝑠 = 2𝑗 − [2(𝑓 + ℎ) + 𝑟 + 𝑚] = 2(4) − [2(2 + 0) + 0 + 3] = 1
∴ frame with sidesway with 1 unknown horizontal deflection
Ø deflected shape

Ø PART I. frame with sidesway prevented

36 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II

§ stiffness factors
𝐼
𝐾&Q = 𝐾Q& =
7
𝐼
𝐾QS = 𝐾SQ =
7
𝐼
𝐾%S = 𝐾S% =
5

§ Distribution Factors
𝐷𝐹&Q = 0 (fixed end support)
𝐾Q& 𝐼 ⁄7 𝐼 (1⁄7)
𝐷𝐹Q& = = = = 0.5
𝐾Q& + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄7 + 𝐼 ⁄7 𝐼 (1⁄7 + 1⁄7)
𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄7 𝐼 (1⁄7)
𝐷𝐹QS = = = = 0.5
𝐾Q& + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄7 + 𝐼 ⁄7 𝐼(1⁄7 + 1⁄7)
𝐾SQ 𝐼 ⁄7 𝐼 (1⁄7) 5
𝐷𝐹SQ = = = =
𝐾SQ + 𝐾S% 𝐼 ⁄7 + 𝐼 ⁄5 𝐼 (1⁄7 + 1⁄5) 12
𝐾S% 𝐼 ⁄5 𝐼 (1⁄5) 7
𝐷𝐹S% = = = =
𝐾SQ + 𝐾S% 𝐼 ⁄7 + 𝐼 ⁄5 𝐼 (1⁄7 + 1⁄5) 12
𝐷𝐹%S = 0 (fixed end support)

§ Fixed-end Moments
𝐹𝐸𝑀&Q = 0
𝐹𝐸𝑀Q& = 0
𝑃𝑎𝑏R 40(3)(4)R
𝐹𝐸𝑀QS = R = = 39.18 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 7R
𝑃𝑎R 𝑏 40(3)R (4)
𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ = − R = = −29.39 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 7R
𝐹𝐸𝑀%S = 0
𝐹𝐸𝑀S% = 0

§ Carryover Factors
𝐶𝑂𝐹&Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹S% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%S = 1⁄2

§ Moment Distribution

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II
Iteration Joint A C D B
# Member AC CA CD DC DB BD
COF 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 0 1/2
DF 0 0.5 0.5 5/12 7/12 0
FEM 0 0 39.18 -29.39 0 0
1
DM 0 -19.59 -19.59 12.46 17.14 0
COM -9.80 0 6.23 -9.80 0 8.57
2
DM 0 -3.12 -3.12 4.08 5.72 0
COM -1.56 0 2.04 -1.56 0 2.86
3
DM 0 -1.02 -1.02 0.65 0.91 0
COM -0.51 0 0.32 -0.51 0 0.46
4
DM 0 -0.16 -0.16 0.21 0.30 0
COM -0.08 0 0.10 -0.08 0 0.15
5
DM 0 -0.05 -0.05 0.03 0.05 0
End Moments (𝑀˜ ) -11.95 -23.94 23.93 -23.91 24.12 12.04

§ Solving for 𝑅
consider segment 𝐴𝐶

+↻ X 𝑀Q = 0
11.95 + 23.94 − 𝑆&Q (7) = 0
𝑆&Q = 5.13 𝑘𝑁 →

consider segment 𝐵𝐷

+↺ X 𝑀S = 0
24.12 + 12.04 − 𝑆%S (5) = 0
𝑆%S = 7.23 𝑘𝑁 ←

consider the whole structure

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II

+→ X 𝐹ˆ = 0
5.13 − 7.23 − 𝑅 = 0
𝑅 = −2.1 𝑘𝑁 = 2.1 𝑘𝑁 →

Ø PART II. frame with sidesway permitted

Notes:
• the direction of 𝑅 is to the right therefore the frame will sway to the left
• 𝑄 is in the direction of the sway

§ stiffness factors
𝐼
𝐾&Q = 𝐾Q& =
7
𝐼
𝐾QS = 𝐾SQ =
7
𝐼
𝐾%S = 𝐾S% =
5

§ Distribution Factors
𝐷𝐹&Q = 0 (fixed end support)
𝐾Q& 𝐼 ⁄7 𝐼 (1⁄7)
𝐷𝐹Q& = = = = 0.5
𝐾Q& + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄7 + 𝐼 ⁄7 𝐼 (1⁄7 + 1⁄7)
𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄7 𝐼 (1⁄7)
𝐷𝐹QS = = = = 0.5
𝐾Q& + 𝐾QS 𝐼 ⁄7 + 𝐼 ⁄7 𝐼(1⁄7 + 1⁄7)
𝐾SQ 𝐼 ⁄7 𝐼 (1⁄7) 5
𝐷𝐹SQ = = = =
𝐾SQ + 𝐾S% 𝐼 ⁄7 + 𝐼 ⁄5 𝐼 (1⁄7 + 1⁄5) 12

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Structural Theory II
𝐾S% 𝐼 ⁄5 𝐼 (1⁄5) 7
𝐷𝐹S% = = = =
𝐾SQ + 𝐾S% 𝐼 ⁄7 + 𝐼 ⁄5 𝐼 (1⁄7 + 1⁄5) 12
𝐷𝐹%S =0 (fixed end support)

§ Fixed-end Moments
6𝐸𝐼∆š 6𝐸𝐼∆š 6𝐸𝐼∆š
𝐹𝐸𝑀&Q = − R = − R = −
𝐿 7 49
6𝐸𝐼∆š 6𝐸𝐼∆š 6𝐸𝐼∆š
𝐹𝐸𝑀Q& = − R = − R = −
𝐿 7 49
𝐹𝐸𝑀QS = 0
𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ = 0
6𝐸𝐼∆š 6𝐸𝐼∆š 6𝐸𝐼∆š
𝐹𝐸𝑀%S = − R = − R = −
𝐿 5 25
6𝐸𝐼∆š 6𝐸𝐼∆š 6𝐸𝐼∆š
𝐹𝐸𝑀S% = − R = − R = −
𝐿 5 25
š DŸ(R )
Let 𝐸𝐼∆ = Œ , then
49(25)
6𝐸𝐼∆š 6¡ 6 ¢
𝐹𝐸𝑀&Q = − =− = −25 𝑘𝑁𝑚
49 49
49(25)
6𝐸𝐼∆š 6¡ 6 ¢
𝐹𝐸𝑀Q& = − =− = −25 𝑘𝑁𝑚
49 49
𝐹𝐸𝑀QS = 0
𝐹𝐸𝑀SQ = 0
49(25)
6𝐸𝐼∆š 6¡ 6 ¢
𝐹𝐸𝑀%S = − =− = −49 𝑘𝑁𝑚
25 25
49(25)
6𝐸𝐼∆š 6¡ 6 ¢
𝐹𝐸𝑀S% = − =− = −49 𝑘𝑁𝑚
25 25

§ Carryover Factors
𝐶𝑂𝐹&Q = 𝐶𝑂𝐹Q& = 𝐶𝑂𝐹QS = 𝐶𝑂𝐹SQ = 𝐶𝑂𝐹S% = 𝐶𝑂𝐹%S = 1⁄2

§ Moment Distribution
Iteration Joint A C D B
# Member AC CA CD DC DB BD
COF 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 0 1/2
DF 0 0.5 0.5 5/12 7/12 0
FEM -25 -25 0 0 -49 -49
1
DM 0 12.5 12.5 20.42 28.58 0
COM 6.25 0 10.21 6.25 0 14.29
2
DM 0 -5.10 -5.10 -2.60 -3.65 0
COM -2.55 0 -1.30 -2.55 0 -1.82
3
DM 0 0.65 0.65 1.06 1.49 0
COM 0.32 0 0.53 0.32 0 0.74
4
DM 0 -0.26 -0.26 -0.13 -0.19 0
COM -0.13 0 -0.06 -0.13 0 -0.10
5
DM 0 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0
End Moments £𝑀œ ¤ -21.11 -17.18 17.20 22.69 -22.69 -35.89

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II
§ solving for 𝑄
consider segment 𝐴𝐶

+↻ X 𝑀Q = 0
17.18 + 21.11 − 𝑆&Q (7) = 0
𝑆&Q = 5.47 𝑘𝑁 →

consider segment 𝐵𝐷

+↺ X 𝑀S = 0
22.69 + 35.89 − 𝑆%S (5) = 0
𝑆%S = −11.72 𝑘𝑁 = 11.72 𝑘𝑁 →

consider the whole structure

+→ X 𝐹ˆ = 0
5.47 + 11.72 − 𝑄 = 0
𝑄 = 17.19 𝑘𝑁 ←

Ø solving for the end moments

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Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II
𝑅
𝑀 = 𝑀˜ + ( - 𝑀œ
𝑄

𝑅 2.1
𝑀&Q = 𝑀&Q˜ + ( - 𝑀&Qœ = −11.95 + ( - (−21.11) = −14.53 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑄 17.19
𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑅 2.1
𝑀Q& = 𝑀Q&˜ + ( - 𝑀Q&œ = −23.94 + ( - (−17.18) = −26.04 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑄 17.19
𝑴𝑪𝑨 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟎𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑅 2.1
𝑀QS = 𝑀QS˜ + ( - 𝑀QSœ = 23.93 + ( - (17.20) = 26.03 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑄 17.19
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟎𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑅 2.1
𝑀SQ = 𝑀SQ˜ + ( - 𝑀SQœ = −23.91 + ( - (22.69) = −21.14 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑄 17.19
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟏𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑅 2.1
𝑀S% = 𝑀S%˜ + ( - 𝑀S%œ = 24.12 + ( - (−22.69) = 21.35 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑄 17.19
𝑴𝑫𝑩 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟑𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑅 2.1
𝑀%S = 𝑀%S˜ + ( - 𝑀%Sœ = 12.04 + ( - (−35.89) = 7.66 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑄 17.19
𝑴𝑩𝑫 = 𝟕. 𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

6.6 Review Exercises

1. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the
beam shown using the moment-distribution method.

𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

𝑴𝑪𝑨 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑬 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑬𝑪 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
2. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown
due to the loads and support settlements of 50 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐵 and 25 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐶. Use the
moment-distribution method.

𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝟒𝟒𝟗. 𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑩 =𝟎 Answer

42 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II
3. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown
using the moment-distribution method.

𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟏𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟏𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑬 = 𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑬𝑪 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
4. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown
using the moment-distribution method.

𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

𝑴𝑩𝑫 = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟕𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑬 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟕𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑬𝑫 = 𝟕𝟒. 𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
5. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown
using the moment-distribution method.

𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑴𝑬𝑫 = 𝟎 Answer

𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝑴𝑫𝑬 = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
6. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown
due to the loads and support settlements of 25 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐶. Use the moment-distribution
method.

43 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
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Structural Theory II

𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟏𝟖𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟏𝟖𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟐𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑬 = 𝟐𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑬𝑪 = 𝟏𝟕𝟎. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
7. Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown by using the
moment-distribution method.

𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝟗. 𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

𝑴𝑪𝑨 = 𝟏𝟖𝟕. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝟏𝟖𝟕. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟎 Answer
8. Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown by using the
moment-distribution method.

𝑴𝑨𝑫 = 𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝑴𝑬𝑫 = 𝟎 Answer

𝑴𝑫𝑨 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

44 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
𝑴𝑫𝑬 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
9. Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown due to the
loads and a settlement of 50 𝑚𝑚 at support 𝐷. Use the moment-distribution method.

𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

𝑴𝑪𝑨 = 𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟎 Answer
10. Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown due to the
loads and the support settlements of 17 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐴 and 25 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐷. Use the moment-
distribution method.

𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝟎 Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑬 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑨 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟑𝟗𝟕. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎𝟔. 𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
11. Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown by using the
moment-distribution method.

45 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II

𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝟏𝟎𝟕. 𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

𝑴𝑪𝑨 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑩𝑫 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑩 = 𝟐𝟒𝟗. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟐𝟒𝟗. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
12. Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown by using the
moment-distribution method.

𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝑴𝑩𝑫 = 𝟏𝟏𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

𝑴𝑪𝑨 = 𝑴𝑫𝑩 = 𝟖𝟑. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑬 = 𝑴𝑫𝑭 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑬𝑪 = 𝑴𝑭𝑫 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟏𝟎𝟔. 𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
𝑴𝑬𝑭 = 𝑴𝑭𝑬 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

46 Chapter 6 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, [Link]

Moment-Distribution Method