C Programming QB Module 1 Part A Solutions

Ujjwal Acharya

1. List the major components of computer

The major components of a computer include:

1. Memory
2. Processor
3. I/O Devices
4. Storage and
5. Operating system

2. Define the term operating system.

The operating system provides services such as a user interface, file and database
access, and interfaces to communication systems such as Internet protocols. The
primary purpose of this software is to keep the system operating in an efficient manner
while allowing the users access to the system.

3. Define the term algorithm.

The Algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions, each of which has a clear meaning and
can be performed with a finite amount of effort in a finite length of time. No matter what
the input values may be, an algorithm terminates after executing a finite number of
instructions. We represent an algorithm using a pseudo-language that is a combination
of the constructs of a programming language together with informal English statements.
The ordered set of instructions required to solve a problem is known as an algorithm.

4. Define the term flowchart.

Flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm. Flowchart is very helpful in

writing program and explaining program to others. Different symbols are used for
different states in flowchart. For example: Input/Output and
decision making has different symbols.

5. Write the properties of an algorithm.

The properties of a good algorithm are:

1. Precision – the steps are precisely stated (defined).
2. Uniqueness – results of each step are uniquely defined and only depend on the input
and the result of the preceding steps.
3. Finiteness – the algorithm stops after a finite number of instructions are executed.

C Programming QB Module 1 Part A Solutions 1

 4. Input – the algorithm receives input.
5. Output – the algorithm produces output.
6. Generality – the algorithm applies to a set of inputs.

6. Write how a compiler works.

A Compiler is used to compile an entire program and an executable program is

generated through the object program. It translates the source code written in a high-
level language into the corresponding object code of the low-level
language, therefore making it accessible for the computer to process the information.
This translation process is called compilation and the entire high level program is
converted into the executable machine code file.

7. Compare the differences between compiler and an interpreter.

🅰 COMPILER 🅱 Interpreter

 A Compiler is used to compile an entire program  An interpreter is used to translate each line of the
and an executable program is generated through program code immediately as it is entered
the object program
 The executable program is generated in RAM and
 The executable program is stored in a disk for the interpreter is required for each run of the
future use or to run it in another computer program

 The compiled programs run faster  The Interpreted programs run slower

 Most of the Languages use compiler  A very few languages use interpreters

8. Write about datatypes in C.

C Programming QB Module 1 Part A Solutions 2

 9. List the rules for naming identifiers in C.

10. List the types of operators in C.

11. Explain operator precedence in C

Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression and decides

how an expression is evaluated. Certain operators have higher precedence than others.
For example, the multiplication operator has a higher precedence than the addition
operator.
For example, x = 7 + 3 * 2; here, x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has a higher
precedence than +, so it first gets multiplied with 32 and then adds into 7.

12. Compare & and * operators in C.

"*" Operator is used as pointer to a variable. Example: * a where * is pointer to the

variable a.

C Programming QB Module 1 Part A Solutions 3

 "&" Operator is used to get the address of the variable. Example: &a will give address of
a.

13. Find the output of the following program.

#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
1 < 2 ? return 1 : return 2;
}

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
(1 < 2)? return 1 : return 2;
}
//The Ternary operator accepts conditions and not statements. Since the return is a statement and not a condition, the above p
rogram will return an error

14. Find the output of the following program.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
printf("value is = %d",10;
}

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
printf("value is = %d",(10++));
}
//This code is returning Compilation Error

15. Find the output of the following program.

#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
const char var='A';
++var;
printf("%c",var);
}

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
const char var='A';
++var;
printf("%c",var);
}
//var here is a constant so the compiler will not iterate the characters

16. Find the output of the following program.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{

C Programming QB Module 1 Part A Solutions 4

 int x=(20 || 40 ) && 10;
printf("x= %d",x);
}

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x=(20 || 40 ) && (10);
printf("x= %d",x);
}
//Output: x= 1

17. Find the output of the following program.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
i = 1, 2, 3;
printf("%d", i);
return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
i = 1, 2, 3;
printf("%d", i);
return 0;
}
//Output: 1

18. Find the Output of thee following program.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=3,b=2;
a=a==b==0;
printf("%d,%d",a,b);
}

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=3,b=2;
a=a==b==0;
printf("%d,%d",a,b);
}
//Output: 1,2

19. Find the Output of thee following program.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a;
(int)a= 10;
printf("value of a=%d",a);

C Programming QB Module 1 Part A Solutions 5

 return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a;
(int)a= 10;
printf("value of a=%d",a);
return 0;
}
//Error as Line 5 is not valid

20. Find the Output of thee following program.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 2;
(x & 1? printf("true") : printf("false");
return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 2;
(x & 1)? printf("true") : printf("false");
return 0;
}
//Output: false

C Programming QB Module 1 Part A Solutions 6

 C Programming QB Module 1 Part B Solutions
Ujjwal Acharya

1. Explain in detail about computer hardware and software.

Computer Hardware: The hardware of a computer system can be referred to as

anything which we can touch and feel. Example: Keyboard and Mouse. The hardware of
a computer system can be classified as - Input Devices, Processing Devices, and Output
Devices.

Computer Software: The software of a computer system can be referred to as anything

which we can feel and see. Example: Windows, icons
Computer software is divided into two broad categories: system software and
application software.
System software manages the computer resources. It provides the interface between
the hardware and the users. Application software, on the other hand, is directly
responsible for helping users solve their problems.
System software consists of programs that manage the hardware resources of a
computer and perform required information processing tasks. These programs are
divided into three classes: the operating system, system support, and system
development.

2. Differentiate among high level, low level and middle level language.

High-Level Language:
→ They are easy to learn and programs may be written in these languages with much
less effort.
→ However, the computer cannot understand them and they need to be translated into
machine language with the help of other programs known as Compilers or Translators.
Like C, Java, Python, etc.
Low-Level Language:
→ The language whose design is governed by the circuitry and the structure of the
machine is known as the Low Level / Machine language.
→ This language is difficult to learn and use. It is specific to a given computer and is
different for different computers i.e. these languages are machine-dependent.
→ These languages have been designed to give better machine efficiency, i.e. faster
program execution. Such languages are also known as Low-Level Languages.

C Programming QB Module 1 Part B Solutions 1

 Middle-Level Language:
→ It bridges the gap between machine-understandable machine-level language and
more conventional high-level language. This programming helps in writing system
programming as well as application programming. Because C language has both the
feature of high level and low-level language so it is often called middle level language.

3. Differentiate among compiler, assembler and interpreter.

4. Define flowchart and explain different symbols used for constructing flowchart.

A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm. A flowchart is very helpful

in writing programs and explaining programs to others.
Different symbols are used for different states in a flowchart, For example, Input/Output
and
decision making has different symbols. The table below describes all the symbols that
are used in making a flowchart.

C Programming QB Module 1 Part B Solutions 2

 5. Explain structure of a C program with example.

Documentation section: The documentation section consists of a set of comment lines

giving the name of the program, the author, and other details, which the programmer
would like to use it later.
1. Link section: The link section provides instructions to the compiler to link functions
from the system library such as using the #include directive.
2. Definition section: The definition section defines all symbolic constants such as using
the #define directive.
3. Global declaration section: There are some variables that are used in more than one
function. Such variables are called global variables and are declared in the global
declaration section that is outside of all the functions. This section also declares all
the user-defined functions.
4. main () function section: Every C program must have one main function section. This
section contains two parts; the declaration part and the executable part
4.1. Declaration part: The declaration part declares all the variables used in the
executable part.
4.2. Executable part: There is at least one statement in the executable part. These two
parts must appear between the opening and closing braces. All statements in the
declaration and executable part end with a semicolon.
5. Subprogram section: If the program is a multi-function program then the subprogram
section contains all the user-defined functions that are called in the main () function.
6. User-defined functions are generally placed immediately after the main () function,
although they may appear in any order.

C Programming QB Module 1 Part B Solutions 3

 6. Explain all the data types with their ranges, examples.

7. Explain Process of compiling and running a C program.

C Programming QB Module 1 Part B Solutions 4

 8. What is variable? Give the rules for variable declaration.

C Programming QB Module 1 Part B Solutions 5

 9. Explain syntax with examples of printf() and scanf() statements.

10. Explain in detail about the types of operators in C.

C Programming QB Module 1 Part B Solutions 6

 11. Explain in detail about operator precedence and associativity in C.

C Programming QB Module 1 Part B Solutions 7

 12. Explain Type Conversion and type casting in C.

1. Type Casting:
In typing casting, a data type is converted into another data type by the programmer
using the casting operator during the program design. In typing casting, the destination
data type may be smaller than the source data type when converting the data type to
another data type, that’s why it is also called narrowing conversion.
2. Type conversion :
In type conversion, a data type is automatically converted into another data type by a
compiler at the compiler time. In type conversion, the destination data type cannot be
smaller than the source data type, that’s why it is also called widening conversion. One
more important thing is that it can only be applied to compatible data types.

13. Find the output of the following code.

#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
int k = 8;
int m = 7;
k < m ? k++ : m = k;
printf("%d", k);
}

The code here will throw back an error, as in Line 5, the assignment operator is not
declared properly for the relation m=k. If the correction is made as "m==k", then the
correct output will be 8.

14. Evaluate the following expressions:

1. a+=b*=c-=5 where a=3, b=5, c=8

2. int a,b; float x; a=4; b=5; x=b/a ;
3. int a,b; float x; a=4; b=5; x=(float)b/a;

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>

void main() { void main() { void main() {
int a=3,b=5,c=8; int a=4,b=5; int a=4,b=5;
printf("%d", a+=b*=c-=5); float x=b/a; float x;x=(float)b/a;
} printf("%f", x); printf("%f", x);
//Output: 18 } }
//Output: 1.000000 //Output: 1.250000

15. Find the output of the following code.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=10,b=2,x=0;
x=a+b*a+10/2*a;
printf("value is =%d",x);
}
//Ouput: value is =80

16. Find the output of the following code.

C Programming QB Module 1 Part B Solutions 8

 #include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a = 5 * 3 % 6 - 8 + 3;
printf("%d", a);
}
//Output: -2

17. Find the output of the following code.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char a = 'A';
char b = 'B';
int c = a + b % 3 - 3 * 2;
printf("%d\n", c);
}
//Output: 59

18. Find the output of the following code.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=0;
a = 10 + 5 * 2 * 8 / 2 + 4;
printf("%d", a);
return 0;
}
//Output: 54

19. Evaluate the following expressions:

1. x = a-b/3 + c*2 - 1 when a = 9, b= 12 & c = 13

2. 10 != 10 || 5 < 4 && 8
3. Evaluate the z=5%3/8*3+4

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>

int main() int main() int main()
{ { {
int a=9,b=12,c=13,x; int x; int z;
x = a-b/3 + c*2 - 1; x = 10 != 10 || 5 < 4 && 8; z=5%3/8*3+4;
printf("%d", x); printf("%d", x); printf("%d", z);
} } }
//Output: 30 //Output: 0 //Output: 4

20. Evaluate the following expression

6*2/ (2+1 * 2/3 + 6) + 8 * (8/4)

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x;
x=6*2/ (2+1 * 2/3 + 6) + 8 * (8/4);
printf("%d", x);
}
//Output: 17

C Programming QB Module 1 Part B Solutions 9

C-PROGRAMMING QB SOLUTIONS
Module-1
PART-C
@Suhruth

1. Find the output of the following program.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int x = 2, y = 0;

int z = (y++) ? y == 1 && x : 0;

printf("%d\n", z);

return 0;

Output: 0

2. Find the output of the following program.

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

int a, b = 10;

a = -b--;

printf("a = %d, b = %d", a, b);

Output: a = -10, b = 9

3. Find the output of the following program.

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

int a, b = 10;

a = b---;

printf("a = %d, b = %d", a, b);

return 0;
}

Output: Compilation error.

error: expected expression before ‘;’ token

a = b---;

warning: ‘return’ with a value, in function returning void

return 0;

4. Find the output of the following program.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int a = 2;

int b = 0;

int y = (b == 0)? a :(a > b) ? (b = 1): a;

printf("%d\n", y);

return 0;

Output: 2

5. Find the output of the following program.

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

int a=2, b=0;

int y= (a==0)? a : (a>b)?(b=1):a;

printf(“%d”, y);

Output: 1

6. Find the output of the following program.

#include <stdio.h>
void main( )

printf(“%d”, -11%5);

Output: -1

7. Find the output of the following Program.

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

int x=2, y=0;

int z= (y++) ? y==1 &&x : 0;

printf(“z=%d”, z);

Output: z=0

[Link] the output of the following Program.

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

int a=8, b=7;

int c= a<b?a++:b++;

printf(“a=%d, b=%d, c=%d”,a,b,c);

Output: a=8, b=8, c=7

[Link] the output of the following Program.

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

int a=8, b=7;

int c = a< b?a =b: ++b;

printf(“a=%d, b=%d, c=%d”,a,b,c);

}
Output: a=8, b=8, c=8

[Link] the output of the following Program.

#include <stdio h>

void main ( )

double x=28;

int y;

y= x%5;

printf (“\n y=%d”, y);

Output: Compilation error

error: invalid operands to binary % (have 'double' and 'int')

y= x % 5;