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Stat 151 Assignment 5 Analysis Results

This document contains the results of several statistical tests performed on survey data: 1) Paired t-tests found significant differences in weekly news consumption and parents' ages. 2) Tests of BMI data found a significant difference between BMI and number of children, and BMI was significantly different than 0. 3) A test found no significant difference in BMI between males and females. 4) A chi-squared test found a significant association between preferred learning and teaching methods.

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137 views5 pages

Stat 151 Assignment 5 Analysis Results

This document contains the results of several statistical tests performed on survey data: 1) Paired t-tests found significant differences in weekly news consumption and parents' ages. 2) Tests of BMI data found a significant difference between BMI and number of children, and BMI was significantly different than 0. 3) A test found no significant difference in BMI between males and females. 4) A chi-squared test found a significant association between preferred learning and teaching methods.

Uploaded by

P Kaur
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Stat 151 Assignment 5

Question 1

(a)

(b)

a) Paired t-test for Weekly Hours of Consuming Election News Coverage:

The p-value is less than 0.05, indicating evidence against the null hypothesis. The 95% confidence
interval for the mean difference does not include 0, further supporting the conclusion that the true
mean difference is not equal to 0. The sample mean difference is -2.920455, suggesting that, on average,
students spend fewer weekly hours on election news coverage than their mothers.

(b) Paired t-test for Age of Father and Age of Mother:

The p-value is extremely low, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis. The 90% confidence
interval for the mean difference does not include 0, further supporting the conclusion that the true
mean difference is not equal to 0. The sample mean difference is 4.318182, suggesting that, on average,
the age of students' fathers is greater than the age of students' mothers.
In both cases, the p-values are very low, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis. The
confidence intervals also support these conclusions. The paired t-test results suggest that there are
significant differences in the parameters being tested (mean difference in weekly hours of consuming
election news coverage and mean difference in age), and the evidence suggests that these differences
are unlikely due to random variation

Question 2

(a)

Paired t-test for Mean Difference of BMI

The p-value is very close to zero, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis. The 99%
confidence interval for the mean difference does not include 0, further supporting the conclusion that
the true mean difference is not equal to 0. The sample mean difference is 29.56848, suggesting that
there is a significant difference between the mean BMI and the number of children.

(One Sample t-test for BMI):

The p-value is very close to zero, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis. The 95%
confidence interval for the mean BMI does not include 0, further supporting the conclusion that the true
mean BMI is significantly different from 0. The sample mean BMI is 30.6634, suggesting that the average
BMI of policyholders is significantly different from 0.

Both tests yield extremely low p-values, suggesting strong evidence against their respective null
hypotheses. The confidence intervals also support these conclusions. In both cases, the evidence
suggests that there are significant differences in the parameters being tested (mean difference of BMI
and children, and mean BMI) and that these differences are unlikely due to random variation.

(b)

The p-value is 0.08992, which is greater than the 0.01 significance level. This suggests that we do not
have strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The 95% confidence interval for the difference in
means (-1.21895043, 0.08819153) includes 0, further indicating that the true difference in means could
potentially be 0. The sample means for females and males are 30.37775 and 30.94313, respectively.

Based on the results of the Welch Two Sample t-test, we do not have sufficient evidence to conclude that
there is a significant difference in the means of BMI between females and males. The p-value is relatively
high, and the confidence interval includes 0, suggesting that the observed difference in means could be
due to random variation. This means that, at the 1% significance level, we fail to reject the null
hypothesis that the average BMI of females is equal to the average BMI of males.
Question 3

(a)

(b)

(c)

Based on the information provided that the data was collected from a sample of 44 students who took
Statistics at MacEwan in the summer term, and the sample was collected randomly, it suggests that the
assumption of a random sample is likely to be valid. When data is collected randomly, it means that each
individual within the population had an equal chance of being included in the sample. This helps to
reduce the potential for bias and ensures that the sample is representative of the larger population of
interest. With a randomly collected sample, the results of statistical analysis and inference can be more
confidently generalized to the entire population.
Question 4

The p-value is 0.04879, which is less than the chosen significance level of 0.01 (1%). This means that we
have sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

Since the p-value is less than 0.01, we can conclude that there is a significant association between the
preferred learning method and the preferred teaching method among the students. In other words, the
data provide enough evidence to suggest that the distribution of preferred teaching methods is not the
same across different preferred learning methods. Since the p-value is below 0.01, we still reject the null
hypothesis at the 1% significance level.

Common questions

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The Welch Two Sample t-test for BMI reveals a p-value of 0.08992, which is higher than the 0.01 significance level, indicating insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The 95% confidence interval for the difference in means includes 0, implying no significant difference in means between genders. The sample means for females and males are 30.37775 and 30.94313, respectively. This suggests that the observed differences in BMI might be due to random variation rather than a true underlying gender difference .

The paired t-test for ages of fathers and mothers yields an extremely low p-value, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis. The 90% confidence interval for the mean difference does not include 0, suggesting a true mean difference. The sample mean difference is 4.318182, indicating that, on average, fathers are older than mothers. This suggests a consistent age dynamic within the data set, implying a pattern of fathers being older in families .

The paired t-test for weekly hours of consuming election news coverage shows a p-value less than 0.05, indicating evidence against the null hypothesis. The 95% confidence interval for the mean difference does not include 0, supporting the conclusion that the true mean difference is not zero. The sample mean difference is -2.920455, suggesting that, on average, students spend fewer weekly hours on election news coverage than their mothers .

The data for the statistical analysis was collected from a randomly selected sample of 44 students from MacEwan's summer term, which supports the assumption of a random sample. Random sampling implies each individual had an equal chance of being included, reducing bias and enhancing representativeness of a larger population. As a result, statistical analysis and inferences drawn from this sample can be more confidently generalized to the entire population of interest, improving the reliability of conclusions .

The paired t-test for mean BMI differences related to the number of children shows a very low p-value, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis. The 99% confidence interval for the mean difference does not include 0, affirming that there is a significant mean difference. The sample mean difference is 29.56848, suggesting a statistically significant association between BMI and the number of children. This indicates a potential influence of the number of children on BMI variation .

The p-value for the association between preferred learning and teaching methods is 0.04879, less than the chosen significance level of 0.01, providing sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. This statistical significance implies a meaningful association between the two preferences, suggesting that students' preferred teaching methods are not uniformly distributed across different learning preferences .

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