KISS Resources for the Australian Curriculum - Science

Year level
® KEEP IT SIMPLE SCIENCE KISS topic
number designation in
keep it simple science [Link]

Forces Topic 06.7P

Science Understanding Strand
Year 7 Physical Sciences B = Biological Sciences
C = Chemical Sciences
E = Earth & Space Sciences
P = Physical Sciences

WORKSHEETS
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Answer Section begins on p11

Suggested answers to the “Discussion / Activity” pages
(“OnScreen” resources) are in a separate file in the folder for this topic.

Topic 06.7P “Forces” Worksheets page 1 INSPECTION COPY for

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 KISS Resources for the Australian Curriculum - Science
® Make your own “Mind-Map” TITLE PAGE.
keep it simple science
Cut out the boxes. Sort them into an appropriate
lay-out on a page of your workbook, then glue them down.
Add connecting arrows and colour in.

Forces Force of
Force
of Gravity
Friction
Orbits &
Electrical
Forces & Magnetic Charges
Weightlessness

Their Effects Force

Magnetic Mass &
Fields Weight
Electrical
Force Forces,
Charging & Machines & Work
Discharging

INSPECTION COPY
for schools 2014

Make your own “Mind-Map” TITLE PAGE.

Cut out the boxes. Sort them into an appropriate
lay-out on a page of your workbook, then glue them down.
Add connecting arrows and colour in.

Forces Force of
Force
of Gravity
Friction
Orbits &
Electrical
Forces & Magnetic Charges
Weightlessness

Their Effects Force

Magnetic Mass &
Fields Weight
Electrical
Force Forces,
Charging & Machines & Work
Discharging

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keep it simple science
Worksheet 1
Forces Student Name.............................................
Fill in the blank spaces
A force is a a).................... or a b)................ They all work by k).......................................
Force is what causes things to begin to (increasing/decreasing) the time of the
c)......................, or to d)................... ........... collision. This l)..................................
and stop. Force can change the (increases/decreases) the forces acting.
e)...................... of something, such as in a
collision. Force can also change the Force is measured in units called
f).................................., such as when the m)................................., abbreviated n)........
g)......................... of a car get hot.
A simple way to measure forces in the
In a vehicle accident, huge h)....................... laboratory is to use a o)................................
can act on the people involved. Modern ....................... These are not very
safety devices work by i).............................. p)............................, but are quick and
these forces. These safety features simple to use.
include j)......................................., .............
..................... and ............................... zones.
INSPECTION COPY
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Worksheet 2
Machines & Work Student Name.............................................
Fill in the blank spaces, then try the Calculation Problem.
A “simple machine” is a device which can In Physics, “WORK” means the amount of
make a job a)....................... or b).................. m).......................... multiplied by the
by changing forces to our advantage. n)........................... over which the force is
Simple machines include c)........................., applied.
........................... and .................................
Calculation Problem
The photo shows a claw Using a “block & tackle” pulley system, a
hammer pulling out a bent mechanic is able to lift a heavy engine out
nail. This is an example of of a car, so he can work on it.
a d)................................... The forces and distances were:
which gives a e)......................... advantage. Load force = 2,500N.
Effort force = 500N
Distance moved by load = 1.5 m
The chain system of a bicycle is an
Distance moved by effort = 9 m
example of a f)................................. which
gives a g)................................ advantage. a) Calculate the WORK OUTPUT
Even though a machine can give an
advantage of h)............................... or b) Calculate the WORK INPUT
................................., it cannot give you
i)................ at once. You cannot get “some-
thing for j)...................................”. This is c) Was there a “force advantage”
because the “WORK OUTPUT” by the involved? Explain.
machine cannot be k)...................... than
the l)................ ........................... put into
the machine. d) Does this mean the mechanic got
“something for nothing”? Explain.

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keep it simple science Worksheet 3 Friction
Fill in the blank spaces Student Name.............................................
Friction is a a)........................ which always To go faster the engine must provide a
pushes in the b).......................... direction force l)........................... (larger/equal/small-
to the way anything is moving. This er) than friction.
means that friction always causes moving
things on Earth to c).................................... If the engine’s force is less than friction,
and eventually d).................. the car will m).....................................
However, in outer space there is no The amount of friction depends on many
e)...................... and no friction. A space factors. One is the amount of n)..................
craft with its f)......................... turned off, pressing the two surfaces together.
will coast along at g)......................... speed.
Another important factor is the o)...............
In a car on Earth, the only way to travel at ........................................................................
a constant h)....................... is to constantly of the two surfaces in contact. Friction
provide a i)......................... from the car’s depends on whether the surfaces are
j)............................ to overcome the rough or p)........................., wet or q)............
k)............................... force. and so on.

INSPECTION COPY
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Worksheet 4 More on Forces

Match the Lists Student Name.............................................
For each definition, write the letter of the
matching List Item.

Definitions matches with Fill in the blank spaces.

1. Type of force which acts
when things push or pull Many forces are known as “a).....................
when touching. ............ forces” because they only act when things
touch. There are also some forces which
2. Units of force. ............. push or pull without touching. These are
called “b)....................... forces”. Examples
3. A type of “field force”. ............. are c)............................, electrical force and
d).......................... force.
4. A change that forces
can cause. ............. Our modern understanding of forces
began with e)..................................................
5. Equipment to measure force. ............. (person) about 300 years ago.

List Items (not all will be used) He figured out how forces cause things to
A. spring balance f)........................ and to stop moving. He
B. gravity F. newton figured out that things fall down because
C. change of speed G. light of the force of g)...............................
D. volt
E. contact
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keep it simple science Worksheet 5 Student Name.............................................

An Experiment on Mass & Weight

You will need: Graph
spring balance 0-5 N
slotted 50g masses & mass carrier

Procedure: simple!
1. Start with (say) 100g mass. Record this
mass in both grams (g) and in kilograms
(kg) in a table.

2. Hang the mass on the spring balance

and record its weight in newtons (N).

3. Add another 50g or 100g and repeat

0
these measurements. 0

Data Table
For Discussion:
Mass Mass Weight 1. You may have found that the points on
(g) (kg) (N) the graph lie almost in a perfect straight
100 0.1 line. Why do you think they are not
perfectly lined up?

INSPECTION COPY
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2. Can you determine a mathematical way

Analysis: to calculate the weight (on the Earth’s
Construct a Line Graph of Mass (kg) (on surface) of any given mass?
horizontal) against Weight (N)(vertical).

A “line graph” means you plot points and

then “join the dots”. Use a ruler.

You’ll need to work out a suitable number 3. The ratio between Weight (N) and Mass
scale on each axis first. (kg) gives a special number we call “g”.
On the Earth’s surface g = 10. The value
Don’t forget to write a “Title”, and to label of “g” is different in different places.
the axes. (example: on the Moon, g = 1.6)
Can you find out the values for “g” on
other planets of our Solar System?

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keep it simple science Worksheet 6
Gravity Student Name.............................................
Fill in the blank spaces For example, an object on Earth has a
Gravity is a “a).............................. force” certain mass and weight. If the same
which acts on objects without object was taken to the Moon, its mass
b)............................... them. Gravitational would be m)..................................., but its
force c)......................... (attracts/repels) weight would be n)....................................
every object in the Universe.
All objects fall o)...........................................
under gravity, so long as p).........................
Gravity is what makes everything near the has no effect.
Earth d)................................... Gravity holds
the Earth in orbit around the e)................ A satellite in q)........................... around the
and holds all the stars together in a Earth is actually r).............................. under
f)................................... gravity. However, because of its “side-
ways” speed it curves downwards at the
Gravity pulls on everything which has same rate as the s).................................. of
g)....................... This is the amount matter the Earth, so it never reaches the surface.
in an object, measured in units of h).......... So long as there is no friction with the
t)................... (there is none in space) it
Your weight is the i)........................... due to continues to u)....................... around the
Earth without falling down.
j).......................... pulling on your mass.
The k)....................... of any object stays the Anything orbit or in free-fall has no
same, but its l)............................ changes v)........................... The object still has its
depending on where it is. w)........................, but is weightless.

Worksheet 7 Skills Exercise - Gravity

You need to have completed
Student Name.............................................
Worksheet 5 to be able to do this.

An astronaut who landed on a planet of our

Solar System did exactly the same
experiment as in Worksheet 5. INSPECTION COPY
Here are her results:
for schools only

Mass Mass Weight

(g) (kg) (N)
0.1 0.4
0.2 0.8
0.25 1.0
0

0
0.4 1.6
0.5 2.0 3. Your points should lie in a straight line.
Find the gradient (slope) of this line.
1. Fill in the first column of the table above. (gradient = vertical rise / horiz. run)

2. Graph the Mass(kg) against Weight(N).

(first label the axes, work out number 4. What is the value of “g” on this planet?
scales, and write a Title)
5. Which planet of our Solar System is the
astronaut most likely visiting?

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keep it simple science Worksheet 8
Magnetism Student Name.............................................
Fill in the blank spaces
Magnetism is a a)........................... force Every magnet has two ends, or
(contact/field) which can both b).................. k)”.........................” called north & south.
(pull towards) or c)..................... (push
away). Two magnets affect each other as follows:
Opposite poles l)................................ while
The Earth has a magnetic d)....................... m)..................... poles n)..............................
That is why a freely-rotating magnetic
needle (called a e)”...................................”) An electromagnet can be made by
always points in the f).............. - ................ wrapping o)............................... around an
direction. The Earth’s magnetic field also p).......................... bar and connecting it in
acts as a shield against dangerous an q).............................. circuit. The
g)...................................... from the Sun. magnetism can be turned on and off with
the r)...................................... This makes
A magnet will attract any metal containing electromagnets very useful in electric
h)................ The magnetic field can motors, s)............................. and
penetrate through substances such as .......................................
i)............................, but is blocked by any
j)................................
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Worksheet 9 Magnetic Poles

Each set of diagrams shows a number of Student Name.............................................
magnets with the “field lines” made S
visible using iron dust. 2.

Only one pole of one magnet is known.

Identify all the magetic poles
(write “N” or “S” on the diagrams).

1.

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keep it simple science Worksheet 10 Student Name........................................
Electrical Charges & Forces
Fill in the blank spaces
Electrostatic force is a a)............................ However, if two different substances are
(contact/field) force which acts between rubbed together, j)........................... can be
things that have an b)................................... rubbed off one type of atom onto the
charge. other.

Electric charges are carried by particles The substance which loses electrons now
within atoms. On the outside of every atom has a surplus of k)........................... charge.
are the c)................................. which carry That which gains electrons has an excess
d)............................ charge. In the of l)............................... charge.
e).............................(central part) of each If the substance is an electrical
atom are the f)................................ which m)......................., the charge cannot easily
carry g).......................... charge. (There are flow away.
also h)............................., which have no
charge.) Electric charges exert a force on each
Normally, the number of electrons and other as follows: Opposite charges
protons are i)....................... and cancel out. n)......................., while o)............................
charges p)............................

Worksheet 11 Student Name.............................................

More Electrical Charges & Forces

Briefly answer the questions 2.

[Link]
This girl was

Photo courtesy of
1. photographed while she
Each of these was touching a van der
electroscope balls Graaf generator.
were touched by a
rod which had Explain why her hair is standing up.
been rubbed with
a cloth.
a) Explain the way they are hanging.
3.
Fred discovered that if he rubbed his
shoes on the nylon carpet, then touched
b) Were they both touched by the same someone who was holding the handrail or
rod? Explain.
INSPECTION COPY a water tap, they got an electric
shock. Explain what’s happen-
for schools only
ing.

c) Complete this
sketch to show the
4.
effect of touching
both with the Why is it NOT wise to shelter under a tree
same rod. during a thunderstorm?

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 KISS Resources for the Australian Curriculum - Science
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keep it simple science Topic Test Student Name.............................................

Forces Score /
Answer all questions in the spaces provided
1. (10 marks) 2. (6 marks)
Match each description to an item from Give a brief explanation of each of the
the list. To answer, write the letter (A,B,C, following.
etc) of the list item beside the description. a) On Earth, a moving object (without
power) always slows down and stops, but
Description matches with List Item in space things can keep going without
power.
i) a field force which can
attract or repel things. .............

ii) Unit of force. ............. INSPECTION COPY

for schools only
iii) Contact force which always .............
opposes the motion of an object.
b) A compass needle always points in a
iv) Unit of mass. ............. north-south direction.

v) Constantly falling down

around the Earth, but never .............
reaching the ground.

vi) Coil of wire around an .............

iron bar.

vii) Force multiplied by the ............. c) Sometimes the more you brush your hair,
distance it acts over. the more it stands up on end.

viii) Type of electric charge carried

by an electron. .............

ix) Device for detecting electro-

static charges. ............. 3. (5 marks)
a) List 3 types of simple machines.
x) Static discharge from sky to
earth. .............

List Items (not all will be used) b) A simple machine can give you a “force
A. repel H. newton advantage”. What does this mean?
B. electromagnet I. electroscope
C. gravity J. orbit
D. negative K. positive
E. kg L. lightning c) “Force advantage” sounds like you are
F. friction M. neutrons getting something for nothing. Are you?
G. magnetism N. work Explain.

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Topic Test Forces (cont.)

4. (4 marks) 6. (4 marks)
True or False? Write “T” or “F” for each Back in the 1970’s, an astronaut on
the Moon carried out a famous
a) Objects in orbit are weightless because experiment. He dropped a hammer
there is no gravity up there. ......... and a feather at the same time.
b) Frictional force could never make Both objects fell very slowly, and hit
something go faster. ......... the ground at the same time.

c) A magnetic field can be blocked a) Why do you think they both fell
by a sheet of plastic or paper. ......... very slowly?
INSPECTION COPY
d) Objects can get a +ve charge for schools only
by gaining more protons. .........

5. (5 marks) b) Why did they hit the ground at

Fill in the blank spaces in these statements. the same time?

a) To measure force in the laboratory you can use

a ..................................................

b) Compared to being on Earth, an astronaut on

the Moon will have ........................ mass, but
................... weight. c) Would they hit the ground at the
(Choose from “less”, “the same” or “more”)
same time on Earth? Explain your
answer.
c) The common metal that is attracted by all
magnets is .........................................

d) If you rub a balloon on your woollen jumper,

the wool loses electrons. This means the balloon
gets a ........................... charge.

7. Additional Skills Question Your teacher will decide if you are to Mass v Weight
attempt this question or not. Calculator needed. (8 marks) on Jupiter
100

This graph shows the weight of different masses on the planet Jupiter.

a) What is the approx. weight of a 1 kg mass on Jupiter? .................

80
Weight Force (N)

b) What is the mass of an 80N weight on Jupiter? .................

60

c) Calculate the gradient (slope) of the graph. Show working below.

40

grad. = vert/horiz = ................. .................= .................

20

d) What is the value of “g” on Jupiter? .................

0

e) A 50kg person has a weight force of 500N on Earth. 0 1 2 3 4

What is the weight force of the same person on Jupiter? ................. Mass (kg)

f) What would this same person weigh when

in orbit around Jupiter? .................

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keep it simple science Answer Section
Worksheet 1 Worksheet 3
a) b) push or a pull a) force
c) move b) opposite
d) slow down c) slow down
e) shape INSPECTION COPY d) stop
f) temperature for schools only e) air
g) brakes f) engines
h) forces g) constant
i) reducing h) speed
j) seatbelts, airbags & crumple zones i) force
k) increasing j) engine
l) decreases k) friction
m) newtons n) N l) larger
o) spring balance m) slow down
p) accurate n) force
o) nature / materials
Worksheet 2 p) smooth
a) easier q) dry
b) faster (or move further)
c) levers, pulleys & gears Worksheet 4
d) lever (or machine) 1. E
e) force 2. F
f) pulley system 3. B
g) speed 4. C
h) force or speed/distance 5. A
i) both
j) nothing a) contact
k) greater / more b) field
l) work input c) gravity
m) force d) magnetic
n) distance e) Sir Isaac Newton
f) move
Calculation Problem g) gravity
a) Work Output = 2,500 x 1.5
= 3,750 units Worksheet 5
b) Work Input = 500 x 9
= 4,500 units Typical Data
c) Yes. Less effort force was required, so
the job was easier. Mass Mass Weight
d) No. The work output was less than input (g) (kg) (N)
so he did not get any “free” work. 100 0.1 1.0
(In fact, 750 units was “lost”, probably due 200 0.2 2.1
to friction.) 250 0.25 2.5
400 0.4 3.9
500 0.5 5.1

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Worksheet 5 (cont.) Worksheet 7
1. Masses in table
Weight Force of Different Masses 100, 200, 250, 400, 500.
Graph Weight and Mass
5
Note: although
not given as data on Another Planet

2.5
(0,0) is a point.
Zero mass must 2. Graph
4
have zero weight
Weight (N)

2.0
Weight (N)
3

Although these

1.5
points are not quite
2

in a straight line, it is
best to rule a straight

1.0
line as close to all as
1

possible, as shown.
“Line of best fit”

0.5
0

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Mass (kg)

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Mass (kg)
Discussion Questions
1. 3.
Probably because there is some gradient = vert/horiz = 2.0 / 0.5 = 4
“experimental error” in the measurements. 4.
Spring balances are often not very g = 4 (“g” is the ratio weight / mass)
accurate. 5.
If you researched to find the values of g on
2. other planets, you’ll know that planet Mars
You can see from the data table that if the has a g-value close to 4.
mass (kg) is multiplied by 10, you get the
value for weight (N), with a little experi- Worksheet 8
mental error. a) field
b) attract INSPECTION COPY
3. (Research) c) repel for schools only
some examples: d) field
on Jupiter, g = 27. e) compass
on Mars, g = 4. f) north-south
g) radiation
Worksheet 6 h) iron
a) field b) touching i) paper / plastic
c) attracts d) fall down j) metal
e) Sun f) galaxy k) poles
g) mass h) kilograms l) attract
i) force j) gravity m) the same
k) mass l) weight n) repel
m) the same n) different / less o) wire
o) at the same rate p) iron
p) air resistance q) electrical
q) orbit r) electricity
r) falling s) generators & speakers
s) surface
t) air
u) orbit
v) weight
w) mass
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Worksheet 9 Worksheet 11
1.
1. N S N S a) They are attracting each other because
they have opposite charges.
S
S N
2. b) No. If they were touched by the same
S N rod they would have the same charge and
would repel each other.
N

c)
N
N
S
S

S N

2.
Each hair has developed the same
electrical charge, so the hairs repel each
Worksheet 10 other. They all stand up trying to get away
a) field from each other.
b) electrical / electrostatic 3.
c) electrons Rubbing his shoes is causing a build-up
d) negative INSPECTION COPY of electric charge on Fred’s body. When he
e) nucleus touches someone who has a conducting
for schools only
f) protons connection to the ground, the static
g) positive charge discharges (“earths”) through
h) neutrons them and they get a shock.
i) equal 4.
j) electrons Trees are often struck by lightning
k) positive because it is a shorter path to the ground.
l) negative If you were under a tree when struck, you
m) insulator could be injured.
n) attract
o) same
p) repel

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4.
Topic Test a) F
b) T INSPECTION COPY
1. c) F for schools only
i) G vi) B d) F
ii) H vii) N
iii) F viii)D 5.
iv) E ix) I a) spring balance.
v) J x) L b) the same mass, but less weight.
c) iron.
2. d) negative.
a) On Earth there is always friction and air
resistance which slows things down. In 6.
space there is no air, no friction, so things a) Because the Moon’s gravity is less than
keep moving. Earth’s.
b) The Earth has a magnetic field and the b) All objects fall at the same rate due to
compass (a small magnet) rotates to line gravity.
itself up in the Earth’s field.
c) No, because air resistance on Earth
c) Brushing rubs the brush against the would slow the feather’s fall.
hair. This can transfer electrons one way (No air on the Moon!)
or the other, so each hair gets a static
charge. They each have the same charge, 7.
so they repel each other and stand up. a) approx 27 N
3. b) 3 kg
a) Levers, pulleys, gears
c) 80 / 3 = 27 (nearest whole number)
b) It makes a task easier by requiring less
force to move the load. d) 27 (g is the ratio of weight / mass)
c) No. Although the force is less, the e) 1350 N (mass x g)
amount of WORK INPUT is no less.
f) zero (weightless in orbit)

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