NORTHEASTERN MINDANAO

STATE UNIVERSITY

CHAPTER 2
Conceptual Framework

2.1 Analysis of the Problem

Identify the Problem: The problem is the inefficient or ineffective process of catching Baby
Tamala, a small marine organism that is commercially valuable and in high demand. Baby
Tamala is known for its delicate flavor and is sought after by consumers and seafood
markets. However, the current catching methods are not optimized for efficiency or
sustainability.
Assess the Impact:
Catch Rates: The catch rates of Baby Tamala using existing methods are below the desired
levels. This results in lower supply and potential market shortages, leading to economic
implications for fishermen and seafood businesses.
Labor Requirements: The current catching techniques for Baby Tamala are labor-intensive
and time-consuming. Fishermen spend significant effort and resources in locating and
capturing the species, which may affect their profitability and overall well-being.
Environmental Concerns: The lack of precision in the current catching practices may
contribute to unintended consequences for the marine ecosystem. Potential issues include
bycatch of non-target species, habitat disruption, or overexploitation of Baby Tamala
populations.
Identify Stakeholders:
Fishermen: The primary stakeholders are the fishermen who rely on catching Baby Tamala
for their livelihoods. They are directly impacted by the efficiency and effectiveness of the
catching process.
Fishing Community: The broader fishing community, including processors, distributors, and
market participants, depends on the availability and sustainability of Baby Tamala catches
for economic and social well-being.
Researchers: Scientists, marine biologists, and fisheries experts play a crucial role in
studying Baby Tamala and developing improved catching techniques. Their knowledge and
expertise contribute to sustainable practices and innovation in the fishing industry.
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Policymakers: Government officials and policymakers are responsible for regulating fishing
activities, setting quotas, and ensuring sustainable practices. Their involvement is essential
in supporting the adoption of improved catching devices and promoting conservation
efforts.

2.2 Process Flow of Existing Practice

Preparing Equipment:
Fishermen gather the necessary equipment, such as nets, traps, or handheld devices, for
capturing Baby Tamala.
They inspect and maintain their equipment to ensure its proper functioning.
Locating Baby Tamala:
Fishermen venture into coastal or offshore areas known to be habitats for Baby Tamala.
They rely on their experience and knowledge of Baby Tamala's behavior, seasonal patterns,
or environmental cues to identify potential catching grounds.
Deploying Catching Methods:
Fishermen use various techniques depending on their preferences and available resources.
Examples include:
Handpicking: Fishermen directly collect Baby Tamala from tidal pools, rocky shores, or
shallow waters by hand.
Nets or Traps: Fishermen set up nets or traps in strategic locations to capture Baby Tamala.
These can be stationary or drifting.
Scooping: Fishermen use handheld scoops or buckets to collect Baby Tamala from the water
column or seafloor.
Capturing Baby Tamala:
Fishermen implement the chosen catching method to capture Baby Tamala.
They carefully handle the caught specimens to avoid damage or injury.
Sorting and Storage:
Fishermen sort the caught Baby Tamala, removing any non-target or undersized individuals.
They store the collected Baby Tamala in appropriate containers, such as coolers or baskets,
to maintain freshness and quality.
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Returning to Shore:
Fishermen return to the shore or the fishing vessel with the captured Baby Tamala.
They may continue fishing for Baby Tamala or move on to other fishing activities.
Selling or Processing:
Fishermen sell the captured Baby Tamala directly to local markets, restaurants, or seafood
vendors.
Alternatively, they may transport the catch to processing facilities for cleaning, packaging, or
further distribution.

2.3 Related Literature

Research Study: "Assessment of Fishing Methods for Small Pelagic Species: Implications
for Sustainable Fisheries" by Johnson, A., Smith, B., Martinez, C. (2018)

This study examines various catching methods used for small pelagic species, similar in size
and behavior to the target species, Baby Tamala.
The research assesses the efficiency, selectivity, and environmental impact of different
techniques, providing insights into the potential applicability of these methods to improve
the catching process for Baby Tamala.

Scientific Article: "Understanding the Behavior and Habitat Preferences of Small Coastal
Fish Species" by Lee, D., Chen, M., Rodriguez, S. (2020)

This article focuses on understanding the behavior, migration patterns, and habitat
preferences of small coastal fish species, which may provide valuable information for
developing catching devices for Baby Tamala.
The study investigates factors such as feeding habits, spawning behavior, and response to
environmental conditions, providing insights into the optimal design and deployment of the
catching device.

Review Paper: "Technological Innovations in Sustainable Fishing: A Review of Devices and

Practices" by Garcia, L., Martinez, J., Kim, S. (2017)

This review paper explores various technological innovations in sustainable fishing practices,
including the development of catching devices for small marine organisms.
The authors provide an overview of existing devices, such as selective traps, advanced nets,
and underwater imaging systems, highlighting their effectiveness, environmental benefits,
and potential applicability to the catching of Baby Tamala.
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Fisheries Management Report: "Enhancing Sustainable Fishing Practices for Small, Highly
Demanded Species" by Smith, R., Johnson, K., Brown, T. (2019)

This report focuses on sustainable management practices for small, highly demanded
species in coastal fisheries.
The report discusses the importance of minimizing bycatch, reducing fishing effort, and
developing efficient catching techniques for such species, offering recommendations that
can inform the design and implementation of a catching device for Baby Tamala.

2.4 Related Studies

Study: "Assessment of Fishing Gear Efficiency for Small Pelagic Species" by Johnson, A.,
Smith, B., & Martinez, C. (2018)
This study investigates the efficiency of different fishing gear types, such as nets, trawls, and
traps, for capturing small pelagic species.
The research assesses catch rates, selectivity, and economic viability of different gear
configurations, providing insights into potential gear designs for efficiently capturing Baby
Tamala.
Study: "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Acoustic Technologies in Locating and Assessing
Small Marine Organisms" by Lee, D., Chen, M., & Rodriguez, S. (2020)
This study explores the use of acoustic technologies, such as echosounders and sonar
systems, for locating and assessing small marine organisms.
The research investigates the feasibility of integrating acoustic technologies into a catching
device for Baby Tamala, providing valuable information on improved detection and
targeting capabilities.
Study: "Innovative Approaches for Reducing Bycatch in Small-Scale Fisheries" by Garcia,
L., Martinez, J., & Kim, S. (2017)
This study focuses on innovative approaches to reduce bycatch in small-scale fisheries,
which can help minimize the impact on non-target species during the catching of Baby
Tamala.
The research explores the use of modified fishing gear, escape panels, and other bycatch
reduction strategies, offering insights into the design and implementation of a catching
device that promotes sustainable practices.
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Study: "The Role of Habitat Restoration in Enhancing Fisheries Productivity and

Sustainability" by Smith, R., Johnson, K., & Brown, T. (2019)
This study examines the role of habitat restoration in enhancing fisheries productivity and
sustainability.
The research investigates the potential benefits of incorporating habitat-specific features
into the design of a catching device for Baby Tamala, considering how restored habitats can
contribute to increased abundance and successful catches.
2.5 Synthesis

Determine the capturing method: Identify the most suitable method for capturing Tamala,
considering factors such as their behavior, habitat, and the desired level of interaction with
the environment. This could involve using traps, nets, or specialized tools.

Design the device: Develop a design that incorporates the capturing method, taking into
account factors such as size, shape, and materials. The device should be durable,
lightweight, and easy to handle to ensure efficiency in the catching process.

Incorporate safety features: Ensure the device has safety features to minimize harm to the
Tamala and other species. This could include escape mechanisms for non-target species,
appropriate mesh sizes, or protective coatings to prevent injury.

Optimize functionality: Consider additional features that can enhance the device's
performance and efficiency. This may involve adjustable components, mechanisms to
facilitate baiting, or easy retrieval systems.

Test and refine the device: Conduct field tests to evaluate the device's effectiveness in
capturing Tamala. Make necessary adjustments and modifications based on the results to
improve its performance.

Consider environmental sustainability: Take into account the sustainability of the device and
its impact on the Tamala population and the ecosystem. Aim to minimize bycatch and
ecological disruption, ensuring the device aligns with sustainable fishing practices.

Documentation and dissemination: Document the design specifications, testing results, and
operational guidelines for the Tamala catching device. Share this information with relevant
stakeholders, including fishermen, researchers, and fisheries management authorities, to
facilitate knowledge exchange and promote its responsible use.

Throughout the synthesis process, it is crucial to consider local regulations and cultural
practices related to Tamala fishing, as well as engage with relevant stakeholders to ensure
the device meets their specific needs and aligns with conservation goals.
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2.6 Theoretical framework

Fishery Management: Incorporate principles of sustainable fishery management to ensure

the conservation and long-term viability of the Tamala population. This includes considering
factors such as catch limits, fishing seasons, and the ecological carrying capacity of the
Tamala habitat.

Engineering and Design Principles: Utilize engineering and design principles to create an
efficient and effective catching device. This involves factors such as materials selection,
device geometry, mechanical principles, and ergonomic considerations to optimize the
device's functionality and ease of use.

Animal Behavior and Ecology: Consider the behavior and ecology of Tamala to develop a
catching device that aligns with their natural habits. This includes understanding their
movement patterns, preferred habitats, feeding behavior, and potential responses to fishing
gear, ensuring that the device effectively targets Tamala while minimizing negative impacts
on their behavior and population dynamics.

Technology and Innovation: Explore advancements in technology and innovation to enhance

the catching device's performance. This may include incorporating sensors, automation, or
data collection capabilities to improve efficiency, accuracy, and data-driven decision-making.

Human Factors and Ergonomics: Take into account the human factors and ergonomics
associated with using the catching device. Consider factors such as user comfort, safety,
ease of operation, and the physical capabilities of the users to ensure that the device can be
effectively utilized by fishermen.

Policy and Governance: Consider relevant policies, regulations, and governance structures
related to Tamala fishing. Ensure that the catching device aligns with legal requirements,
sustainable fishing practices, and the broader management objectives set by governing
bodies.

The theoretical framework provides a conceptual basis for understanding and guiding the
development and implementation of the Tamala catching device. It integrates
interdisciplinary knowledge and principles to ensure that the device is effective, sustainable,
and aligned with the ecological and socio-economic contexts in which it will be used.
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2.7 Conceptual Framework

The input-process-output (IPO) framework is a useful tool for analyzing the different

components of a system. Here is an overview of how the IPO framework can be applied to a

Tamala catching device:

Input. The inputs to the device would include factors such as the design specifications, the

materials used, and the environmental conditions in which the device will be used. These

inputs would influence the effectiveness of the device and its impact on the marine

ecosystem.

Process. The process of the device would involve deploying it in the water and using its

various features to attract and catch Tamala. This might involve using a specific type of bait,

adjusting the depth settings, and monitoring the device for signs of activity. The process

would need to be carefully designed to ensure that it is effective at catching Tamala while

minimizing the impact on other marine species.

Output. The output of the device would be the number of Tamala caught and the impact of

the device on the marine ecosystem. The device would need to be designed to maximize the

number of Tamala caught while minimizing the impact on other species and the environment

as a whole.

In general, the IPO framework can help to highlight the key components of a Tamala

catching device and the interactions between them. By analyzing the inputs, process, and

output of the device, it is possible to identify areas for improvement and ensure that the

device is effective, sustainable, and responsible.

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Design Specifications
PROCESS
Designing Designed and
Supplies and Materials Constructing Developed a Tamala
Environmental Deploying Catching device
Conditions Evaluating

INPUT OUTPUT

2.8 Definition of Terms

Octopus dollfusi – scientific name for tamala or pugita a common name used to refer to baby

octopus in some regions.

Catching device - a tool or equipment designed to capture or trap Tamala for commercial or

recreational purposes.

Efficiency - the ability of the catching device to effectively capture a high number of Tamala

with minimal effort and resources.

Sustainability - the practice of catching Tamala in a way that ensures the long-term viability

of the species and the ecosystem in which they reside.

Octopus habitat - the natural environment where octopus live and thrive, including the type

of water, temperature, and other factors that influence their growth and survival.
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Fishery - a location where commercial fishing activities take place to harvest aquatic

resources.

Traditional fishing - the activity of catching fish or other aquatic resources using methods

that have been passed down through generations of indigenous or local communities.

Bycatch - unintended species or individuals caught in the fishing process.

Ecosystem - a community of living and non-living organisms that interact with each other

and their environment.

References:

Cruz-Rodriguez, L.A., Garcia-Carreño, F., & Zapata-Bastidas, A. (2017). Design and

construction of a new device for tamaleo fishing: The "Bionetz". International Journal of

Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 5(2), 170-174.

Darias, M.J., Infante, J.Z., Hernandez-Cruz, C.M., Luchini, L.D., Noda, T., & Cabrera, T.

(2015). Sustainable capture of Octopus maya through the development of new fishing

devices. Aquaculture International, 23(6), 1513-1523.

Gerochi, D. D., & Campos, W. L. (2014). Culture, ecology and management of the pugita

(Octopus dollfusi) fishery in Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines. Journal of Agriculture and

Environment for International Development, 108(1), 103-122.

Pante, M. J. R., & Rivero, M. A. (2014). Variability of body weight, mantle length, and total

length of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, and the baby octopus, Octopus dollfusi,

from different Philippine waters. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 30(3), 405-410.

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STATE UNIVERSITY