Name: Ronamae F.

Villanueva
Course & Year: BSCpE -3

DISCRETE MATH :FINAL EXAM

Part I – Directions: Translate each quotation into symbolic form. For each simple statement in the
quotation, indicate what letter you used to represent the simple statement.

1. If you can count your money, you don’t have a billion dollars.
Answer: 𝑝 → 𝑞
𝑝 = "𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑦"
𝑞 = "𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑑𝑜𝑛′𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠"
2. If you aren’t fired with enthusiasm, then you will be fired with enthusiasm.
Answer: 𝑝 → 𝑞
𝑝 = "you aren't fired with enthusiasm"
𝑞 = "𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑠𝑚"
3. If people concentrated on the really important things in life, there’d be a shortage of fishing poles.
Answer: 𝑝 → 𝑞
𝑝 = ”𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒. "
𝑞 = "𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒′𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠. "

4. If you are killed, you have lost a very important part of your life.

Answer: 𝑝 → 𝑞
𝑝 = "you are killed"
𝑞 = "𝑦𝑜𝑢 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒"

Part II - Directions: Use two truth table to show that each of the statements are equivalent.
1. p v ( p ∧ r), p

p r p v (𝒑 ∧ 𝒓) p r p
T T T T T T T T
T F T T F T F T
F T F F F F T F
F F F F F F F F

The truth values in v are the same as those in the truth value of p. So, 𝑝 ≡ 𝑝 ∨ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑟).
2. q ∧ ( q v r), q

q r q ∧ (𝒑 ∨ 𝒓) q r q
T T T T T T T T
T F T T T T F T
F T F F T F T F
F F F F F F F F

The ∧ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 are both identical truth values, thus 𝑞 ≡ 𝑞 ∧ (𝑞 ∨ 𝑟).

3. p ∧ ( q v r), (p ∧ q) v (p ∧ r)

p q r (𝒑 ∧ 𝒒) ∨ (𝒑 ∧ 𝒓) p q r p ∧ (𝒒 ∨ 𝒓)
T T T T T T T T T T T T
T T F T T F T T F T T T
T F T F T T T F T T T T
T F F F F F T F F T F F
F T T F F F F T T F F T
F T F F F F F T F F F T
F F T F F F F F T F F T
F F F F F F F F F F F F
The ∧ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∨ are both identical truth values, thus .

𝑝 ∧ (𝑞 ∨ 𝑟) ≡ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ∨ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑟).

4. p v ( q ∧ r), (p v q) ∧ (p v r)

p q r (𝒑 ∧ 𝒒) ∨ (𝒑 ∧ 𝒓) p q r p ∧ (𝒒 ∨ 𝒓)
T T T T T T T T T T T T
T T F T T F T T F T T T
T F T F T T T F T T T T
T F F F F F T F F T F F
F T T F F F F T T F F T
F T F F F F F T F F F T
F F T F F F F F T F F T
F F F F F F F F F F F F
The ∧ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∨ are both identical truth values, thus

𝑝 ∧ (𝑞 ∨ 𝑟) ≡ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ∨ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑟).
Part III – Directions: Identify the antecedent and the consequent of each conditional statement.

1. If I has money, I would by the painting.

Answer:

Antecedent: I had the money

Consequent: I would buy the painting

2. If Shelly goes on the trip, she will not be able to take part in the graduation ceremony

Answer:

Antecedent: Shelly goes on the trip

Consequent: she will not be able to take part in the graduation ceremony.

3. If they have a guard dog, then no one would trespass on their property.

Answer:

Antecedent: they had a guard dog

Consequent: No one would trespass on their property.

4. If I don’t get to school before 7:30, I won’t be able to find a parking place.

Answer:

Antecedent: I don’t get to school before 7:30

Consequent: I won’t be able to find a parking place

5. If I change my major, I must reapply for admission.

Answer:

Antecedent: I change my major

Consequent: I must reapply for admission

p q (𝑝 ∧ ~𝑞) → ~(𝑝 ∧ 𝑞)
T T F T F
T F T T T
F T F T T
F F F T T

2. [(p → q) ∧ p] → p

p q (𝑝 → 𝑞 ) (𝑝 → 𝑞 ) ∧ 𝑝 [(𝑝 → 𝑞 ) ∧ 𝑝] → 𝑝
T T T T T
T F F F T
F T T F T
F F T F T

3. [(p → q) v (r ∧ ∼p] → (r v ∼q)

p q r (𝑝 → 𝑞) v ~p (𝑟 ∧ ~𝑝) → (𝑟 ∨ ~𝑞) r ~q
T T T T T F F T T T F
T T F T T F F F F F F
T F T F F F F T T T T
T F F F F F F T T F T
F T T T T T T T T T F
F T F T T T F F F F F
F F T T T T T T T T T
F F F T T T F T T F T