COMPENSATING

FILTRATION
Simple or complex system of placing a discretionary metal filter
(usually aluminum, usually wedge-shaped) on the path of the beam in
order to attenuate (reduce) a portion of the primary beam so as to
compensate for varying body part thicknesses in the same field of
view.
Compensating filter is designed to reduce
radiation to thinner body parts and
therefore provide more consistent
exposure and produce even
density/brightness radiographic images.
typically made of aluminum or
lead-impregnated clear plastic placed in
front of the collimator.
TYPES
Wedge Filter
PA chest
AP thoracic spine
Upright & Decubitus abdomens
AP and Y view of the shoulder
AP hip
AP Femur
AP Foot
[Link]
Axillary view of the shoulder page=product_info&cPath=38&products_id=100
Leg Length Filter for both CR-DR and film.
Can be used at both 72 to 100 inches.
The filter is graduated to decrease exposure
to the lower leg.
The thin portion is positioned at mid-thigh.
It has magnetic strips which make for easy
placement on the base plate.

[Link]
page=product_info&cPath=38&products_id=987
Lateral Cervical Spine Filter

[Link]
?main_page=product_info&cPath=38&pro
ducts_id=103
Shoulder X-ray Filter
Primary uses are for the
AP and Y view of the
shoulder to reduce
overexposure of the AC
joint and distal end of the
clavicle for easy viewing.
It can also be used for the
lateral knee to reduce
overexposure of the
patella. [Link]
_info&cPath=38&products_id=99
Other Types of Compensating Filter
Compound
Bilateral wedge or trough – chest
Bow-tie – CT for head or body
 COMPENSATING FILTER
SHOULD BE USED FOR
THE FOLLOWING:
Spine
Femur
Shoulder
Foot
Note: the thicker part of the filter is positioned
over the thinner part of the anatomical structured
to be X-rayed.
THREE GROUP FACTORS:
PATIENT FACTORS
IMAGE QUALITY FACTORS
EXPOSURE TECHNIQUE
FACTORS
BODY
HABITUS
THE GENERAL SIZE AND
SHAPE OF A PATIENT
FOUR STATES
1. STHENIC
2. HYPOSTHENIC
3. HYPERSTHENIC
4. ASTHENIC
THICKNESS
THICKER PATIENT: MORE
RADIATION IS REQUIRED

CALIPER: USED TO MEASURE THE

THICKNESS OF THE ANATOMY
 ❖ SOFT TISSUE: LOW kVp and HIGH mAs
❖THIN BODY PART: LOW kVp
❖CHEST: HIGH SUBJECT CONTRAST
❖ABDOMEN: LOW SUBJECT
COMPOSI CONTRAST
TION ❖LUNG TISSUE: LOW MASS DENSITY
❖BONE STRUCTURE: HIGH MASS
DENSITY
❖MEDIASTINAL STRUCTURE:
INTERMEDIATE MASS DENSITY
RADIOLUCENT TISSUE
IT ATTENUATES FEW
XRAYS
APPEARANCE: BLACK
RADIOPAQUE TISSUE
IT ABSORBS X-RAYS
APPEARANCE: WHITE
 INFLUENCES RADIOGRAPHIC
PATHOL TECHNIQUE:
SIZE OF PATHOLOGY
OGY TYPE OF PATHOLOGY
COMPOSITION OF PATHILOGY
1. DESTRUCTIVE
PATHOLOGY
2. CONSTRUCTIVE
PATHOLOGY