pera Kec aeG eroUiSwi! Se aaa Aa cat y Touches all the corners of NCERT & NCERT EXEMPLAR 7, More than SUFFICIENT for school EXAMS & BOARDS ~ Approved by Rie: TOPPERS pe Kec aeG eriFour largest Islands - Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Hokkaido, 50% Islands are mountainous and active earthquake zone ( it influenced architecture) Population - Japanese, Aniu (minority),Koreans (laborers). Food:- rice fish, raw fish(Sushi, most popular healthy dish and source of protein). Till twelfth century:- emperor had ruled from Kyoto. By twelfth century:- they overcome by shoguns. From 1603 to 1867 Tokugawa family (Shogun) ruled . Shogun divided country into 250 domains, under the Downloaded from [Link] rule of lords (daimyo). Daimyo ruled their domains from Edo(modern Tokyo). Samurai (the warrior) aristocrats, served the shoguns and daimyo. Three changes done by shoguns for future development. . Only samurai could carry arms (swords) daimyo would lived in their domain with autonomy . * Land surveys identified the land productivity to ensure a stable revenue base. The most populated city in the world by mid 17th century Edo and other two cities Osaka and Kyoto. This led to the growth of commercial economy, created financial and credit systems Telegram/@padhieakshay People were very fond of reading People were patronage of art theater and printing, Import items:- silk from China, textile from India, paying in gold and silver. To reduce imports . Established silk industry in Nishijin (kyoto) world famous silk. Creation of stock market in rice to increase use of money Ye points most important hais * Japanese literature ‘Tale of the Genji’ written by Murasaki Shikibu kshay (female writer) led people to question - The essence(inherent) of being Japanese could be found long before the contact with China. YouTube/@padhi+ Myths of origin - Islands were created by God and that the emperor was a descendant of the sun goddess. In 1853,Commodore Matthew Perry, (USA) signed a treaty to permit trade and diplomatic relations with Japan. Ideology of Meisi government, 1868 , emperor reestablished their power and removed shoguns. Edo renamed Tokyo (Eastern capital) The new policy of government to defend the country from Europeans Slogan ‘Fukoku Kyohei'( rich country, strong army) Developed economy and built strong army create a sense of jf nationhood among the people Transformed subjects into ‘citizens’ Built the ‘Emperor system’ (emperor +bureaucracy + military exercised power) Officials studied European monarchies His birthday become national holiday Proclamation of law ( edicts) were issued in his name 1890 the’ imperial Rescript on Education’ urged people to pursue learning Ye sdare points with date, * 1870 - a new schooling system begin exam me question aate h isme se_ 1910 - Universalisation of education ¥ schooling was compulsory for all boys and girls Minimal tuition fees Curriculum based on western model Stress on loyalty and Japanese history v the ministry of education exercised control over the curriculum and teacher training. ‘Moral Culture’ added in education. The Measures that created Opposition for Government All young man compulsory to serve a period of military service Regulated the formation of political groups Control over meetings Strict censorship ‘li t Bureaucracy and military were put under the emperor. watts “Downloatied from [Link] Telesram/@patihleakshay YouTube/@padhieakshayTax on agriculture Japan's first railway line (1870-72) between Tokyo and port of Yokohama Imported textile machinery from Europe foreign technicians and teachers were employed Launched modern banking institutions(1872) Subsidies and tax benefits given to company like Mitsubishi and sumitomo (shipbuilding) Workers ina textile industhg Zaibatsu,the large business organisation dominated the economy Population increased 35 million (1872) to 55 million (1920) The government encouraged migration to reduce population pressure,first to Northern Island Hokkaido (Ainu native) then to Hawaii and Brazil They developed industries in these areas. ‘from [Link] Downloatle: In modern factories, most of the workers were women, ~ Aggressive Nationalism Meiji constitution had restricted franchise ae Created a diet (parliament) with limited power. enue Imperial Restoration- Meiji government established political parties . Elected prime-ministers form cabinets emperor was the commander of the forces Generals and admirals could become minister. This strengthening of the military Higher taxes to fund the armed forces. * Different intellectuals had different views on Japan's external affairs with other countries + Fukuzawa Yukichi (Meiji Philosophe) :- ‘expel Asia Telegram/@npadhieakshay and become part of the west’. * Miyake Setsurei:-' to develop oneself to one’s country is to devote oneself to the world’. * Ueki Emori:- demanding constitutional government, voting rights for women . YouTube/@padhleakshayPatriarchal household system. Nuclear family. New types of domestic goods. New types of family entertainments Cheap housing available. Overcoming ‘Modernity’. Japan extended its Empire in China and other parts of Asia and attacked Pearl Harbor (USA). Second World War emerged 1939 to 1945. Formation of patriotic societies and women’s organisations to support the the war. An influential conference(symposium) on ‘overcoming modernity’ in 1943. Morai Saburo (Musician):- Against playing Japanese music on western instruments. Nishitani Keiji:— defined modern as the unity of three streams of Western thoughts Protestant reformation. Rise of natural sciences. Two super powers:- Allied power ( BRFU) and Axis power( G12) indulged in the second world war. War ended with the defeat of Japan, dropping nuclear bombs on two cities of Japan, Nagasaki and Hiroshima by the Allied forces. After Defeat :- Japan was demilitarised. New constitution introduced. Article 9,'No war clause’ introduced . Re-establishment of trade union. First post war elections held in 1946, Rapid rebuilding of Japanese economy first Olympics held in Tokyo 1964 . Shinkansen (bullet trains) started in 1964 environmental degradation due to industrialisation. Air pollution caused by cadmium and mercury poisoning. New legal regulations and the world strictest law enacted in Japan. After defeat:- Re-emerging as a Global economic power. Nishitani Keiji Downloaded from [Link] Telegram/@pall YouTube/@padhleakshayQuestion : What were the major background factors responsible for the strengthening of the military and expansion of Japan's colonial empire? Answer : These were- 1. the Army and Navy were given independent control, 2. Services as generals and admirals in the past were made a condition to become a minister, 3. Higher Taxes imposed to compensate for the expenditure on defense. Question : Who was Fukuzawa Yukichi? Answer : He was a leading Meiji intellectual who advocated westernization for Japan. He was from Samurai (warrior) family. He had established Keio University and served asa translator for the first Japanese embassy to the U.S.A. He promoted western learning. Question : How had Nishitani Keiji defined the term "Modem"? Answer : This term was defined as the unity of three streams of Western thought- 1. the Renaissance, 2. The Protestant Reformation and 3. The rise of natural sciences. Question : Why did Nishitani Keiji state Japan's moral energy helpful to escape colonization? Answer : Japan's moral energy was nothing else but her strong faith in indigenous norms of society. She studied western culture, strategies, policies, and manners of living but adopted only useful in the situations of Japan. He further says that a fine blend of science and religion will help her in establishing a greater East Asia. Question : What was discussed in Japan in a symposium on “Overcoming Modernity” in 1943? Answer : The measures decided were pertaining to modernize with tools taken from Western Countries but apply them consciously and cautiously on Japanese land viz. affirming with the real situations in Japan. Downloaded from [Link] Telegram/@npadhieakshay YouTube/padhleakshayQuestion : What was the essence of the new constitution formed in Japan. after her defeat in the hands of the USA? Answer : It was - 1. No war clause was introduced in state policy, 2. Agriculture will be made a priority area for reclamation and investment, 3. Trade unions will be re-established, 4, The monopoly of Zaibasth or industrial Houses holding control on economy shall be checked, 5. The election shall be held in 1946 with men as well as women voters. Question : What were the questions in debate ringing in the minds of the populace in China? Answer: © These were- + 1. Whether Party's strong political control, economic liberalization, and integration into the global market have not generated the virus of inequalities between social groups, between regions, and between men and women resulting in mass tension. 2. whether heavy emphasis on market and open sanction would not crush the recognition of Chinese culture and manners as well. 3. Whether copying others is not suicidal China should better peep into Confucianism containing and concerned with good conduct, practical and proper social relationship. Question : How could England gather the courage to force the opium trade in China? Answer : England had pre-planned in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when missionaries were sent to China. They collected information on the weaknesses of China and reported them in their country. On the basis of it, England could gather the courage to challenge China in the opium war which had run continuously for three years i.e. 1839-1842, Question : What style of the opium trade was adopted by the British? Answer : Opium was collected by East India Company and issued a letter of credit to her agent against the payment, they had received’ in China and the silver was used to buy tea, silk, and porcelain for export in Britain. It was a triangular trade between Britain, India, and China. Downloaded from [Link] Telegram/@npadhieakshay YouTube/@padhleakshayQuestion : What were the thoughts of Mao Zedong? je was a great and veteran leader of C.C.P. and his thoughts were- Answer : + 1. Party should make its rural base, + 2. Independent government and Army to be organized, + 3, Women associations to be formed in order to forbid arranged marriages, abolish marriage contracts, and process of divorce to be made easier than existing. Question : What was new democracy and when was it established in Japan? Answer : New Democracy was Communism but women dictatorship of the proletariat. It was an alliance of all social classes. Core areas of the economy were put under government control and private enterprise and private ownership of land were gradually ended a. KHATAM! LS SCAN THIS. FOR MAGIC “NOTE: Worksheet (Important questions of all typology with answers) is provided as a seperate PDF on website [Link]* Downloated from [Link] Telegram/@npadhieakshay YouTube/@padhleakshay