Name: _______________________________________________________________ Name: _______________________________________________________
Section: ______________________________________________________________ Section: ______________________________________________________ Name: _______________________________________________________
After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Explain the importance of After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Explain the importance of Section: ______________________________________________________
cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Explain the importance of
cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding.
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Cultural differences are dominant than Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Cultural differences are dominant than
cultural universal, despite how much individuals have similarity. Cultural Universals cultural universal, despite how much individuals have similarity. Cultural Universals Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Cultural differences are dominant than
are traits that are parts of every known culture. These include bodily adornment, are traits that are parts of every known culture. These include bodily adornment, cultural universal, despite how much individuals have similarity. Cultural Universals
courtship, dancing, education, food taboos, funeral rite, etc. Cultural Universals give courtship, dancing, education, food taboos, funeral rite, etc. Cultural Universals give are traits that are parts of every known culture. These include bodily adornment,
rise to Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity/Relativism. rise to Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity/Relativism. courtship, dancing, education, food taboos, funeral rite, etc. Cultural Universals give
rise to Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity/Relativism.
Cultural Relativism refers to the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards Cultural Relativism refers to the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards
rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture. Ruth Benedict (1887– rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture. Ruth Benedict (1887– Cultural Relativism refers to the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards
1948) anthropologist argued that each culture has an internally consistent pattern of 1948) anthropologist argued that each culture has an internally consistent pattern of rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture. Ruth Benedict (1887–
thoughts and actions, which alone could be the basis for judging the merits and thoughts and actions, which alone could be the basis for judging the merits and 1948) anthropologist argued that each culture has an internally consistent pattern of
morality of the culture’s practices. Cultural relativism requires an open mind and a morality of the culture’s practices. Cultural relativism requires an open mind and a thoughts and actions, which alone could be the basis for judging the merits and
willingness to consider, and even adapt to, new values and norms. The logic of willingness to consider, and even adapt to, new values and norms. The logic of morality of the culture’s practices. Cultural relativism requires an open mind and a
cultural relativism is at the basis of contemporary policies of multiculturalism. cultural relativism is at the basis of contemporary policies of multiculturalism. willingness to consider, and even adapt to, new values and norms. The logic of
Multiculturalism refers to both the fact of the existence of a diversity of cultures Multiculturalism refers to both the fact of the existence of a diversity of cultures cultural relativism is at the basis of contemporary policies of multiculturalism.
within one territory and to a way of conceptualizing and managing cultural diversity. within one territory and to a way of conceptualizing and managing cultural diversity. Multiculturalism refers to both the fact of the existence of a diversity of cultures
within one territory and to a way of conceptualizing and managing cultural diversity.
Ethnocentrism, as sociologist William Graham Sumner (1840-1910) described the Ethnocentrism, as sociologist William Graham Sumner (1840-1910) described the
term, involves a belief or attitude that one’s own culture is better than all others term, involves a belief or attitude that one’s own culture is better than all others Ethnocentrism, as sociologist William Graham Sumner (1840-1910) described the
(1906). Ethnocentrism can be so strong that when confronted with all the differences (1906). Ethnocentrism can be so strong that when confronted with all the differences term, involves a belief or attitude that one’s own culture is better than all others
of a new culture, one may experience disorientation and frustration. In sociology, we of a new culture, one may experience disorientation and frustration. In sociology, we (1906). Ethnocentrism can be so strong that when confronted with all the differences
call this culture shock. call this culture shock. of a new culture, one may experience disorientation and frustration. In sociology, we
call this culture shock.
Name: _______________________________________________________ Name: _______________________________________________________
Section: ______________________________________________________ Section: ______________________________________________________ Name: _______________________________________________________
After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Explain the importance of After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Explain the importance of Section: ______________________________________________________
cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Explain the importance of
cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding.
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Cultural differences are dominant than Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Cultural differences are dominant than
cultural universal, despite how much individuals have similarity. Cultural Universals cultural universal, despite how much individuals have similarity. Cultural Universals Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Cultural differences are dominant than
are traits that are parts of every known culture. These include bodily adornment, are traits that are parts of every known culture. These include bodily adornment, cultural universal, despite how much individuals have similarity. Cultural Universals
courtship, dancing, education, food taboos, funeral rite, etc. Cultural Universals give courtship, dancing, education, food taboos, funeral rite, etc. Cultural Universals give are traits that are parts of every known culture. These include bodily adornment,
rise to Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity/Relativism. rise to Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity/Relativism. courtship, dancing, education, food taboos, funeral rite, etc. Cultural Universals give
rise to Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity/Relativism.
Cultural Relativism refers to the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards Cultural Relativism refers to the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards
rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture. Ruth Benedict (1887– rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture. Ruth Benedict (1887– Cultural Relativism refers to the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards
1948) anthropologist argued that each culture has an internally consistent pattern of 1948) anthropologist argued that each culture has an internally consistent pattern of rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture. Ruth Benedict (1887–
thoughts and actions, which alone could be the basis for judging the merits and thoughts and actions, which alone could be the basis for judging the merits and 1948) anthropologist argued that each culture has an internally consistent pattern of
morality of the culture’s practices. Cultural relativism requires an open mind and a morality of the culture’s practices. Cultural relativism requires an open mind and a thoughts and actions, which alone could be the basis for judging the merits and
willingness to consider, and even adapt to, new values and norms. The logic of willingness to consider, and even adapt to, new values and norms. The logic of morality of the culture’s practices. Cultural relativism requires an open mind and a
cultural relativism is at the basis of contemporary policies of multiculturalism. cultural relativism is at the basis of contemporary policies of multiculturalism. willingness to consider, and even adapt to, new values and norms. The logic of
Multiculturalism refers to both the fact of the existence of a diversity of cultures Multiculturalism refers to both the fact of the existence of a diversity of cultures cultural relativism is at the basis of contemporary policies of multiculturalism.
within one territory and to a way of conceptualizing and managing cultural diversity. within one territory and to a way of conceptualizing and managing cultural diversity. Multiculturalism refers to both the fact of the existence of a diversity of cultures
within one territory and to a way of conceptualizing and managing cultural diversity.
Ethnocentrism, as sociologist William Graham Sumner (1840-1910) described the Ethnocentrism, as sociologist William Graham Sumner (1840-1910) described the
term, involves a belief or attitude that one’s own culture is better than all others term, involves a belief or attitude that one’s own culture is better than all others Ethnocentrism, as sociologist William Graham Sumner (1840-1910) described the
(1906). Ethnocentrism can be so strong that when confronted with all the differences (1906). Ethnocentrism can be so strong that when confronted with all the differences term, involves a belief or attitude that one’s own culture is better than all others
of a new culture, one may experience disorientation and frustration. of a new culture, one may experience disorientation and frustration. (1906). Ethnocentrism can be so strong that when confronted with all the differences
of a new culture, one may experience disorientation and frustration.
DIRECTIONS: Read the statements carefully and identify if it implies ethnocentrism or DIRECTIONS: Read the statements carefully and identify if it implies ethnocentrism or
DIRECTIONS: Read the statements carefully and identify if it implies ethnocentrism or cultural relativism. Write the answers on the space provided. cultural relativism. Write the answers on the space provided.
cultural relativism. Write the answers on the space provided. ____________1. Pedro believes that tribe paint their faces for ____________1. Pedro believes that tribe paint their faces for
____________1. Pedro believes that tribe paint their faces for religious ceremonies, there must be a good religious ceremonies, there must be a good
religious ceremonies, there must be a good reason why he do that. reason why he do that.
reason why he do that. ____________2. Linda uses her culture to judge other culture. ____________2. Linda uses her culture to judge other culture.
____________2. Linda uses her culture to judge other culture. ____________3. Celso understands the culture of the others. ____________3. Celso understands the culture of the others.
____________3. Celso understands the culture of the others. ____________4. Americans believe that their culture is better than British. ____________4. Americans believe that their culture is better than British.
____________4. Americans believe that their culture is better than British. ____________5. Other countries express disgust at other culture cuisines and think ____________5. Other countries express disgust at other culture cuisines and think
____________5. Other countries express disgust at other culture cuisines and think that it’s gross. that it’s gross.
that it’s gross. ____________6. Philippine government does not ban any religious activities. ____________6. Philippine government does not ban any religious activities.
____________6. Philippine government does not ban any religious activities. ____________7. Mr. Henry Sy believes that men and women are equal in workplace. ____________7. Mr. Henry Sy believes that men and women are equal in workplace.
____________7. Mr. Henry Sy believes that men and women are equal in workplace. ____________8. Some tribes isolate themselves from others because they are a ____________8. Some tribes isolate themselves from others because they are a
____________8. Some tribes isolate themselves from others because they are a threat to them. threat to them.
threat to them. ____________9. Ana and Pedro have different religions. However, they respect each ____________9. Ana and Pedro have different religions. However, they respect each
____________9. Ana and Pedro have different religions. However, they respect each other. other.
other. ____________10. Pampangeños prefer to look at the other ____________10. Pampangeños prefer to look at the other
____________10. Pampangeños prefer to look at the other regional cultures likely similar. regional cultures likely similar.
regional cultures likely similar. ____________11. People from Visaya are often bullied by ____________11. People from Visaya are often bullied by
____________11. People from Visaya are often bullied by people in the metro manila because of their cultural language. people in the metro manila because of their cultural language.
people in the metro manila because of their cultural language. ____________12. People criticize the traditional alive foods of Chinese ____________12. People criticize the traditional alive foods of Chinese
____________12. People criticize the traditional alive foods of Chinese ____________13. Using spoon and fork at the same time in Canada is prohibited ____________13. Using spoon and fork at the same time in Canada is prohibited
____________13. Using spoon and fork at the same time in Canada is prohibited ____________14. Having multiple wives in Muslim is being judged by monotonous ____________14. Having multiple wives in Muslim is being judged by monotonous
____________14. Having multiple wives in Muslim is being judged by monotonous religions. religions.
religions. ____________15. Americans and other countries in Asia adopted the sushi food of ____________15. Americans and other countries in Asia adopted the sushi food of
____________15. Americans and other countries in Asia adopted the sushi food of Japan and created their own sushi restaurants. Japan and created their own sushi restaurants.
Japan and created their own sushi restaurants.
DIRECTIONS: Read the statements carefully and identify if it implies ethnocentrism or DIRECTIONS: Read the statements carefully and identify if it implies ethnocentrism or
DIRECTIONS: Read the statements carefully and identify if it implies ethnocentrism or cultural relativism. Write the answers on the space provided. cultural relativism. Write the answers on the space provided.
cultural relativism. Write the answers on the space provided. ____________1. Pedro believes that tribe paint their faces for ____________1. Pedro believes that tribe paint their faces for
____________1. Pedro believes that tribe paint their faces for religious ceremonies, there must be a good religious ceremonies, there must be a good
religious ceremonies, there must be a good reason why he do that. reason why he do that.
reason why he do that. ____________2. Linda uses her culture to judge other culture. ____________2. Linda uses her culture to judge other culture.
____________2. Linda uses her culture to judge other culture. ____________3. Celso understands the culture of the others. ____________3. Celso understands the culture of the others.
____________3. Celso understands the culture of the others. ____________4. Americans believe that their culture is better than British. ____________4. Americans believe that their culture is better than British.
____________4. Americans believe that their culture is better than British. ____________5. Other countries express disgust at other culture cuisines and think ____________5. Other countries express disgust at other culture cuisines and think
____________5. Other countries express disgust at other culture cuisines and think that it’s gross. that it’s gross.
that it’s gross. ____________6. Philippine government does not ban any religious activities. ____________6. Philippine government does not ban any religious activities.
____________6. Philippine government does not ban any religious activities. ____________7. Mr. Henry Sy believes that men and women are equal in workplace. ____________7. Mr. Henry Sy believes that men and women are equal in workplace.
____________7. Mr. Henry Sy believes that men and women are equal in workplace. ____________8. Some tribes isolate themselves from others because they are a ____________8. Some tribes isolate themselves from others because they are a
____________8.Some tribes isolate themselves from others because they are a threat to them. threat to them.
threat to them. ____________9. Ana and Pedro have different religions. However, they respect each ____________9. Ana and Pedro have different religions. However, they respect each
____________9. Ana and Pedro have different religions. However, they respect each other. other.
other. ____________10. Pampangeños prefer to look at the other ____________10. Pampangeños prefer to look at the other
____________10. Pampangeños prefer to look at the other regional cultures likely similar. regional cultures likely similar.
regional cultures likely similar. ____________11. People from Visaya are often bullied by ____________11. People from Visaya are often bullied by
____________11. People from Visaya are often bullied by people in the metro manila because of their cultural language. people in the metro manila because of their cultural language.
people in the metro manila because of their cultural language. ____________12. People criticize the traditional alive foods of Chinese ____________12. People criticize the traditional alive foods of Chinese
____________12. People criticize the traditional alive foods of Chinese ____________13. Using spoon and fork at the same time in Canada is prohibited ____________13. Using spoon and fork at the same time in Canada is prohibited
____________13. Using spoon and fork at the same time in Canada is prohibited ____________14. Having multiple wives in Muslim is being judged by monotonous ____________14. Having multiple wives in Muslim is being judged by monotonous
____________14. Having multiple wives in Muslim is being judged by monotonous religions. religions.
religions. ____________15. Americans and other countries in Asia adopted the sushi food of ____________15. Americans and other countries in Asia adopted the sushi food of
____________15. Americans and other countries in Asia adopted the sushi food of Japan and created their own sushi restaurants. Japan and created their own sushi restaurants.
Japan and created their own sushi restaurants.
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Quarter 1 – Economic symbols – used in production, distribution, and
Module 4: Analyze the Significance of Cultural, Social, consumption of goods and services like currency, market,
Political, and Economic Symbols and Practices labor, demands and other economic activities.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Identify cultural, social, political, and economic symbols.
2. Discuss cultural, social, political, and economic practices.
3. Analyze the significance of cultural, social, political, and economic
symbols and practices.
Cultural, Social, Political and Economic Symbols and Practices
Symbol is an object, word, or action that stands for something
else, without natural relationship, that is culturally defined.
Symbols such as gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words,
help people understand the world. Symbols provide clues to
understanding experiences. They relay recognizable meanings
that are shared by societies. Symbolism, on the other hand, is
when something represents abstract ideas or concepts; it
assigns names, denominations, and defines relations between
various elements (actors, actions, goals, means, objects,
values, etc.) articulated within a narrative.
Functions of Symbols and Symbolism
1. Social symbols are used to transfer culture, ideologies, or
beliefs from group to another group of people.
2. Symbols are also used to preserve traditions or beliefs of a
certain group of people.
3. All symbols contain the “face” and “hidden” values, the
hidden value, in a functional perspective, holds greater
meaning and importance than the face value.
4. Symbols and symbolism have been used to create
movements, spread ideas, and share advocacies that
surpasses time and distance.
Types of Symbols
Cultural Symbols – manifestation that signifies ideology of a
particular culture that has meaning within that culture.
Social symbols – relating to human societies and its modes of
organization (i.e., social classes, social problems, social issues,
etc.)
Political symbols – used to represent a political standpoint;
seen in various media and forms such as banners, flag, motto,
etc.