‘THE INDICATIVE 49 meu de banc&? 10. Voi jucati carti de vreo dou’ ore, dar nu ‘v-afi terminat inca temele. il. Harry nu i-a oferit flori sofiei de foarte mult timp. 12. De cand stie David adevarul despre bunicul siu? 13. Mi gandesc la cele spuse de ea de mai bine de doua ore si tot nu pot infelege ce s-a intémplat acolo. 14. Am incercat adesea s&-i spun adevarul. 15. Ea nu la infeles niciodaté. 16. Bi si imbunatatit mult pronuntia anul acesta. 17. Ce muzee importante ale lumii ai vizitat pani acum? 18. De cat timp n-a mai fumat Christine? 19. Supa fierbe de la ora zece, dar nu este inci gata. 20. Prietenii mei vor pleca in strdinatate de indata ce isi vor cumpara masind. The Present Perfect and The Past Tense I, Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect or the Past Tense : 1. I (not to play) football since I (to break) my leg. 2. Tom (to play) football when he (to be) at school. 3. We (not to see) them for ages! Where they (to be)? 4, “I just (to hear) that Emily is in Spain.” “Oh, don’t you know she (to leave) our town at the end of July? I (to receive) a letter from her the other day.” 5. “My brother (not to start) work yet. He’s still at the University.” “How long he (to be) at the University ?” “He (to be) there for three years ; before that he (to spend) four years at the high school.” 6. “You ever (to eat) snails?” “No, I never (to eat) snails and, if I (to be) you, I should not eat them either.” 7. When George (to come) into the room, Lucy (to sit) in an armchair in a corner of the room. George (not to see) Lucy and he (to go) to the bookcase and (to choose) a book. Then, Lucy (to cough) and George (to turn) round quickly and (to say): “Excuse me, I (not to see) you.” 8. This car (to be) in our family for more than eleven years. Father (to drive) it for the first six years, my sister (to use) it for the next two years, and I (to have) it for the last three years. 9. “Mother (not to come) back yet?” “Yes, she (to come) half an hour ago. She (to go) straight to the kitchen.” “Funny ! I (not to hear) her.” 10. “Ihear that your secretary (to leave).” “Yes, she (to leave) two weeks ago.” “Anybody (to be) appointed to take her place ?” “I think several women (to apply) to the job, but so far nothing (to be) decided.” 11. *You (to see) any good plays lately?” “Yes, I (to go) to the theatre last week and 1 (to see) a French comedy.” “You (to like) it?” “Yes, I (to love) it. But, of course, T (not to understand) very many words.” 12, “Harold (to book) the hotel room yet?” “Well, he (to write) to the hotel ten days ago, but they (not to answer) him yet.” 13.*Your friend (to know) any English when she first (to arrive)?” “No, she (not to know) a word, but she (to work) hard since then and so, she understands almost everything.” 14.AL6 o'clock p.m. Mr. Brown (to ring) me up and (to say): “Is Hob with you? ”, Hob is his son and he (to come) to my place almost every day last week. “I (not to see), him today,” I (to answer) him. “But my sons (to go) to the cinema this afternoon and they (not to come) back yet. Perhaps Hob (to go) with them.”50 ‘THE VERB 1S. Peter (to meet) Robert at school yesterday morning and (to tell) him : “I (not to see) you at the bus stop this morning. You (to miss) the bus?” “I (not to miss) it,” * (to answer) Peter. “I (not to miss) the bus for months. But this morning my neighbour (to give) me a lift.” 16. Mr. Williams, Peggy's employer, (to dictate) four letters and (to tell) Peggy {0 type them quickly. About an hour later he (to ring) Peggy's office. He (to say) “You (o finish) all the letters?” “I (to type) the letters to the Oil Company and ‘o Mr. White. Now I'm typing the letter to Mr. Sullivan, but I (not to begin) the one to Mr. Jackson yet.” 17. “How long Lucy (to be) in her present job?” “T think she (to be) there for three years.” “And what she (to do) before that?” “She (to work) in a shoe factory, I suppose.” 18. “How long Peter (to work) in that office?” “He (to work) there for two years.” (He to enjoy) working there?” “No, he (not to enjoy) it at all. That is why he (to come) to our factory where he (to work) for more than a year now.” 19. “Where else Mr. James (to be) since he (to arrive) in Romania?” “Oh, he (to be) to the monasteries in Northern Moldavia, but he (not to visit) Jassy yet.” Il. Work on the model: Michael/to sing a song/five minutes ago What has Michael done? He has sung a song. When did he sing it? He sang it five minutes ago. 1. Lucy/to break a cup/half an hour ago; 2. We/to find an umbrella/yesterday ; 3. Vto eat a cake/in the morning; 4. You/to draw acatitwo days ago; 5. ‘The girls/ toplay in the garden/on Sunday; 6. Cathy/to meet her friend/yesterday afternoon ; 7. Vito show the pupils a picture/a few minutes ago ; 8. You/to speak English to him/last Monday ; 9. We/to tell funny jokes/ten minutes ago; 10. The boy/to get up/at 7 o’elock TIL, Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect or the Past Tense form of the verbs in brackets, according to the meaning: : 1. They ... to us several times till now. (to speak) 2, We evening. (to listen) 3. Their baby ... out-of bed yesterday. (to fall) 4. Our friends to London this week. (to go) 5. I ... several letters to her till now. (to write) 6, We. a long letter a minute ago. (to receive) 7. You ... us a nice song last week. (to teach) 8.1... a funny joke today. (to hear) 9. They ... in a village for a year during the war. (to live) 10. John just ... to his new house. (to move) TV. Make up sentences with the following time expressions, using either the Present Perfect or the Past Tense according to the meaning : 1. the other day; 2. lately; 3. for five years ; 4. so far; 5. in 1987; 6. last summer ; 7. often; 8. as soon as; 9. last January; 10. never; i, once; 12. today ; 13. this morning ; 14. when; 15. recently; 16. then; 17. just; 18, this week: 19. on Sunday ; 20. for ages. : to a good concert last‘THE INDICATIVE 31 V. Translate into English : 1. Peter a venit de la scoali la ora 2 p.m., iar acum vorbeste la telefon de mai bine de zece minute. 2. Nici unul dintre prietenii nostri nu a auzit vreodata de un Tucru atat de ciudat, 3. E timpul s& infelegeti importanga limbilor straine. 4, Anul trecut ai vizitat Londra, iar anul acesta ai vizitat Parisul. 5. Am dori sa fim Ia mare acum. 6. Dupa ce vor cumpira biletele, vor intra in sala de spectacole. 7. Mary mu ne-a telefonat de cand a plecat din orasul nostru. 8. Am aflat multe lucruri interesante despre acest actor in ultima vreme. 9. Verigorul meu a locuit in Canada timp de opt ani, iar apoi s-a mutat in Argentina. 10. De cat timp patineaz nepotelul t{u? Il. De-ar sti Harry unde suntem, cu siguranta ar veni aici. 12. Vecinul nostru ar fi de parere s nu plantim toti acesti pomi in gridin’. 13. Turistul tocmai ne-a explicat ca luat trenul ieri dup’-amiazi si c& a ajuns aici in aceast’ dimineaf’. 14. L-ai intrebat vreodati ce facultate a urmat cat timp a stat la Londra? 15, Ai vaizut ultimele picturi ale surorii mele? 16. Cand au fost aici, ei ne-au promis o multime de carti, dar nu am primit nimic pani acum. 17. imi spunea odati prietenul tu c& nu-fi giseai carnetul de conducere. Ce-ai ficut in cele din urma? 18. Dac as fi in locul tiu, as cumpara pe dati apartamentul. 19, Cand vei fi citit toatt cartea, vei injelege mai bine intrebirile mele. 20. Asculta! El vorbeste englezeste ca i cum ar fi limba lui materni. 1.7, THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE 1.7.1, Form Tyou/he/she/it/we/they had opened/seen | Had W/you/he/she/it/welthey opened/seen? Tacha Vyoushe/she/it/we/they had not Had I/you/he/she/iv/welthey not ‘opened/seen opened/seen? Vyou/he/she/it/we/they badn’t Hadn’t W/you/he/she/it/ we/they opened/seen : opened/seen ? 1.7.2, Use 1. To express a past action that took place before a past moment or before another action in the past. In fact it is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect. Note the use of when, before, now thai, as soon as, and after in some cf the sentences containing a Past Perfect : The boy explained that he had seen somebody in the garden, When father came home, Dick had done his homework. Father came home after Dick had done his homework. Dick had done his homework before father came home. 2.°To express duration up to a certain moment in the past : By the time the rain started, we had dug the whole garden.