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Perry-Robertson Formula Overview

The Perry-Robertson Formula was developed to improve upon the Euler equation and Tangent Modulus Method by accounting for imperfections through assuming an initial curvature of columns. It establishes a second-order differential equation that is solved using boundary conditions to evaluate stress in the cross-section, which is then equated to the yield value to determine critical load. While an improvement, it does not consider all real-world factors like residual stresses or cross-section shape that influence column buckling failure. More accurate formulas have since been established through extensive testing.

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41 views6 pages

Perry-Robertson Formula Overview

The Perry-Robertson Formula was developed to improve upon the Euler equation and Tangent Modulus Method by accounting for imperfections through assuming an initial curvature of columns. It establishes a second-order differential equation that is solved using boundary conditions to evaluate stress in the cross-section, which is then equated to the yield value to determine critical load. While an improvement, it does not consider all real-world factors like residual stresses or cross-section shape that influence column buckling failure. More accurate formulas have since been established through extensive testing.

Uploaded by

Zithulele Treatwell
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© All Rights Reserved
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Perry-Robertson Formula

The Perry-Robertson Formula was developed to take into account the deficiencies of the
Euler equation and other techniques such as the Tangent Modulus Method. This formula
evolved from the assumption that all practical imperfections could be represented by a
hypothetical initial curvature of the column.

As with the Euler analysis a 2nd Order Differential Equation is established and solved
using known boundary conditions, and the extreme fibre stress in the cross-section at
mid-height (the assumed critical location) is evaluated. The extreme fibre stress, which
includes both axial and bending effects, is then equated to the yield value. Clearly the
final result is dependent on the initial hypothetical curvature.

Consider the deformed shape of the assumed centre-line of a column in equilibrium under
the action of its critical load Pc and an assumed initial curvature as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1
Substitution of the boundary conditions in the equation gives:
which was combined with a load factor of 1.7 and used for many years in design codes
to determine the critical value of average compressive stress below which overall buckling
would not occur. The curve of stress/slenderness for this curve is indicated in Figure 2 for
comparison with the Euler and Tangent Modulus solutions.

Figure 2
European curves
Whilst the Perry-Robertson formula does take into account many of the deficiencies of
the Euler and Tangent Modulus approaches, it does not consider all of the factors which
influence the failure of columns subjected to compressive stress. In the case of steel
columns for example, the effects of residual stresses induced during fabrication, the type
of section being considered (i.e. the cross-section shape), the material thickness, the axis
of buckling, the method of fabrication (i.e. rolled or welded), etc. are not allowed for.
A more realistic formula of the critical load capacity of columns has been established
following extensive full-scale testing both in the UK and in other European countries. The
Perry-Robertson formula has in effect been modified and is referred to in design codes
as the Perry strut formula and is given in the following form:

The European Column curves are indicated in graphical form in Figure 3.


Figure 3

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